Validation of a Deep Learning Tool for Detection of Incidental Vertebral Compression Fractures.

Objective: This study evaluated the performance of a deep learning-based vertebral compression fracture (VCF) detection tool in patients with incidental VCF. The purpose of this study was to validate this tool across multiple sites and multiple vendors.

Methods: This was a retrospective, multicenter, multinational blinded study using anonymized chest and abdominal CT scans performed for indications other than VCF in patients ≥50 years old.

Wideband rectifying metasurface with enhanced efficiency for wireless power transmission via harmonic feedback design.

We present a wideband rectifying metasurface (RMS) with enhanced system efficiency for wireless power transmission and energy harvesting. The RMS consists of periodic arrays with integrated diodes, with a high input impedance matched with the diodes, thus eliminating the matching network between metasurface (MS) and rectifier. Besides, a unique harmonic feedback network is embedded in each unit cell, rectifying the high-order harmonic generated by the diode repeatedly, improving the total efficiency over a wide bandwidth.

Efficient 100-Gb/s wide multi-band RoF system using single-drive MZM with bias-controlled chirp parameter for 6 G indoor network.

The explosive growth of mobile data traffic and the demands of 6 G networks for ultra-high data rates and low latency necessitate advanced infrastructure solutions. One promising approach is the implementation of radio-over-fiber (RoF)-based distributed antenna systems (DAS), which can efficiently transmit radio frequency signals over optical fiber, especially in dense indoor environments. However, analog RoF systems face challenges, including noise, nonlinearities, and power fading caused by chromatic dispersion.

Optical method for dissolution/diffusion process multiparameters simultaneous measurement based on liquid-core cylindrical lenses.

The dissolution/diffusion process of solid in a liquid is a kind of widespread physical phenomenon. Parameters involved in this process include the dissolution rate (), dissolution rate constant (), and diffusion coefficient (), whose accurate measurement is particularly important in fields such as biopharmaceuticals, materials science, agriculture, etc. However, the commonly used measurement methods at present cannot obtain these parameters simultaneously.

Conformal high-efficiency ultra-thin flexible rectifying metasurface with a simple structure.

This paper proposes a conformal high-efficiency ultra-thin flexible rectifying metasurface (RMS) with a simple structure applied for wireless power transferring (WPT), featuring polarization insensitivity and wide-angle incidence capabilities. The RMS unit adopts a rotationally symmetric structure consisting of double rings and cross-shaped elements, with two diodes placed in the gap of the cross-shaped to achieve polarization insensitivity. Simultaneously, by adjusting the dimensions of the "double ring and cross" structure, its output impedance is varied to achieve conjugate matching with the diode input impedance, thereby eliminating the impedance matching network.

Intraskeletal histovariability and skeletochronology in an ornithopod dinosaur from the Maestrazgo Basin (Teruel, Spain).

Ornithopods are an extinct group of dinosaurs that were particularly abundant and diverse in the Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula, and whose abundance in the Maestrazgo Basin has allowed numerous taxa to be identified over the last decade. Many of these fossil remains are still taxonomically indeterminate and require a more detailed study on both a macroscopic and microscopic scale. In this contribution, an osteohistological analysis is carried out on a partial skeleton-composed of five incomplete vertebrae, two dorsal ribs, an ischium, a fibula, and a tibia-found in the province of Aliaga (Teruel, NE Spain).

Addressing racial and ethnic disparities in premature exits from permanent supportive housing among residents with substance use disorders.

Background: Permanent supportive housing (PSH) is an evidence-based practice for reducing homelessness that subsidizes permanent, independent housing and provides case management-including linkages to health services. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are common contributing factors towards premature, unwanted ("negative") PSH exits; little is known about racial/ethnic differences in negative PSH exits among residents with SUDs. Within the nation's largest PSH program at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), we examined relationships among SUDs and negative PSH exits (for up to five years post-PSH move-in) across racial/ethnic subgroups.

Factors influencing role preferences in decision-making of healthy women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants: subanalysis from a randomised controlled decision coaching trial.

Background: Patients who actively engage in their medical decision-making processes can experience better health outcomes. This exploratory study aimed to identify predictors of preferred and actual roles in decision-making in healthy women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs).

Methods: Women with BRCA1/2 PVs without a history of breast and/or ovarian cancer were recruited in six centres across Germany.

Long-term impacts of salinity and temperature changes on Brachionus calyciflorus populations: understanding the role of intraspecific variability.

Worldwide, many coastal freshwater ecosystems suffer from seawater intrusion. In addition to this stressor, it is likely that the biota inhabiting these ecosystems will also need to deal with climate change-related temperature fluctuations. The resilience of populations to long-term exposure to these stressors will depend on their genetic diversity, a key for their adaptation to changing environments.

Noisy-channel language comprehension in aphasia: A Bayesian mixture modeling approach.

Individuals with "agrammatic" receptive aphasia have long been known to rely on semantic plausibility rather than syntactic cues when interpreting sentences. In contrast to early interpretations of this pattern as indicative of a deficit in syntactic knowledge, a recent proposal views agrammatic comprehension as a case of "noisy-channel" language processing with an increased expectation of noise in the input relative to healthy adults. Here, we investigate the nature of the noise model in aphasia and whether it is adapted to the statistics of the environment.

Cardiovascular disease, bone fracture, and all-cause mortality risks among postmenopausal women by arthritis and veteran status: A multistate Markov transition analysis.

