Caste, wealth and geographic equity in program reach and expected outcomes: an exploratory analyses of in Nepal.

Introduction: Monitoring and evaluation of maternal and child nutrition programs typically concentrates on overall population-level results. There is limited understanding, however, of how intervention reach and expected outcomes differ among sub-populations, necessary insight for addressing inequalities. These analyses aim to determine if maternal exposure to social and behavior change (SBC) interventions is associated with scales of maternal practices (antenatal care, iron and folic acid in pregnancy, diet in pregnancy, postnatal care, iron and folic acid postpartum, and maternal dietary diversity) and child practices (institutional birth, health mothers' group participation, growth monitoring and promotion, early initiation of breastfeeding and infant and young child feeding) in Nepal, overall and by wealth, caste, and geography.

Student perceptions of U.S. based school day physical activity best practices in relation to accelerometer-based sedentary behavior and activity.

Objective: To examine associations between student perceptions of school physical activity best practices and accelerometer-based physical activity during school days.

Methods: The sample was 758 students in grades 3rd-4th or 6th-7th (female-58 %; 31 % Black/African American) from 33 schools across five school districts in a Mid-Atlantic state in the U.S.

Morphometrics and First Ultrastructural Characterizations of Intra-Erythrocytic Stages of So-Called Haemogregarina damiettae Ramadan et al. (1996) With Special Reference to Its Cytopathological Effects on the Infected Erythrocytes.

The current study provides the first ultrastructural observations on the intraerythrocytic stages of so-called Haemogregarina damiettae and their cytopathological effects on the infected erythrocytes (IEs) in addition to the recording of new morphometric data. The intraerythrocytic stages are attributed to the immature forms or trophozoites (Ts), and mature gamonts (Gs). Ts are typically bowling-bottle shaped with nucleus (TN) occupying its globose part, while Gs are typically banana- shaped.

Implementing national antimicrobial consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean: opportunities and lessons learned.

Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption (AMC) is essential to anticipate and inform policies and public health decisions to prevent and/or contain antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This manuscript shares the experience on AMC data collection in Latin American & Caribbean (LAC). The WHO GLASS-AMC methodology for AMC surveillance was used for data registration during the period 2019-2022.

Searching for the minimum required dose of daratumumab to induce effective plasma cell depletion in antibody-mediated rejection of the kidney graft: a case report.

There is no established treatment for late or chronic antibody-mediated rejection of a kidney graft. Rituximab-based treatment is not effective, since long-lived high-affinity plasma cells do not express CD20 and do not depend on previous maturation steps to generate donor-specific antibodies. Conversely, daratumumab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, directly targets plasma cells, with proven efficacy in multiple myeloma.

Experimental evaluation of DC-DC buck converter based on adaptive fuzzy fast terminal synergetic controller.

This study suggests an enhanced version of the adaptive fuzzy fast terminal synergetic controller (AF-FTSC) for controlling the uncertain DC/DC buck converter based on the synergetic theory of control (STC) and newly developed terminal attractor technique (TAT). The benefits of the proposed SC algorithm involve the features of finite-time convergence, unaffected by parameter variations, and chattering-free phenomenon. A type-1 fuzzy logic system (T1-FLS) make the considered controller more robust and is utilized to estimate the undefined converter nonlinear dynamics without resorting to the usual linearization and simplifications of the converter model.

Dysregulated autoantibodies targeting AGTR1 are associated with the accumulation of COVID-19 symptoms.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents a wide spectrum of symptoms, the causes of which remain poorly understood. This study explored the associations between autoantibodies (AABs), particularly those targeting G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and renin‒angiotensin system (RAS) molecules, and the clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Using a cross-sectional analysis of 244 individuals, we applied multivariate analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and multinomial regression to examine the relationships between AAB levels and key symptoms.

Global evidence on the prevalence of and risk factors associated with stress.

Background: Stress is a major public health issue linked to physical and mental health disorders, economic burdens, and social challenges. Understanding its prevalence and determinants across demographic and economic groups is essential for effective intervention.

Methods: This study uses data from the Gallup World Poll, with over 300,000 participants across 131 countries.

Perspective: Can growth monitoring and promotion accurately diagnose or screen for inadequate growth of individual children? A critical review of the epidemiological foundations.

Growth monitoring and promotion (GMP), the process of periodic anthropometric measurements to assess the adequacy of individual child growth, is implemented across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The epidemiological foundations of GMP (i.e.

Tartaric acid, an effective additive to improve the surface properties and bio-corrosion resistance of HA-coated magnesium-based implants.

In this research, tartaric acid was used to enhance the hydroxyapatite coating on AZ31 Mg alloy substrate through post-treatment and direct addition methods, and the corrosion resistance and biological activity of the samples were investigated. The parameters of concentration, immersion time, and pH of the coating solution were optimized by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Direct Current (DC) Polarization techniques. According to EIS results in the post-treatment method, tartaric acid with a concentration of 1 g/L, pH = 9 and immersion time of 2 min, increased the corrosion resistance of hydroxyapatite coating from 3630 to about 18,763 Ω.

