Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Recent evidence suggests that unawareness in Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum can be explained by a failure of the connections between brain regions involved in accessing and monitoring self and other information. It has been demonstrated that AD patients with anosognosia have reduced network connectivity in the default mode network (DMN); in addition, stronger connectivity of bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was showed to be associated with anosognosia in prodromal AD suggesting a possible role of this region in mechanisms of "adaptation" to anosognosia early in the disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that anosognosia in AD could be associated with an imbalance between the activity of the DMN and the salience network (SN) detectable using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Immunologic investigations into transgene directed immune-mediated myositis following delandistrogene moxeparvovec gene therapy.

Delandistrogene moxeparvovec is an rAAVrh74 vector-based gene transfer therapy that delivers a transgene encoding delandistrogene moxeparvovec micro-dystrophin, an engineered, functional form of dystrophin shown to stabilize or slow disease progression in DMD. It is approved in the US and in other select countries. Two serious adverse event cases of immune-mediated myositis (IMM) were reported in the phase Ib ENDEAVOR trial (NCT04626674).

Cost-effectiveness of AI for pediatric diabetic eye exams from a health system perspective.

Autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) for pediatric diabetic retinal disease (DRD) screening has demonstrated safety, effectiveness, and the potential to enhance health equity and clinician productivity. We examined the cost-effectiveness of an autonomous AI strategy versus a traditional eye care provider (ECP) strategy during the initial year of implementation from a health system perspective. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was the main outcome measure.

Machine learning-based analysis of microfluidic device immobilized C. elegans for automated developmental toxicity testing.

Developmental toxicity (DevTox) tests evaluate the adverse effects of chemical exposures on an organism's development. Although current testing primarily relies on large mammalian models, the emergence of new approach methodologies (NAMs) is encouraging industries and regulatory agencies to evaluate novel assays. C.

Targeting chromosomally unstable tumors with a selective KIF18A inhibitor.

Chromosome instability is a prevalent vulnerability of cancer cells that has yet to be fully exploited therapeutically. To identify genes uniquely essential to chromosomally unstable cells, we mined the Cancer Dependency Map for genes essential in tumor cells with high levels of copy number aberrations. We identify and validate KIF18A, a mitotic kinesin, as a vulnerability of chromosomally unstable cancer cells.

"Double-Gene" Small Molecule as Guest Component Promotes the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells Beyond 19.5.

Introduction of a guest component into the active layer is a simple yet effective approach to enhance the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Despite various guest components successfully employed in the OSCs, efficient guest components require deliberate design and ingenious inspiration, which still remains a big challenge for developing high performance OSCs. In this work, we propose a concept of "structural gene" engineering to create a new "double-gene" small molecule (L-DBDD) by simply combining the structures of both donor PM6 and acceptor L8-BO.

Automated Detection of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Using CT Imaging for Calculating the Ventricle-to-Subarachnoid Volume Ratio.

Background And Purpose: Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a diagnostic challenge because its clinical symptoms and imaging appearance resemble normal aging and other forms of dementia. Identifying NPH is essential so that patients can receive timely treatment to improve gait distortion and quality of life. An automated marker of NPH was developed and evaluated on clinical CT images, and its utility was assessed in a large patient cohort.

Longitudinal Changes in Medial Meniscal Extrusion After ACL Injury and Reconstruction and Its Relationship With Cartilage Degeneration Assessed Using MRI-Based T1ρ and T2 Analysis.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury often leads to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), despite ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Medial meniscal extrusion (MME) is implicated in PTOA progression but remains understudied after ACL injury and ACLR.

Hypothesis/purpose: It was hypothesized that MME would increase longitudinally after ACL injury and ACLR, with greater changes in the ipsilateral knee compared with the contralateral knee, leading to cartilage degeneration.

BRISC-Mediated PPM1B-K63 Deubiquitination and Subsequent TGF-β Pathway Activation Promote High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet-Induced Arterial Stiffness.

Background: Metabolic syndrome heightens cardiovascular disease risk primarily through increased arterial stiffness. We previously demonstrated the involvement of YAP (Yes-associated protein) in high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFHSD)-induced arterial stiffness via modulation of PPM1B (protein phosphatase Mg/Mn-dependent 1B)-lysine63 (K63) deubiquitination. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role and mechanisms underlying PPM1B deubiquitination in HFHSD-induced arterial stiffness.

A multiplex microarray lateral flow immunoassay device for simultaneous determination of five mycotoxins in rice.

Co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins is a growing global food safety concern due to their harmful effects on humans and animals. This study developed an eco-friendly sample preparation method and an innovative multiplex microarray-based lateral flow immunoassay, using a novel portable reader for on-site simultaneous determination of five regulated mycotoxins-aflatoxin B, T-2 toxin, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and fumonisin B in rice. The eco-friendly and ultrafast extraction procedure utilizes a bio-based solvent.

