Intraoperative Anesthetic Care During Emergent/Urgent Craniotomy or Craniectomy for Intracranial Hypertension or Herniation: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to identify and describe best practice for the intraoperative anesthetic management of patients undergoing emergent/urgent decompressive craniotomy or craniectomy for any indication. The PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles related to urgent/emergent craniotomy/craniectomy for intracranial hypertension or brain herniation. Only articles focusing on intraoperative anesthetic management were included; those investigating surgical or intensive care unit management were excluded.

How and why funders support engaged research.

Research that better aligns policy, practice, and research communities is gaining momentum around the world. This includes engaged research strategies that bring partners, and their diverse perspectives and kinds of knowledge, together to shape research agendas with on-the-ground-needs and to create dynamic problem-solving processes. These approaches aim to generate more equitable and effective solutions to societal challenges.

Focused Investigation of Facial Nerve Dysfunction After Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis for Robin Sequence.

Facial nerve dysfunction (FND) is a well-recognized but poorly documented complication of mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) for Robin sequence (RS). This study aims to document the authors' experiences with FND and identify risk factors associated with this adverse event. A retrospective review of a prospectively gathered database was performed to identify patients with RS who underwent MDO at the authors' institution from March 2016 to June 2023.

The Impact of Leadership Training on Burnout and Fulfillment Among Direct Reports.

Goal: Burnout, decreased professional fulfillment, and resultant attrition across the medical professions are increasingly recognized as threats to sustainable and cost-effective healthcare delivery. While the skill level of leaders as perceived by their direct reports has been correlated with rates of burnout and fulfillment, no studies, to our knowledge, have directly evaluated whether intervention via leadership training impacts burnout and fulfillment among direct reports. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a leadership training intervention on direct reports' perceptions of the leadership skills of supervising residents and subsequently on the well-being of the direct reports.

Causal relationship between immune cells and heart failure: A Mendelian randomization study.

This study aimed to evaluate the causal effects of different immune cells on heart failure (HF) using Mendelian randomization (MR). Datasets for immune cell phenotypes and HF were obtained from European Bioinformatics Institute and FinnGen. Then, single nucleotide polymorphisms were screened according to the basic assumptions of MR.

Skin-Integrated Electrogenetic Regulation of Vasculature for Accelerated Wound Healing.

Neo-vascularization plays a key role in achieving long-term viability of engineered cells contained in medical implants used in precision medicine. Moreover, strategies to promote neo-vascularization around medical implants may also be useful to promote the healing of deep wounds. In this context, a biocompatible, electroconductive borophene-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) 3D platform is developed, which is called VOLT, to support designer cells engineered with a direct-current (DC) voltage-controlled gene circuit that drives secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA).

High-throughput design of a light and strong refractory eutectic medium entropy alloy with outstanding He-ion irradiation resistance.

Light, strong, and radiation-tolerant materials are essential for advanced nuclear systems and aerospace applications. However, the comprehensive properties of current radiation-tolerant materials are far from being satisfactory in harsh operating environments. In this study, a high-throughput-designed NbVTaSi refractory eutectic medium entropy alloy realizes the controllable formation of the β-NbSi phase with a high content and has outstanding comprehensive properties, i.

Multiomics dissection of human RAG deficiency reveals distinctive patterns of immune dysregulation but a common inflammatory signature.

Human recombination-activating gene (RAG) deficiency can manifest with distinct clinical and immunological phenotypes. By applying a multiomics approach to a large group of -mutated patients, we aimed at characterizing the immunopathology associated with each phenotype. Although defective T and B cell development is common to all phenotypes, patients with hypomorphic variants can generate T and B cells with signatures of immune dysregulation and produce autoantibodies to a broad range of self-antigens, including type I interferons.

Cystatin A promotes the antitumor activity of T helper type 1 cells and dendritic cells in murine models of pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a disease with poor prognosis due to diagnostic and therapeutic limitations. We previously identified cystatin A (CSTA) as a PDAC biomarker and have conducted the present study to investigate the antitumor effects of CSTA. PDAC murine models were established with genetically modified PAN02 tumor cell lines to evaluate the antitumor immune response.

Previous short-term disuse dictates muscle gene expression and physiological adaptations to subsequent resistance exercise.

Short-term unloading experienced following injury or hospitalisation induces muscle atrophy and weakness. The effects of exercise following unloading have been scarcely investigated. We investigated the functional and molecular adaptations to a resistance training (RT) programme following short-term unloading.

Senolytic agent ABT-263 mitigates low- and high-LET radiation-induced gastrointestinal cancer development in mice.

Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), both low-LET (e.g., X-rays, γ rays) and high-LET (e.

Long-Term Safety and Efficacy with Roflumilast Cream 0.15% in Patients Aged ≥6 Years with Atopic Dermatitis: A Phase 3 Open-Label Extension Trial.

Safety and efficacy of roflumilast cream 0.15% for atopic dermatitis (AD) were demonstrated in two 4-week phase 3 trials. Evaluate long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of roflumilast cream 0.

Patient- and clinician-based evaluation of large language models for patient education in prostate cancer radiotherapy.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of large language models (LLMs) for providing patient education for men undergoing radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer, incorporating assessments from both clinicians and patients.

Methods: Six questions about definitive radiotherapy for prostate cancer were designed based on common patient inquiries. These questions were presented to different LLMs [ChatGPT‑4, ChatGPT-4o (both OpenAI Inc.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Children with Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septum: Mortality and Associated Outcomes.