Intestinal barrier function, caecal microbiota and growth performance of thermoneutral or heat stressed broiler chickens fed reduced crude protein diets supplemented with guanidinoacetic acid.

The effectiveness of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) in reduced protein (RP) diets on performance and gut health of broilers under heat stress is largely unknown. A 35-d experiment was conducted using four dietary treatments: a standard protein diet (SP, 22.1 and 20.

Trastuzumab deruxtecan in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer brain metastases: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis.

Background: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has shown promising activity in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) and central nervous system (CNS) involvement. In this updated meta-analysis, we explore the effectiveness of T-DXd in a large subset of patients with HER2-positive BC and CNS disease.

Methods: A systematic search was made on September 16th, 2024, for studies investigating T-DXd in the scenario of HER2-positive BC and brain metastases (BMs) and/or leptomeningeal disease (LMD).

Comparative Safety of Istradefylline Among Parkinson Disease Adjunctive Therapies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies.

Introduction: Adjunctive therapies to treat OFF episodes resulting from long-term levodopa treatment in Parkinson disease (PD) are hampered by safety and tolerability issues. Istradefylline offers an alternative mechanism (adenosine A2A receptor antagonist) and therefore potentially improved tolerability.

Methods: A systematic review of PD adjuncts published in 2011 was updated to include randomized controlled trials published from January 1, 2010-April 15, 2019.

Effectiveness of Synchronous Postdischarge Contacts on Health Care Use and Patient Satisfaction : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Postdischarge contacts (PDCs) after hospitalization are common practice, but their effectiveness in reducing use of acute care after discharge remains unclear.

Purpose: To assess the effects of PDC on 30-day emergency department (ED) visits, 30-day hospital readmissions, and patient satisfaction.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL searched from 2012 to 25 May 2023.

Tenecteplase for the Treatment of Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke: A Safety Surveillance Report.

Objectives: Intravenous tenecteplase (TNK) is increasingly used to treat adult patients with acute arterial ischemic stroke, but the risk profile of TNK in childhood stroke is unknown. This study aims to prospectively gather safety data regarding TNK administration in children.

Methods: Since December 2023, a monthly email survey was sent to participants recruited from the International Pediatric Stroke Study and Pediatric Neurocritical Care Research Group querying recent experience with TNK in childhood stroke.

Floodplain forests drive fruit-eating fish diversity at the Amazon Basin-scale.

Unlike most rivers globally, nearly all lowland Amazonian rivers have unregulated flow, supporting seasonally flooded floodplain forests. Floodplain forests harbor a unique tree species assemblage adapted to flooding and specialized fauna, including fruit-eating fish that migrate seasonally into floodplains, favoring expansive floodplain areas. Frugivorous fish are forest-dependent fauna critical to forest regeneration via seed dispersal and support commercial and artisanal fisheries.

Hydrated cable bacteria exhibit protonic conductivity over long distances.

This study presents the direct measurement of proton transport along filamentous , or cable bacteria. Cable bacteria are filamentous multicellular microorganisms that have garnered much interest due to their ability to serve as electrical conduits, transferring electrons over several millimeters. Our results indicate that cable bacteria can also function as protonic conduits because they contain proton wires that transport protons at distances >100 µm.

Community health worker and caregiver experiences and perceptions of a multimodal handheld pulse oximeter used in sick child consultations in rural Burundi: A qualitative evaluation.

Community Health Workers (CHWs) in low- and middle-income countries are essential in providing primary health care to remote communities. However, due to limited diagnostic tools, CHWs often struggle to correctly identify childhood illnesses, especially pneumonia. We conducted a prospective pilot study and used qualitative research methods to evaluate acceptability and feasibility of a multimodal pulse oximeter used by CHWs during their integrated community case management (iCCM) of childhood illness consultations in rural Burundi.

Controllable -Polarized Spin Current in Artificially Structured Ferromagnetic Oxide with Strong Spin-Orbit Coupling.

Realizing field-free switching of perpendicular magnetization by spin-orbit torques is crucial for developing advanced magnetic memory and logic devices. However, existing methods often involve complex designs or hybrid approaches, which complicate fabrication and affect device stability and scalability. Here, we propose a novel approach using -polarized spin currents for deterministic switching of perpendicular magnetization through interfacial engineering.

Development of the First-in-Class FEM1B-Recruiting Histone Deacetylase Degraders.

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) represents a promising alternative to conventional occupancy-driven protein inhibition. Despite the existence of more than 600 E3 ligases in the human proteome, so far only a few have been utilized for TPD of histone deacetylases (HDACs), which represent important epigenetic anticancer drug targets. In this study, we disclose the first-in-class Fem-1 homologue B (FEM1B)-recruiting HDAC degraders.

Six-Month Outcomes in the Long-Term Outcomes After the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Study.

Importance: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening complication of COVID-19 infection. Data on midterm outcomes are limited.

Objective: To characterize the frequency and time course of cardiac dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <55%), coronary artery aneurysms (z score ≥2.