Physiology and Pathophysiology of Marathon Running: A narrative Review.

Background: Marathon training and running have many beneficial effects on human health and physical fitness; however, they also pose risks. To date, no comprehensive review regarding both the benefits and risks of marathon running on different organ systems has been published.

Main Body: The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive review of the benefits and risks of marathon training and racing on different organ systems.

Piezoelectric biosensor with dissipation monitoring enables the analysis of bacterial lytic agent activity.

Antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus pose a significant threat in healthcare, demanding urgent therapeutic solutions. Combining bacteriophages with conventional antibiotics, an innovative approach termed phage-antibiotic synergy, presents a promising treatment avenue. However, to enable new treatment strategies, there is a pressing need for methods to assess their efficacy reliably and rapidly.

Intraspecific Variation and Recent Loss of Ancient, Conserved Effector Genes in the Sudden Oak Death Pathogen .

Members of the genus are responsible for many important diseases in agricultural and natural ecosystems. causes devastating diseases of oak, and tanoak stands in US forests and larch in the UK. The four evolutionary lineages involved express different virulence phenotypes on plant hosts, and characterization of gene content is foundational to understanding the basis for these differences.

The customer satisfaction model in the mobile telecommunications sector after Covid-19 pandemic.

The subject of this paper is modeling customer satisfaction in the mobile telecommunication industry following the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on standard customer satisfaction models, a specialized model tailored for the mobile telecommunication industry has been developed to account for its unique characteristics, including market concentration. This model was created within the Slovakian context using the Structural Equation Modelling method.

Anti-inflammatory effects of palm11-PrRP31 in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major components of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS not only induce endotoxemia and inflammation, but also contribute to various diseases. In experimental settings, LPS administration serves as a model for acute inflammatory responses.

Comparative pericarp biomechanics and germination physiology of Raphanus raphanistrum and Raphanus pugioniformis indehicent fruits.

The biomechanical, morphological and ecophysiological properties of plant seed/fruit structures are adaptations that support survival in unpredictable environments. High phenotypic variability of noxious and invasive weed species such as Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish) allow diversification into new environmental niches. Dry indehiscent fruits (thick and lignified pericarp [fruit coat] enclosing seeds) have evolved many times independently.

Contrasting habitat associations and ecophysiological adaptations drive interspecific growth differences among Himalayan high-mountain plants.

Background And Aims: Understanding interspecific differences in plant growth rates and their internal and external drivers is key to predicting species responses to ongoing environmental changes. Annual growth rates vary among plants based on their ecological preferences, growth forms, ecophysiological adaptations, and evolutionary history. However, the relative importance of these factors remains unclear, particularly in high-mountain ecosystems experiencing rapid changes.

Transcriptome-scale analysis uncovers conserved residues in the hydrophobic core of the bacterial RNA chaperone Hfq required for small regulatory RNA stability.

The RNA chaperone Hfq plays crucial roles in bacterial gene expression and is a major facilitator of small regulatory RNA (sRNA) action. The toroidal architecture of the Hfq hexamer presents three well-characterized surfaces that allow it to bind sRNAs to stabilize them and engage target transcripts. Hfq-interacting sRNAs are categorized into two classes based on the surfaces they use to bind Hfq.

Desensitization With Imlifidase for HLA-Incompatible Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation: A Delphi International Expert Consensus.

Highly sensitized (HS) patients in need of kidney transplantation (KTx) typically spend a longer time waiting for compatible kidneys, are unlikely to receive an organ offer, and are at increased risk of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). Desensitization using imlifidase, which is more rapid and removes total body immunoglobulin G (IgG) to a greater extent than other methods, enables transplantation to occur between HLA-incompatible (HLAi) donor-recipient pairs and allows patients to have greater access to KTx. However, when the project was launched there was limited data and clinical experience with desensitization in general and with imlifidase specifically.

Methodological Approaches to Comparative Trend Analyses: The Case of Adolescent Toothbrushing.

Objectives: Research questions about how and why health trends differ between populations require decisions about data analytic procedure. The objective was to document and compare the information returned from stratified, fixed effect and random effect approaches to data modelling for two prototypical descriptive research questions about comparative trends in toothbrushing.

Methods: Data included five cycles of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 2006 to 2022, which provided a sample of 980192 11- to 15- year olds from 35 countries.

Large language models for pretreatment education in pediatric radiation oncology: A comparative evaluation study.

Background And Purpose: Pediatric radiotherapy patients and their parents are usually aware of their need for radiotherapy early on, but they meet with a radiation oncologist later in their treatment. Consequently, they search for information online, often encountering unreliable sources. Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to serve as an educational pretreatment tool, providing reliable answers to their questions.

Revascularization of an Autotransplanted Mature Tooth After Extraoral Root Resection: A Case Report.

The outcome of tooth autotransplantation depends mainly on the transplant tooth's anatomy-the type of donor tooth and the developmental stage of root formation. Mature teeth display a higher complication rate due to lower pulp revascularization potential, requiring root canal treatment (RCT) pre- or postoperatively to avoid postoperative complications, which extends treatment duration and cost. This report details a 39-year-old patient's autotransplantation of a mature wisdom tooth to replace the first molar after unsuccessful root canal retreatment.

