Addressing racial and ethnic disparities in premature exits from permanent supportive housing among residents with substance use disorders.

Background: Permanent supportive housing (PSH) is an evidence-based practice for reducing homelessness that subsidizes permanent, independent housing and provides case management-including linkages to health services. Substance use disorders (SUDs) are common contributing factors towards premature, unwanted ("negative") PSH exits; little is known about racial/ethnic differences in negative PSH exits among residents with SUDs. Within the nation's largest PSH program at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), we examined relationships among SUDs and negative PSH exits (for up to five years post-PSH move-in) across racial/ethnic subgroups.

Factors influencing role preferences in decision-making of healthy women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants: subanalysis from a randomised controlled decision coaching trial.

Background: Patients who actively engage in their medical decision-making processes can experience better health outcomes. This exploratory study aimed to identify predictors of preferred and actual roles in decision-making in healthy women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants (PVs).

Methods: Women with BRCA1/2 PVs without a history of breast and/or ovarian cancer were recruited in six centres across Germany.

Long-term impacts of salinity and temperature changes on Brachionus calyciflorus populations: understanding the role of intraspecific variability.

Worldwide, many coastal freshwater ecosystems suffer from seawater intrusion. In addition to this stressor, it is likely that the biota inhabiting these ecosystems will also need to deal with climate change-related temperature fluctuations. The resilience of populations to long-term exposure to these stressors will depend on their genetic diversity, a key for their adaptation to changing environments.

Noisy-channel language comprehension in aphasia: A Bayesian mixture modeling approach.

Individuals with "agrammatic" receptive aphasia have long been known to rely on semantic plausibility rather than syntactic cues when interpreting sentences. In contrast to early interpretations of this pattern as indicative of a deficit in syntactic knowledge, a recent proposal views agrammatic comprehension as a case of "noisy-channel" language processing with an increased expectation of noise in the input relative to healthy adults. Here, we investigate the nature of the noise model in aphasia and whether it is adapted to the statistics of the environment.

Cardiovascular disease, bone fracture, and all-cause mortality risks among postmenopausal women by arthritis and veteran status: A multistate Markov transition analysis.

Arthritis, a chronic inflammatory condition linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and bone fracture, is more frequent among military veterans and postmenopausal women. This study examined correlates of arthritis and relationships of arthritis with risks of developing CVD, bone fractures, and mortality among postmenopausal veteran and non-veteran women. We analyzed longitudinal data on 135,790 (3,436 veteran and 132,354 non-veteran) postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative who were followed-up for an average of 16 years between enrollment (1993-1998) and February 17, 2024.

Structural basis for human NKCC1 inhibition by loop diuretic drugs.

Na-K-Cl cotransporters functions as an anion importers, regulating trans-epithelial chloride secretion, cell volume, and renal salt reabsorption. Loop diuretics, including furosemide, bumetanide, and torsemide, antagonize both NKCC1 and NKCC2, and are first-line medicines for the treatment of edema and hypertension. NKCC1 activation by the molecular crowding sensing WNK kinases is critical if cells are to combat shrinkage during hypertonic stress; however, how phosphorylation accelerates NKCC1 ion transport remains unclear.

Ketamine Versus Midazolam as the First-Line Continuous Infusion for Status Epilepticus in Children with Cardiac Disease.

Background: The treatment of status epilepticus (SE) in children with cardiac disease is challenging given their often-tenuous hemodynamic state. We aim to determine whether ketamine is safe and effective in children with cardiac disease as the first-line continuous infusion for the treatment of refractory SE (RSE) and to compare ketamine to midazolam for the treatment of RSE in this population.

Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients with cardiac disease and RSE admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit at a tertiary children's hospital between January 1, 2017 and June 30, 2023.

The number of central nervous system-driven symptoms predicts subsequent chronic primary pain: evidence from UK Biobank.

Background: Chronic primary pain describes conditions where pain is the principal problem rather than a consequence of another disease. Primary pain is thought to be primarily owing to nociplastic pain (i.e.

Light-up lipid droplets dynamic behaviors using rationally designed carbon dots.

Lipid droplets (LDs) are essential organelles used to store lipids and participate in cellular lipid metabolism. Imaging LDs is an intuitive approach to comprehend their biological functions. Herein, the LDs-targeted CDs (LD-CDs) featuring robust solvatochromic emission were elaborately designed by a Schiff base reaction using 1, 2-diamino-4-fluorobenzene, 3-dimethylaminophenol, and thiourea as precursors.

Comparative analysis of brushless DC and switched reluctance motors for optimizing off-grid water pumping.

Off-grid water pumping systems (OGWPS) have become an increasingly popular area of research in the search for sustainable energy solutions. This paper presents a finite element method (FEM)-based design and analysis of Brushless-DC (BLDC) and Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM) designed for low-power water pumping applications. Utilizing adaptive finite element analysis (FEA), both motors were designed with identical ratings and design parameters to ensure a fair comparison.

Design and Implementation of universal converter using ANN controller.

This paper details the hardware implementation of a Universal Converter controlled by an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), utilizing key components such as six Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs), two inductors, and two capacitors for energy storage and voltage smoothing. A Digital Signal Processor (DSP) serves as the core controller, processing real-time input and feedback signals, including voltage and current measurements, to dynamically manage five operational modes: rectifier buck, inverter boost, DC-DC buck, DC-DC boost, and AC voltage control. The pre-trained ANN algorithm generates pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals to control the switching of the IGBTs, optimizing timing and duty cycles for efficient operation.