Data on outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are limited in patients with pulmonary atresia intact ventricular septum (PAIVS). The objective of this study was to describe the use of ECMO and the associated outcomes in patients with PAIVS. We retrospectively reviewed neonates with PAIVS who received ECMO between 2009 and 2019 in 19 US hospitals affiliated with the Collaborative Research for the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society (CoRe-PCICS).

Vaccine Specifically for Immunocompromised Individuals against Superbugs.

Immunocompromised populations, including cancer patients, elderly individuals, and those with chronic diseases, are the primary targets of superbugs. Traditional vaccines are less effective due to insufficient or impaired immune cells. Inspired by the "vanguard" effect of neutrophils (NE) during natural infection, this project leverages the ability of NE to initiate the NETosis program to recruit monocytes and DC cells, designing vaccines that can rapidly recruit immune cells and enhance the immune response.

External DC Shocks of Symptomatic Supraventricular Tachycardia during Screw-In Leadless Pacemaker Implant: A Case Report.

We present the case of a 64-year-old man who, during the implantation of an active-fixation leadless pacemaker (LP, Aveir VR, Abbott, USA), underwent several external defibrillation shocks up to 240 Joules, due to symptomatic sustained supraventricular tachycardia at 160 bpm. The shocks, delivered both before and after the screwing of the device in the low interventricular septum, did not cause any technical damage to the device, and no complications were observed. The device was then deployed successfully.

Host cell lectins ASGR1 and DC-SIGN jointly with TMEM106B confer ACE2 independence and imdevimab resistance to SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus with spike mutation E484D.

The naturally occurring mutation E484D in the spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can render viral entry ACE2 independent and imdevimab resistant. Here, we investigated whether the cellular proteins ASGR1, DC-SIGN, and TMEM106B, which interact with the viral S protein, can contribute to these processes. Employing S protein-pseudotyped particles, we found that expression of ASGR1 or DC-SIGN jointly with TMEM106B allowed for robust entry of mutant E484D into otherwise non-susceptible cells, while this effect was not observed upon separate expression of the single proteins and upon infection with SARS-CoV-2 wild type (WT).

Spin Glass State and Griffiths Phase in van der Waals Ferromagnetic Material FeGeTe.

The discovery of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals ferromagnetic materials opens up new avenues for making devices with high information storage density, ultra-fast response, high integration, and low power consumption. FeGeTe has attracted much attention because of its ferromagnetic transition temperature near room temperature. However, the investigation of its phase transition is rare until now.

Parkinson's Disease and Caregiving Roles, Demands, and Support Needs and Experiences: A Scoping Review.

A public health priority is the increasing number of persons with Parkinson's disease (PwP), and the need to provide them with support. We sought to synthesize the experiences of relatives or friends-family caregivers-who provide such support. This study was a scoping literature review modeled by the PRISMA guidelines.

Applying Results of Extended Genotyping to Management of Positive Cervicovaginal Human Papillomavirus Test Results: Enduring Guidelines.

Objective: The Enduring Consensus Cervical Cancer Screening and Management Guidelines Committee developed recommendations for the use of extended genotyping results in cervical cancer prevention programs.

Methods: Risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse were calculated using data obtained with the Onclarity HPV Assay from large cohorts. Management recommendations were based on clinical action thresholds developed for the 2019 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines.

Simplified Jaw Functional Limitation Scale for Temporomandibular Disorders: Psychometric Evaluation.

Objective: This study aimed to simplify the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS) and evaluate its reliability and validity in assessing jaw function in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in primary care.

Methods: TMD patients and non-TMD participants were assessed using Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Demographic data and the 8-item JFLS questionnaire were collected to quantify jaw functional restriction.

Celiac trunk angiography with balloon occlusion of splenic artery for diagnosis and treatment of splenic steal syndrome.

Splenic steal syndrome (SSS) post liver transplant is a potential cause of graft dysfunction in the setting of peripheral hepatic arterial bed resistance and redirection of blood flow to a dominant splenic artery resulting in reduction of hepatic arterial inflow. We report utilization of balloon occlusion of the proximal splenic artery as an objective measure to confirm the diagnosis of SSS in a patient with orthotopic liver transplant followed by successful treatment with proximal splenic artery embolization using Gelfoam and Amplatzer vascular plug. Written informed consent for the publication of this case report was obtained from the patient.

Trajectories and patterns of US counties' policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: A sequence analysis approach.

Background: It is increasingly recognized that policies played a role in mitigating or exacerbating health inequities during the COVID-19 pandemic. While US counties were particularly active in policymaking, limited work has characterized geographic and temporal variation in pandemic-era policymaking at the local level, a prerequisite for later studies examining the health effects of these policies. This paper fills this gap by characterizing county-level COVID-19-related policy trajectories over time using a novel national policy database and innovative methods.

Superior Nasal Septal Deviation as a Contributing Factor for Dacryocystitis.

Background Dacryocystitis (DC) is a disease most often caused by an obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct, leading to over-accumulation of tears in the lacrimal sac, epiphora, and aseptic inflammation. External and endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) aims to restore the tear pathway by creating a bypass from the lacrimal sac to the nose. The aim of this study is to investigate superior nasal septal deviation as a possible contributing factor in the incidence and treatment of dacryocystitis.