The diversity of Acarosporaceae (Acarosporales, Lecanoromycetes) in California.

, , , and are described from California. is described from California and New Mexico. is reported new for California.

Primordial black holes and their gravitational-wave signatures.

In the recent years, primordial black holes (PBHs) have emerged as one of the most interesting and hotly debated topics in cosmology. Among other possibilities, PBHs could explain both some of the signals from binary black hole mergers observed in gravitational-wave detectors and an important component of the dark matter in the Universe. Significant progress has been achieved both on the theory side and from the point of view of observations, including new models and more accurate calculations of PBH formation, evolution, clustering, merger rates, as well as new astrophysical and cosmological probes.

Dribble deficit as an effective measure of dribbling ability independent of sprinting performance in professional female handball players.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between linear and change-of-direction sprinting performance with dribbling performance and Dribble Deficit in professional female handball players.

Methods: Eleven professional female handball players (mean age: 21.12 ± 4.

Observation of super-Alfvénic slippage of reconnecting magnetic field lines on the Sun.

Slipping motions of magnetic field lines are a distinct signature of three-dimensional magnetic reconnection, a fundamental process driving solar and stellar flares. While being a key prediction of numerical experiments, the rapid super-Alfvénic field line slippage driven by the 'slip-running' reconnection has remained elusive in previous observations. New frontiers into exploring transient flare phenomena were introduced by recently designed high cadence observing programs of the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS).

Conditions and factors affecting the accuracy of olfactometric detection.

Introduction: The use of signal dogs for cancer detection is not yet routinely performed,but dogs and their powerful olfactory system have proven to be a unique and valuable tool for many lineages and are beginning to be incorporated into medical practice. This method has great advantages; the dog can detect a tumour in the human body already in preclinical stages, when the patient has no symptoms yet. The identification of cancer biomarkers to enable early diagnosis is a need for many types of cancer, whose prognosis is strongly dependent on the stage of the disease.

Optimizing droplet coalescence dynamics in microchannels: A comprehensive study using response surface methodology and machine learning algorithms.

Droplet coalescence in microchannels is a complex phenomenon influenced by various parameters such as droplet size, velocity, liquid surface tension, and droplet-droplet spacing. In this study, we thoroughly investigate the impact of these control parameters on droplet coalescence dynamics within a sudden expansion microchannel using two distinct numerical methods. Initially, we employ the boundary element method to solve the Brinkman integral equation, providing detailed insights into the underlying physics of droplet coalescence.

Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of three-dimensional multilayered interlaced woven fabrics using stainless steel fibers.

This study explores and discusses the design, the manufacturing and the morphology of three-dimensional (3D) multilayered weft interlaced woven fabrics using stainless steel fibers on the electromagnetic shielding efficiency (SE). Design solutions of 3D multilayered interlaced fabrics in relation to electromagnetic shielding efficiency are still not sufficiently investigated. Moreover, this study aims to analyze the differences in the internal geometry of 3D multilayered weft interlaced fabrics with different number of layers and frequency of connecting points in multilayered woven fabrics on electromagnetic SE.

Prioritizing Brain Health in Youth: Bringing Neuroscience to Society and Informing Policy, Lessons Learnt from the European Brain Council Expert Meeting Held at the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies Forum 2024.

Good brain health plays a significant role in an individual's well-being and profoundly impacts the collective economy and society. Brain development does not stop at birth, and some aspects continue throughout childhood and adolescence, allowing the full development of cognitive functions. Different determinants related to physical health, healthy environments, safety and security, life-long learning and social connection as well as access to quality services influence the way our brains develop, adapt and respond to stress and adversity.

FOXP3, IL-35, and PD-L1 in intra- and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltrate of cutaneous melanomas as an important part of antitumor immunity.

Background: The tumor microenvironment is a significant mediator enabling tumor growth and progression. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are an important component of this but tumor cells develop mechanisms by which they can escape the action of the immune system. Immunosuppressive mechanisms cooperate with each other and involve cells of the immune system, the tumor microenvironment itself, chemokines and cytokines.

Atomistic Insights Into Interaction of Doxorubicin With DNA: From Duplex to Nucleosome.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent known for intercalating into DNA. However, the exact modes of DOX interactions with various DNA structures remain unclear. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we explored DOX interactions with DNA duplexes (dsDNA), G-quadruplex, and nucleosome.

Comparison of taurolidine with 4% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on antimicrobial lock effectiveness: An experimental study.

Background: Antimicrobial lock therapy is recommended for preventing and treating catheter-related bloodstream infections, but different solutions have uncertain efficacy.

Methods: Two locks, 1.35% taurolidine and 4% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), were tested on Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S.

Tubulin tyrosination/detyrosination regulate the affinity and sorting of intraflagellar transport trains on axonemal microtubule doublets.

Cilia assembly and function rely on the bidirectional transport of components between the cell body and ciliary tip via Intraflagellar Transport (IFT) trains. Anterograde and retrograde IFT trains travel along the B- and A-tubules of microtubule doublets, respectively, ensuring smooth traffic flow. However, the mechanism underlying this segregation remains unclear.