Evaluating Biases and Quality Issues in Intermodality Image Translation Studies for Neuroradiology: A Systematic Review.

Background: Intermodality image-to-image translation is an artificial intelligence technique for generating one technique from another.

Purpose: This review was designed to systematically identify and quantify biases and quality issues preventing validation and clinical application of artificial intelligence models for intermodality image-to-image translation of brain imaging.

Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore were searched through August 2, 2023, for artificial intelligence-based image translation models of radiologic brain images.

Phosphorus Nitride Imide Nanotubes for Uranium Capture from Seawater.

Nuclear power plays a pivotal role in the global energy supply. The adsorption-based extraction of uranium from seawater is crucial for the rapid advancement of nuclear power. The phosphorus nitride imide (PN) nanotubes were synthesized in this study using a solvothermal method, resulting in chemically stable cross-linked tubular hollow structures that draw inspiration from the intricate snowflake fractal pattern.

ATP13A3 variants promote pulmonary arterial hypertension by disrupting polyamine transport.

Aims: Potential loss-of-function variants of ATP13A3, the gene encoding a P5B-type transport ATPase of undefined function, were recently identified in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). ATP13A3 is implicated in polyamine transport but its function has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we sought to determine the biological function of ATP13A3 in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and how PAH-associated variants may contribute to disease pathogenesis.

Ultrasound-based predictive indicators for treatment outcomes in pediatric vesicoureteral reflux.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative ultrasound (US) measurements in predicting pediatric vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) treatment outcomes.

Methods: This prospective study enrolled 35 patients (53 renal units) aged 1-16 years who underwent subureteric injection therapy for primary VUR between July 2020 and June 2022. Preoperative ultrasound examinations measured the bladder wall thickness at the ureteral orifice, ureteral submucosal tunnel length, distal ureteral diameter, patient demographics, VUR grade, presenting complaints, bladder-bowel dysfunction, and renal scarring, and the impact of these variables on treatment success was analyzed.

Evaluation of four computed tomography reconstruction algorithms using a coronary artery phantom.

Background: Despite advancements in coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA), challenges in positive predictive value and specificity remain due to limited spatial resolution. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the effect of 2nd generation deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) on the quantitative and qualitative image quality in coronary CTA.

Methods: A vessel model with stepwise non-calcified plaque was scanned using 320-detector CT.

Comparison of the efficacy of propranolol versus amitriptyline as monotherapy for prophylaxis of migraine.

Background: Approximately 15% of migraine sufferers need preventative medicine because they have more than two episodes each month. Migraine is a regular, persistent condition that frequently makes victims helpless. Numerous drugs from various classes have so far been used in migraine prophylaxis.

Long-Term Outcomes in Two-Year Follow-Up after Primary Treatment in Patients with a Prior Venous Thromboembolic Event: A Prospective, Observational, Real-Life Study.

Background: Patients with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) need anticoagulation (AC) therapy for at least 3/6 months (primary treatment); after that period, they should receive a decision on the duration of therapy.

Methods: This study examined the complications occurring during two years of follow-up (FU) in patients with a first VTE who were recruited in 20 clinical centers and had discontinued or prolonged AC. They were included in the START2-POST-VTE prospective observational study.

TABERNACL: Temporary Hemodynamic Stabilization In Vivo.

Background: Acute aortic regurgitation is life-threatening with few nonsurgical options for immediate stabilization. We propose Trans-Aortic Balloon to Ease Regurgitation Applying Counter-Pulsation (TABERNACL), a simple, on-table temporary valve using commercially available equipment to temporize acute severe aortic regurgitation.

Methods: We hypothesize that an appropriately sized commercial balloon dilatation catheter-straddling the aortic annulus and connected to a counterpulsation console-can serve as a temporizing valve to restore hemodynamic stability in acute aortic regurgitation.

Deep Learning-based Approach for Brainstem and Ventricular MR Planimetry: Application in Patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy.

Purpose To develop a fast and fully automated deep learning (DL)-based method for the MRI planimetric segmentation and measurement of the brainstem and ventricular structures most affected in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, T1-weighted MR images in healthy controls ( = 84) were used to train DL models for segmenting the midbrain, pons, middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP), superior cerebellar peduncle (SCP), third ventricle, and frontal horns (FHs). Internal, external, and clinical test datasets ( = 305) were used to assess segmentation model reliability.

Interlayer manipulation of bio-inspired TiCT nanocontainer through intercalation of amino acid molecules to dramatically boosting uranyl hijacking capability from seawater.

More than 4.5 billion tons of unconventional uranium resources [UO(CO)] are uniformly dissolved in seawater, providing a sustainable and abundant fuel source for the development of nuclear energy. Herein, we presented a rational design and development of TiCT nanocontainer inspired by the exceptional selectivity and affinity exhibited by superb-uranyl proteins through amino acid intercalation.

Real-time monitoring of riboflavin concentration using different clinically available ophthalmic formulations for epi-off and epi-on corneal cross-linking.

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of theranostics to determine the riboflavin concentration in the cornea using clinically available ophthalmic formulations during epithelium-off (epi-off) and transepithelial (epi-on) corneal cross-linking procedures.