Donor-acceptor conjugated porous polymers from truxene and triazine: Effect of connecting units on photocatalytic activity for selective oxidation of amines and sulfides.

Donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers have been widely reported as promising photocatalysts for organic conversion. However, achieving excellent photocatalytic performance still relies on the rational design of molecular structures and the careful selection of appropriate building blocks. In this study, we designed two D-A type conjugated porous polymers (CPPs) using 2,7,12-tribromo-5,5,10,10,15,15-hexamethyl-10,15-dihydro-5H-diindeno[1,2-a:1',2'-c]fluorene (Tx) as the donor unit and two 1,3,5-triazine-based derivatives, namely 2,4,6-tri(thiophen-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (TTT) and 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (TPT), as the acceptor units.

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infections in Humans.

Background: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses have caused widespread infections in dairy cows and poultry in the United States, with sporadic human cases. We describe characteristics of human A(H5N1) cases identified from March through October 2024 in the United States.

Methods: We analyzed data from persons with laboratory-confirmed A(H5N1) virus infection using a standardized case-report form linked to laboratory results from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention influenza A/H5 subtyping kit.

Synthesis And Photovoltaic Performance of Carbazole (Donor) Based Photosensitizers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC): A Review.

Carbazoles are nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycles, having widespread applications in the field of photovoltaics. Carbazole-based photosensitizers have tunable features for absorption on semi-conductor (tellurium dioxide or zinc oxide) layers to create sufficient push-pull force in the conversion of sunlight into electrical energy, thus presenting as promising heterocyclic donor candidates to be used in dye-sensitized solar cells. For the synthesis of these dyes, various structural designs are available, namely, D-A, D-π-A, D-D-π-A, D-A-π-A, A-π-D-π-A-π-A, and D2-π-A that all involve incorporating carbazole as a donor (D), along with spacer (π-extender) moieties, such as thiophene, phenol, ethynylene, nitromethane, azine, thiadiazole, or acetonitrile.

Insights into total phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant activity of callus subculture frequency in rare endemic Ajuga xylorrhiza Kit Tan.

This study assessed the callus morphology, growth index, callus diameter, total antioxidant activity, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC) of callus extracts from Ajuga xylorrhiza, a severely endangered plant found in small populations in Türkiye. Calluses obtained from a total of 18 applications formed in culture media supplemented with Kin and 2,4-D at six ratios (A, B, C, D, E, and F) and their subcultures (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2, E1, E2, F1, and F2) were used for examination. Extracts A and D had a higher TFC than the other groups (27.

Alleviating batch effects in cell type deconvolution with SCCAF-D.

Cell type deconvolution methods can impute cell proportions from bulk transcriptomics data, revealing changes in disease progression or organ development. But benchmarking studies often use simulated bulk data from the same source as the reference, which limits its application scenarios. This study examines batch effects in deconvolution and introduces SCCAF-D, a computational workflow that ensures a Pearson Correlation Coefficient above 0.

Three-component diels-alder reaction through palladium carbene migratory insertion enabled dearomative C(sp)-H bond activation.

Owning to the versatile nature in participation of Diels-Alder (D-A) reactions, the development of efficient approaches to generate active ortho-quinodimethanes (o-QDMs) has gained much attention. However, a catalytic method involving coupling of two readily accessible components to construct o-QDMs is lacking. Herein, we describe a palladium carbene migratory insertion enabled dearomative C(sp)-H activation to form active o-QDM species through the cross-coupling of N-tosylhydrazones with aryl halides.

Small-angle scattering interferometry with neutron orbital angular momentum states.

Methods to prepare and characterize neutron helical waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) were recently demonstrated at small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) facilities. These methods enable access to the neutron orbital degree of freedom which provides new avenues of exploration in fundamental science experiments as well as in material characterization applications. However, it remains a challenge to recover phase profiles from SANS measurements.

Phase 1b/2 study of orally administered pexidartinib in combination with radiation therapy and temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) has a median survival of <2 years. Pexidartinib (PLX3397) is a small-molecule inhibitor of CSF1R, KIT, and oncogenic FTL3, which are implicated in GBM treatment resistance. Results from glioma models indicate that combining radiation therapy (RT) and pexidartinib reduces radiation resistance.

Seed tuber microbiome can predict growth potential of potato varieties.

Potato vigour, the growth potential of seed potatoes, is a key agronomic trait that varies significantly across production fields due to factors such as genetic background and environmental conditions. Seed tuber microbiomes are thought to influence plant health and crop performance, yet the precise relationships between microbiome composition and potato vigour remain unclear. Here we conducted microbiome sequencing on seed tuber eyes and heel ends from 6 potato varieties grown in 240 fields.