Comprehensive Review on the Degradation Chemistry and Toxicity Studies of Functional Materials.

In recent decades there has been growing interest of material chemists in the successful development of functional materials for drug delivery, tissue engineering, imaging, diagnosis, theranostic, and other biomedical applications with advanced nanotechnology tools. The efficacy and safety of functional materials are determined by their pharmacological, toxicological, and immunogenic effects. It is essential to consider all degradation pathways of functional materials and to assess plausible intermediates and final products for quality control.

Managing Type 1 Diabetes from Gynecological Waste: Trash to Treasure.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), an autoimmune disease, involves the destruction of pancreatic β cells. β cells maintain glucose homeostasis by identifying blood glucose and accordingly releasing insulin to maintain normal physiologic glucose levels. Human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) cells pose a lesser risk of viral contamination due to low placental transmission during prenatal life.

Herbal-Based Dressings in Wound Management.

Wound management is one of the major global challenges in recent times, and woundassociated infection has a significant impact on the healthcare economy worldwide. Wounds can be acute or chronic type, also diabetic, trauma, accidental, burn wounds and minor cuts, bruises, and rashes, etc. One of the primary treatment options available in these conditions are the use of suitable dressing materials to cover the wound and accelerate the healing process.

In-silico Screening of Phytoconstituents on Wound Healing Targets - Approaches and Current Status.

Over recent years, there has been tremendous research focused on the effective utilization of natural products in wound management. Natural or herbal products contain several phytoconstituents that may act on various stages in wound healing and thereby provide a multi-targeted approach especially in the treatment of chronic wounds. Currently, attempts have been made to screen the phytoconstituents present in herbs on various targets involved in wound healing.

COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in India: State of the nation and priorities for research.

Background: Few COVID-19 vaccines were anticipated in India in early 2021. However, little was known about COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among the public. We conducted a nationwide study to understand the public's perception about COVID-19 vaccines in December 2020.

TGR5 agonists for diabetes treatment: a patent review and clinical advancements (2012-present).

Introduction: A cell surface bile acid receptor TGR5 is expressed in various tissues, including the liver, kidney, intestine, and adrenal glands, causing its effect in each tissue to differ. A major role for TGR5 is to maintain blood sugar levels and increase in energy expenditure. These benefits make it a potential candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases.

Development and Characterization of Conducting-Polymer-Based Hydrogel Dressing for Wound Healing.

Objectives: Normal and chronic wound healing is a global challenge. Electrotherapy has emerged as a novel and efficient technique for treating such wounds in recent decades. Hydrogel applied to the wound to uniformly distribute the electric current is an important component in wound healing electrotherapy.

Analytical Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Determination of Simvastatin and Mupirocin Using Reverse-Phase High-pressure Liquid Chromatographic Method.

Objectives: This study was aimed to develop and validate the use of reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of simvastatin (SIM) and mupirocin (MUP) simultaneously.

Materials And Methods: The chromatographic method developed is optimized for flow rate with the column, solvent, and buffer used and mobile phase ratio, molarity, and pH. The validation of the optimized method and the forced degradation studies of both drugs (under acidic, alkaline, oxidation, heat, light, and neutral conditions) were conducted following the The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines.

Mycobacterium enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA): A key target for antitubercular drug discovery.

Enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) is a key enzyme involved in fatty acid synthesis mainly mycolic acid biosynthesis that is a part of NADH dependent acyl carrier protein reductase family. The aim of the present literature is to underline the different scaffolds or enzyme inhibitors that inhibit mycolic acid biosynthesis mainly cell wall synthesis by inhibiting enzyme InhA. Various scaffolds were identified based on the screening technologies like high throughput screening, encoded library technology, fragment-based screening.

Herbal Oils for Treatment of Chronic and Diabetic Wounds: A Systematic Review.

Background: In the present scenario, diabetes is a growing health challenge, and its occurrence is growing across the globe. Diabetes, with its complications like diabetic wounds, vasculopathy, neuropathy, wound infections, and oxidative stress, is a serious cause of mortality worldwide.

Introduction: Among the various complications, treatment of diabetic foot and ulcers is one of the major concerns in patients who are suffering from diabetes.

Development of Polylactic Acid and Bovine Serum Albumin-layered-coated Chitosan Microneedles Using Novel Bees Wax Mould.

Objectives: This work illustrates a novel method of fabrication of polymeric microneedle (MN) construct using bees wax as mould and development of coated polymeric MNs for drug delivery.

Materials And Methods: A novel method of MN fabrication using bees wax as mould was established. The porous chitosan MN arrays were fabricated and coated with polylactic acid (PLA).

