Quantification of training-induced alterations in body composition via automated machine learning analysis of MRI images in the thigh region: A pilot study in young females.

The maintenance of an appropriate ratio of body fat to muscle mass is essential for the preservation of health and performance, as excessive body fat is associated with an increased risk of various diseases. Accurate body composition assessment requires precise segmentation of structures. In this study we developed a novel automatic machine learning approach for volumetric segmentation and quantitative assessment of MRI volumes and investigated the efficacy of using a machine learning algorithm to assess muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and bone volume of the thigh before and after a strength training.

Long-Term Outcomes of Jugular Paragangliomas Undergoing Gamma Knife Radiosurgery: A Single Center Experience.

Background And Objectives: Jugular paragangliomas (JPG) pose a surgical challenge because of their vascularity and complex location. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) offers a minimally invasive management for patients with JPG. Our aim was to evaluate outcomes of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for the treatment of JPG over the long term.

Comparison of the incidence of recovery agitation with two different doses of ketamine in procedural sedation: A randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: The objective was to compare the incidence of recovery agitation and efficacy of two different intravenous (IV) doses of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg vs. 1 mg/kg) in adult patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) requiring procedural sedation with ketamine.

Exploring the Role of the Pharmacist in the Prevention and Management of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy in Ashanti Region, Ghana.

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDPs) are a leading cause of poor maternal and birth outcomes worldwide. Prompt management of these disorders is usually recommended to optimize outcomes. Administration of pharmacotherapeutic agents is critical in the prevention and management of these disorders.

Test-retest reliability of cardiopulmonary exercise test-derived metrics in individuals with COPD versus healthy controls.

Background: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is usually considered the gold standard for assessing maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O), a health and performance marker in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite the widespread application of CPET, the absolute and relative test-retest reliability of CPET-derived metrics remains unexamined.

Objective: To examine and compare test-retest reliability of CPET derived metrics in individuals with COPD and healthy matched controls.

Artificial intelligence-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging-based pre-operative staging in patients with endometrial cancer.

Objective: Evaluation of prognostic factors is crucial in patients with endometrial cancer for optimal treatment planning and prognosis assessment. This study proposes a deep learning pipeline for tumor and uterus segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images to predict deep myometrial invasion and cervical stroma invasion and thus assist clinicians in pre-operative workups.

Methods: Two experts consensually reviewed the MRIs and assessed myometrial invasion and cervical stromal invasion as per the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging classification, to compare the diagnostic performance of the model with the radiologic consensus.

Mitochondria-localized dinuclear iridium(III) complexes for two-photon photodynamic therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a non-invasive cancer treatment, offers significant advantages including high temporal-spatial selectivity, minimal surgical intervention, and low toxicity, thereby garnering considerable research interest from across the world. In this study, we have developed a series of dinuclear cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes as potential two-photon photodynamic anticancer agents. These Ir(III) complexes demonstrate significant two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-sections ( = 66-166 GM) and specifically target mitochondria.

Information needs in vascular access decision-making: A qualitative study of patient and clinical stakeholder perspectives.

Background: The information and decision support needs required to embed a patient-centred strategy are challenging, as several haemodialysis vascular access strategies are possible with significant differences in short- and long-term outcomes of potential treatment options. We aimed to explore and describe stakeholder perspectives on information needs when making decisions about vascular access (VA) for haemodialysis.

Methods: We performed thematic analysis of seven (six online, one in person) focus group discussions including transcripts, post-it phrases and text responses with 14 patients and 12 vascular access professionals (four nephrologists, three surgeons and five nurses - Vascular access nurse specialists/Education and dialysis nurses) who participated in at total of six online and one in person focus group.

Construction of an Artificially Intelligent Model for Accurate Detection of HCC by Integrating Clinical, Radiological, and Peripheral Immunological Features.

Background: Integrating comprehensive information on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is essential to improve its early detection. We aimed to develop a model with multi-modal features (MMF) using artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to enhance the performance of HCC detection.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1,092 participants were enrolled from 16 centers.

Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.

Background: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are handheld electronic vaping devices that produce an aerosol by heating an e-liquid. People who smoke, healthcare providers, and regulators want to know if ECs can help people quit smoking, and if they are safe to use for this purpose. This is a review update conducted as part of a living systematic review.

Endocrine alterations in patients with pachydermoperiostosis.

Context: Pachydermoperiostosis (primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, PHO) usually due to biallelic loss-of-function variants in HPGD and SLCO2A1, has some features overlapping with acromegaly and often referred to endocrinologists. A detailed endocrine assessment is not available for these patients.