Arthritis, a chronic inflammatory condition linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and bone fracture, is more frequent among military veterans and postmenopausal women. This study examined correlates of arthritis and relationships of arthritis with risks of developing CVD, bone fractures, and mortality among postmenopausal veteran and non-veteran women. We analyzed longitudinal data on 135,790 (3,436 veteran and 132,354 non-veteran) postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative who were followed-up for an average of 16 years between enrollment (1993-1998) and February 17, 2024.

Structural basis for human NKCC1 inhibition by loop diuretic drugs.

Na-K-Cl cotransporters functions as an anion importers, regulating trans-epithelial chloride secretion, cell volume, and renal salt reabsorption. Loop diuretics, including furosemide, bumetanide, and torsemide, antagonize both NKCC1 and NKCC2, and are first-line medicines for the treatment of edema and hypertension. NKCC1 activation by the molecular crowding sensing WNK kinases is critical if cells are to combat shrinkage during hypertonic stress; however, how phosphorylation accelerates NKCC1 ion transport remains unclear.

Ketamine Versus Midazolam as the First-Line Continuous Infusion for Status Epilepticus in Children with Cardiac Disease.

Background: The treatment of status epilepticus (SE) in children with cardiac disease is challenging given their often-tenuous hemodynamic state. We aim to determine whether ketamine is safe and effective in children with cardiac disease as the first-line continuous infusion for the treatment of refractory SE (RSE) and to compare ketamine to midazolam for the treatment of RSE in this population.

Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients with cardiac disease and RSE admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit at a tertiary children's hospital between January 1, 2017 and June 30, 2023.

Comparative analysis of brushless DC and switched reluctance motors for optimizing off-grid water pumping.

Off-grid water pumping systems (OGWPS) have become an increasingly popular area of research in the search for sustainable energy solutions. This paper presents a finite element method (FEM)-based design and analysis of Brushless-DC (BLDC) and Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM) designed for low-power water pumping applications. Utilizing adaptive finite element analysis (FEA), both motors were designed with identical ratings and design parameters to ensure a fair comparison.

Design and Implementation of universal converter using ANN controller.

This paper details the hardware implementation of a Universal Converter controlled by an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), utilizing key components such as six Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), two inductors, and two capacitors for energy storage and voltage smoothing. A Digital Signal Processor (DSP) serves as the core controller, processing real-time input and feedback signals, including voltage and current measurements, to dynamically manage five operational modes: rectifier buck, inverter boost, DC-DC buck, DC-DC boost, and AC voltage control. The pre-trained ANN algorithm generates pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals to control the switching of the IGBTs, optimizing timing and duty cycles for efficient operation.

The number of central nervous system-driven symptoms predicts subsequent chronic primary pain: evidence from UK Biobank.

Background: Chronic primary pain describes conditions where pain is the principal problem rather than a consequence of another disease. Primary pain is thought to be primarily owing to nociplastic pain (i.e.

Eupalinolide B alleviates rheumatoid arthritis through the promotion of apoptosis and autophagy via regulating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 signaling axis.

The excessive proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) leads to synovial hyperplasia, a key pathological hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Eupalinolide B (EB), a sesquiterpene lactone of Eupatorium lindleyanum DC., has anti-inflammatory effects and anti-proliferative activity in tumor cells.

The Pharmacology of Aid in Dying: From Database Analyses to Evidence-Based Best Practices.

Medical aid in dying is legal in 10 states plus Washington DC, covering 22% of the U.S. population.

Interprofessional Debrief on Racism, Equity, and Microaggressions (I-DREAM): Using Simulation to Change Awareness, Attitudes, and Abilities Across an Institution.

Purpose: Effective diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) education is imperative to combat bias across health care organizations. The authors evaluated the effectiveness of interprofessional, simulation-based DEI training in improving clinicians' awareness, attitudes, and abilities regarding bias, racism, inclusion, microaggressions, and equity in the workforce.

Method: From October 2021 to June 2022, interprofessional clinicians at Children's National Hospital in Washington, DC, completed the Interprofessional Debrief on Racism, Equity, and Microaggressions (I-DREAM) training.

Alarmin' lymphoid developments.

The alarmin cytokine IL-33 stimulates the formation of immune hubs within otherwise "cold" tumors.

GorillaFACS: The Facial Action Coding System for the Gorilla spp.

The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is an objective observation tool for measuring human facial behaviour. It avoids subjective attributions of meaning by objectively measuring independent movements linked to facial muscles, called Action Units (AUs). FACS has been adapted to 11 other taxa, including most apes, macaques and domestic animals, but not yet gorillas.

The Posterior Ligamentous Complex: Anatomic and Biomechanical Considerations in Injury Classification and Management.

The posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) provides critical structural support in the thoracolumbar spine. Its role in resisting progressive flexion is particularly important at the thoracolumbar junction due to the transition from the rigid thoracic spine to the more mobile lumbar region. Each component of the PLC contains anatomic features that contribute to both the structure and function of the PLC as a whole.

The 2021 Podiatric Residency Candidate and Program Virtual Interview Experience During COVID-19 with Multispecialty Reflections and Recommendations for a Successful Virtual Match: A 2024 Update.

This objective of this communication is to provide an update from the Council of Teaching Hospitals (COTH) and the American Association of Colleges of Podiatric Medicine (AACPM) with respect to the profession's residency interview process, otherwise known as the Centralized Residency Interview Process (CRIP). During the 2022-2023 academic year, CRIP returned to an in-person format following a period of virtual interviews during the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey data since this change indicate that a large majority of residency program directors and student applicants prefer an in-person format to the residency interview process.