Methods: Thirty-two eye bank human donor corneas were equally randomized in eight groups; groups 1 to 3 and groups 4 to 8 underwent epi-off and epi-on delivery of riboflavin respectively. Riboflavin ophthalmic solutions were applied onto the cornea according to the manufacturers' instructions.

Comprehensive study on the differential extraction and comparison of bioactive health potential of the Broccoli ().

Broccoli is a cruciferous vegetable that has been shown to have numerous potential therapeutic benefits because of its bioactive compounds. In this study, we compared the bioactive efficacy of cooked and uncooked (fresh) stems and florets of broccoli extracted with three different solvents: acetonitrile, methanol, and aqueous extracts. The extraction yield and antioxidant and antibacterial potential of different broccoli extracts were examined.

Substantial Burden of Nonmedically Attended RSV Infection in Healthy-Term Infants: An International Prospective Birth Cohort Study.

Background: During the first year of life, 1 in 4 infants develops a symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, yet only half seek medical attention. The current focus on medically attended RSV therefore underrepresents the true societal burden of RSV. We assessed the burden of nonmedically attended RSV infections and compared with medically attended RSV.

Altered EEG Patterns in Individuals with Disorganized Attachment: An EEG Microstates Study.

Over the past years, different studies provided preliminary evidence that Disorganized Attachment (DA) may have dysregulatory and disintegrative effects on both autonomic arousal regulation and brain connectivity. However, despite the clinical relevance of this construct, few studies have investigated the specific alterations underlying DA using electroencephalography (EEG). Thus, the main aim of the current study was to investigate EEG microstate parameters of DA in a non-clinical sample (N = 50) before (pre) and after (post) the administration of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI).

Indomethacin and 20-hydroxyecdysone influence protein expression in a Spodoptera frugiperda nervous system cell line.

Insecticide mode of action studies provide insights into how new insecticidal actives function and contribute to assessing safety to humans and nontarget organisms. Insect cell lines that express potential target sites can serve as valuable tools in this effort. In this paper, we report on the influence of two signaling molecules on protein expression in a nervous system cell line established from Spodoptera frugiperda (Bayer/BCIRL-SfNS2-0714-TR).

Cognitive and language outcomes for pediatric hearing loss with otologic surgery.

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that surgical otologic intervention for any type of pediatric hearing loss decreases the odds for incident adverse cognitive and linguistic developmental outcomes.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort database study.

Methods: Electronic medical record data from the TriNetX Research Network were queried for children with congenital, sensorineural, conductive, and mixed hearing loss (HL) between ages 0 and 5 years.

The identification of small molecule inhibitors with anthelmintic activities that target conserved proteins among ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes.

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections are a major concern for the ruminant industry worldwide and result in significant production losses. Naturally occurring polyparasitism and increasing drug resistance that potentiate disease outcomes are observed among the most prevalent GINs of veterinary importance. Within the five major taxonomic clades, clade Va represents a group of GINs that predominantly affect the abomasum or small intestine of ruminants.

A dense and U-shaped transformer with dual-domain multi-loss function for sparse-view CT reconstruction.

Objective: CT image reconstruction from sparse-view projections is an important imaging configuration for low-dose CT, as it can reduce radiation dose. However, the CT images reconstructed from sparse-view projections by traditional analytic algorithms suffer from severe sparse artifacts. Therefore, it is of great value to develop advanced methods to suppress these artifacts.

Characterization and RNA interference-mediated silencing of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase gene in Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae).

Dried fruit beetle, Carpophilus hemipterus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), is a serious pest of ripened fresh fruit in the orchard and dried fruit in postprocessing storage. Despite the economic impact and widespread distribution of C. hemipterus, there is a lack of functional genomics research seeking to elucidate features of molecular physiology for improved pest management.

Diffusion tensor imaging: survival analysis prediction in breast cancer patients.

Purpose: We aimed to explore the performance of diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) parameters in evaluating disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with invasive breast cancer.

Material And Methods: A total of 49 women with invasive breast cancer who were diagnosed between 2017 and 2022 were included. All patients underwent breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with DTI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) features, with examiners blinded to the clinical data.

Combination Insecticide Treatments with Methoprene and Pyrethrin for Control of Khapra Beetle Larvae on Different Commodities.

Everts, the khapra beetle, is a serious pest of stored products throughout the world. Larvae pose a significant threat to stored products because they feed on >100 different commodities, possess the ability to enter facultative diapause, and are difficult to detect. Control methods for include fumigation, contact insecticides, trapping, and insecticide-incorporated packaging.

Impact of congenital heart disease on personality disorders in adulthood.

Aims: Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) constitute an ever-growing patient population characterized by high risks for cardiovascular- and mental disorders. Personality disorders (PDs) are associated with adverse physical and mental health. Studies assessing PD prevalence in ACHD are lacking.

Metagenomes and metagenome-assembled genomes from fecal incubations of six unique donors.

We present a donor-specific collection of 78 metagenomes (13/donor) and 143 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), representing the gut microbiomes of six healthy adult human donors. In addition to adding to the catalog of publicly available human gut MAGs, this resource permits a genome-resolved look into microbial co-occurrence across six individuals.

Comparative study of 'the clinical profile of COVID-19-positive patients with and without vaccination profile'.

Background: More than 4.5 million people have perished from the COVID-19 virus, which has so far been linked to more than 200 million reported cases. Vaccination is an ultimatum for survival from this disease.