Objective: To assess the genetic and endocrine characteristics of PHO patients referred to endocrine centres with a possible diagnosis of acromegaly.

The Impact of Surgeon Experience-Consultant Versus Supervised Trainees After Elective Infrarenal EVAR: Short-term to Mid-term Outcomes.

Introduction: Vascular trainees are required to have a comprehensive training program, encompassing the completion of clinical, surgical, and research tasks. To fulfill their surgical abilities and performance, sufficient supervised operating time is mandatory. After open vascular procedures, it has been observed that trainee involvement does not lead to detrimental outcomes.

Bots in white coats: are large language models the future of patient education? a multi-center cross-sectional analysis.

Objectives: Every year, around 300 million surgeries are conducted worldwide, with an estimated 4.2 million deaths occurring within 30 days after surgery. Adequate patient education is crucial, but often falls short due to the stress patients experience before surgery.

Extraversion and the Brain: A Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis of Functional Brain Imaging Studies on Positive Affect.

Objective: Extraversion is a fundamental personality dimension that contributes to an individual's overall health and well-being. Many studies have examined the neural bases of extraversion but these results are inconsistent. This study adopted a meta-analysis approach to examine the brain activity correlates of extraversion by incorporating functional neuroimaging studies in the context of positive affect/emotional stimuli.

Cross-cultural validation of plasma p-tau217 and p-tau181 as precision biomarkers for amyloid PET positivity: An East Asian study in Taiwan and Korea.

Introduction: Plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau) biomarkers have improved Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, but data from diverse Asian populations are limited. This study evaluated plasma p-tau217 and p-tau181 levels in Korean and Taiwanese populations.

Methods: All participants (n = 270) underwent amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and blood tests.

An analysis of the current status of geriatric oral disease treatment-a dental institutions-based perspective.

Background: This study aimed to investigate and analyze the current status of oral disease treatment among the older adult in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, while also assessing the continuing medical education (CME) needs of dental institution personnel regarding oral diseases in this population.

Methods: Convenience sampling was used to investigate the oral disease treatment among older adults and to assess CME needs of dental institution personnel regarding oral diseases in this population across various oral medical and health institutions in Guangxi.

Results: A total of 754 valid questionnaires were collected, of which 70.

Exploring the influencing factors of patients sending red packets and the necessity of doctor-patient red packet agreements.

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of inpatients giving red packets to doctors and explore the necessity of doctor-patient red packet agreements.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among inpatients and their families who were hospitalized in several hospitals in Chengdu from January to June 2023. The survey asked about the patients' (or their families') attitudes and opinions on whether it was necessary to give red packets to doctors during hospitalization.

The impact of temporal distribution on fear extinction learning.

Fear extinction is the foundation of exposure therapy for anxiety and phobias. However, the stability of extinction memory diminishes over time, coinciding with fear recovery. To augment long-term extinction retention, the temporal distribution of extinction learning sessions is critical.

The association between working hours and working type with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: results from the NHANES 1999-2014.

Background: Previous research has indicated that long working hours are connected to a variety of health conditions, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, this association which has been observed in more population is limited. Our research is designed to evaluate the association between working hours, working type, and NAFLD.

Surface immobilization of single atoms on heteroatom-doped carbon nanospheres through phenolic-mediated interfacial anchoring for highly efficient biocatalysis.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) dispersed on support materials exhibit exceptional catalytic properties that can be fine-tuned through interactions between the single atoms and the support. However, selectively controlling the spatial location of single metal atoms while simultaneously harmonizing their coordination environment remains a significant challenge. Here, we present a phenolic-mediated interfacial anchoring (PIA) strategy to prepare SACs with Fe single atoms anchored on the surface of heteroatom-doped carbon nanospheres.

Case report: Movement-related neuroplasticity in a patient after spinal cord injury in response to task-oriented bimanual training.

Background: Bimanual motor training is an effective neurological rehabilitation strategy. However, its use has rarely been investigated in patients with paralysis caused by spinal cord injury (SCI). Therefore, we conducted a case study to investigate the effects of robot-assisted task-oriented bimanual training (RBMT) on upper limb function, activities of daily living, and movement-related sensorimotor activity in a patient with SCI.

Effective and Engaging Active Learning in the Medical School Classroom: Lessons from Case-Based Collaborative Learning.

Large group collaborative teaching approaches are rapidly gaining popularity in undergraduate medical education. The case-based collaborative Learning (CBCL) pedagogy was instituted for pre-clerkship teaching at Harvard Medical School in 2015 with subsequent implementation at other medical schools. CBCL emphasizes inductive reasoning, integrates basic and clinical sciences, stimulates curiosity, and fosters teamwork.