Eupalinolide B alleviates rheumatoid arthritis through the promotion of apoptosis and autophagy via regulating the AMPK/mTOR/ULK-1 signaling axis.

The excessive proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) leads to synovial hyperplasia, a key pathological hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Eupalinolide B (EB), a sesquiterpene lactone of Eupatorium lindleyanum DC., has anti-inflammatory effects and anti-proliferative activity in tumor cells.

The Pharmacology of Aid in Dying: From Database Analyses to Evidence-Based Best Practices.

Medical aid in dying is legal in 10 states plus Washington DC, covering 22% of the U.S. population.

Interprofessional Debrief on Racism, Equity, and Microaggressions (I-DREAM): Using Simulation to Change Awareness, Attitudes, and Abilities Across an Institution.

Purpose: Effective diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) education is imperative to combat bias across health care organizations. The authors evaluated the effectiveness of interprofessional, simulation-based DEI training in improving clinicians' awareness, attitudes, and abilities regarding bias, racism, inclusion, microaggressions, and equity in the workforce.

Method: From October 2021 to June 2022, interprofessional clinicians at Children's National Hospital in Washington, DC, completed the Interprofessional Debrief on Racism, Equity, and Microaggressions (I-DREAM) training.

Alarmin' lymphoid developments.

The alarmin cytokine IL-33 stimulates the formation of immune hubs within otherwise "cold" tumors.

GorillaFACS: The Facial Action Coding System for the Gorilla spp.

The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is an objective observation tool for measuring human facial behaviour. It avoids subjective attributions of meaning by objectively measuring independent movements linked to facial muscles, called Action Units (AUs). FACS has been adapted to 11 other taxa, including most apes, macaques and domestic animals, but not yet gorillas.

The Posterior Ligamentous Complex: Anatomic and Biomechanical Considerations in Injury Classification and Management.

The posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) provides critical structural support in the thoracolumbar spine. Its role in resisting progressive flexion is particularly important at the thoracolumbar junction due to the transition from the rigid thoracic spine to the more mobile lumbar region. Each component of the PLC contains anatomic features that contribute to both the structure and function of the PLC as a whole.

The 2021 Podiatric Residency Candidate and Program Virtual Interview Experience During COVID-19 with Multispecialty Reflections and Recommendations for a Successful Virtual Match: A 2024 Update.

This objective of this communication is to provide an update from the Council of Teaching Hospitals (COTH) and the American Association of Colleges of Podiatric Medicine (AACPM) with respect to the profession's residency interview process, otherwise known as the Centralized Residency Interview Process (CRIP). During the 2022-2023 academic year, CRIP returned to an in-person format following a period of virtual interviews during the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey data since this change indicate that a large majority of residency program directors and student applicants prefer an in-person format to the residency interview process.

Severe Deficiency of Vitamin D and Anthracycline-Taxane Regimen are associated with Cachexia Following Breast Cancer Chemotherapy: A Single Center Assessment Using Two Consensus-Based Criteria.

Background: Cancer cachexia in breast cancer (BC) patients is not commonly reported, particularly in Indonesia. This study assessed the prevalence of cachexia in local patients with BC receiving chemotherapy, and the associated factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 160 BC patients who started chemotherapy between July 2018 and June 2022.

What Next for the Science of Patient Preference? Interoperability, Standardization, and Transferability.

Using patient preference information (PPI) to incorporate patient voices into the drug development lifecycle can help align therapies with the needs and values of patients. However, several barriers have limited the use of PPI, including a lack of clarity on its use by decision-makers, a need for greater decision-maker trust in PPI, and a lack of time, budgets, and access to specialist expertise. The value proposition for PPI could be enhanced by making it FAIR: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable.

Antiretroviral Use for HIV Prevention During Pregnancy: The Need to Strengthen Regulatory and Surveillance Systems in Africa.

HIV-prevention efforts focusing on women of child-bearing potential are needed to end the HIV epidemic in the African region. The use of antiretroviral drugs as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a critical HIV prevention tool. However, safety data on new antiretrovirals during pregnancy are often limited because pregnant people are excluded from drug development studies.

Association Between Elevation of Serum Alanine Aminotransferase and HBsAg Seroclearance After Nucleos(t)ide Analog Withdrawal.

Background: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) frequently elevates in chronic hepatitis B patients stopping nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs).

Aims: To clarify the association between ALT elevation and HBsAg seroclearance after NA withdrawal.

Methods: This multicenter cohort study reviewed consecutive patients discontinuing NA between 2004/04/01 and 2022/05/24.

Ultrafast Charge Carrier Dynamics in Vanadium Dioxide, VO: Nonequilibrium Contributions to the Photoinduced Phase Transitions.

Vanadium oxide (VO) is an exotic phase-change material with diverse applications ranging from thermochromic smart windows to thermal sensors, neuromorphic computing, and tunable metasurfaces. Nonetheless, the mechanism responsible for its metal-insulator phase transition remains a subject of vigorous debate. Here, we investigate the ultrafast dynamics of the photoinduced phase transition in VO under low perturbation conditions.