Herb-drug interactions in diabetes mellitus: A review based on pre-clinical and clinical data.

Global diabetes epidemic is the major cause of fatality and lethality. As per IDF 2019 report, diabetes caused 4.2 million deaths, approximately 463 million people are living with diabetes and by 2045, this will rise to 700 million.

Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel enzalutamide analogues as potential anticancer agents.

The androgen receptor inhibitor, Enzalutamide, proved effective against castration resistance prostate cancer, has demonstrated clinical benefits and increased survival rate in men. However, AR mutation (F876L) converts Enzalutamide from antagonist to agonist indicating a rapid evolution of resistance. Hence, our goal is to overcome this resistance mechanism by designing and developing novel Enzalutamide analogues.

Development of Carbamazepine Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Loaded Thermosensitive Gel for Intranasal Delivery.

The present research work was designed to formulate and evaluate carbamazepine (CBZ) loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) based gel for nasal delivery. The NLC formulation of CBZ was prepared by microemulsion technique followed by probe sonication and evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug diffusion. NLC formulation was incorporated into gelling formulation using poloxamer 407 (P407), poloxamer 188 (P188) and mucoadhesive polymer.

Polyvaccine: joining the links in the cascade of type 1 diabetes.

The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), an autoimmune disorder, has ascended considerably with around 98,200 and 15,900 incidents in children below 15 years of age, globally and in India, respectively. This is typically due to environmental changes leading to genetic modifications. Also, T1DM encompasses the presence of autoantigens and many other etiologies which can be targeted by proper immunization.

Antidiabetics Interactions with Herbs: A Compressive Review.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness with a variety of causes and pathophysiology. For the management of diabetes, various synthetic antidiabetic drugs are available. Still, people prefer complementary and alternative therapies as well as traditional herbal home remedies because they are perceived to be free of side effects and generally recognized as safe due to their natural origin.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Herb-Drug Interaction of Piperine with Atorvastatin in Rats.

Herbals that are widely consumed as therapeutic alternatives to conventional drugs for cardiovascular diseases, may lead to herb-drug interactions (HDIs). Atorvastatin (ATR) is drug of choice for hyperlipidemia and is extensively metabolized through CYP3A4 enzyme. Thus, we postulate that concomitant administration of ATR with piperine (PIP, potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 enzyme)/ridayarishta (RID, cardiotonic herbal formulations containing PIP) may lead to potential HDI.

Poloxamer Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles for Vaginal Delivery of Acyclovir.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to design a surface modified chitosan nanoparticle system for vaginal delivery of acyclovir for effective drug uptake into vaginal mucosa.

Methods: Acyclovir-loaded chitosan nanoparticles, with and without modification by poloxamer 407, were prepared by ionic gelation method. The effects of two independent variables, chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio (X1) and acyclovir concentration (X2), on drug entrapment in nanoparticles were studied using 32 full factorial design.

Novel Targets for Antimicrobials.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the phenomenon developed by microorganism on exposure to antimicrobial agents, making them unresponsive. Development of microbial confrontation is a severe rising risk to global community well-being as treatment in addition, management of such resistant microbial infections is difficult and challenging. The situation requires action across all government sectors and society.

Application of Carbon Nanotubes In Drug Delivery of Non-cancerous Diseases: A Review.

Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) are the allotropes of carbon in nanosize dimension and are popular in medicinal field. These nano-based technologies are gaining high interest in the recent years for the treatment of diseases that are previously considered to be impossible to cure. CNTs have gained significance in the treatment of the majority of disorders such as Malaria, Alzheimer's disease, Infectious disease, and Asthma.

Emendation of autophagic dysfuction in neurological disorders: a potential therapeutic target.

Background: Neurological disorders have been continuously contributing to the global disease burden and affect millions of people worldwide. Researchers strive hard to extract out the ultimate cure and serve for the betterment of the society, and yet the treatments available provide only symptomatic relief. Aging and abnormal mutations seem to be the major culprits responsible for neurotoxicity and neuronal death.

Treat liver to beat diabetes.

Management of Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) with existing strategies of life style and pharmaceutical interventions has gained limited success as evidenced by its uncontrolled progression. Two key organs which are involved in pathophysiology of T2DM are liver and pancreas, both are the derivatives of endoderm with common precursor. In the invertebrates, hepatopancreas performs function of both liver and pancreas.

Understanding and implementing alternative solutions to address the COVID-19 pandemic in the sense of public health emergencies.

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has spread from China and quickly transmitted to most other countries around the world. The World Health Organization announced COVID-19 as a pandemic that is spreading steadily and soon in most states. Coronavirus genomic characterization showed that it most closely resembled another bat-origin beta-coronavirus.