Negative prognostic significance of primary cilia and cytoplasmic β-catenin expression in non-small cell lung cancer.

The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of the frequency of primary cilia (PC) and β-catenin expression in 218 patients (pts) with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including 125 pts with adenocarcinoma and 93 pts with squamous cell carcinoma. In the whole group of 218 pts with NSCLC, overall survival (OS) was significantly inferior among pts with present PC than without PC (p=0.024) and with higher cytoplasmic β-catenin expression (25-75%) than with lower cytoplasmic β-catenin expression (<25%) (p=0.

Methylation status of selected genes in non-small cell lung carcinoma - current knowledge and future perspectives.

DNA methylation is recognized as an early event in cancer initiation and progression. This review aimed to compare the methylation status of promoter regions in selected genes across different histological subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and the rare but highly aggressive large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed database until August 17, 2024, using standardized keywords to identify reports on promoter methylation in NSCLC.

Socioeconomic inequalities and their impact on the health of seniors 65.

Objectives: The main aim of the article is to indicate how selected socioeconomic factors contribute to the selected characteristics of the subjectively perceived health of seniors 65+ living in the Czech Republic.

Methods: Data collection took place in the Czech Republic from 27 January 2020 to 14 February 2020. The total number of interviews carried out in the research was 1,172, from a representative quota sample of seniors from the senior population living in the Czech Republic.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in 6-15-year-old boys and girls before the COVID-19 pandemic: results from anthropological research 2001-2019 in the Czech Republic.

Objective: Childhood overweight and obesity has been a major global problem for a long time, with a steadily increasing prevalence of obesity and a growing number of cases of serious health complications associated with childhood obesity. The main objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys and girls before the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic.

Methods: Body height, weight, BMI, and body composition (fat free mass, skeletal muscle mass, body fat, visceral fat area) were assessed in a cohort of 4,475 subjects (2,180 boys and 2,295 girls) aged 6-15 years.

Lockdown influence on diet and physical activity of seniors; has it weight consequences?

Objectives: Many studies draw attention to the negative consequences of the pandemic or lockdown on the well-being and lifestyle of different sections of the population. This study considers whether changes occurred in dietary regime and level of physical activity during three periods - before the pandemic, during the lockdown, and during the present in older Slovak adults. We also investigate whether individual weights changed during the pandemic.

Comparison of occupational diseases development during one decade in the Slovak and Czech Republic.

Objectives: An occupational disease (OD) is a disorder or health condition which arises due to work related activities and tasks or is caused by work environment. The impact of ODs on medical and social system may be considered as a very important in relation to mortality, morbidity, and invalidity. The most common ODs in the European Union are musculoskeletal disorders (58% of all ODs in 2015).

Birth outcomes of advanced maternal age pregnancies.

Objective: Pregnancy at advanced maternal age has become more common over the last decades. Therefore, the study aimed to describe the characteristics and maternal and perinatal outcomes of women giving birth at advanced maternal age and very advanced age.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 2,300 singleton births that occurred in 2020-2021 at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Košice.

Essential oil and furanosesquiterpenes from myrrh oleo-gum resin: a breakthrough in mosquito vector management.

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are vectors of various pathogens of public health concern and replacing conventional insecticides remains a challenge. In this regard, natural products represent valuable sources of potential insecticidal compounds, thus increasingly attracting research interest. Commiphora myrrha (T.

Climate signal age effects in tree-ring density data from the Spanish Pyrenees.

Key Message:

Abstract: Tree-rings are the prime archive for high-resolution climate information over the past two millennia. However, the accuracy of annually resolved reconstructions from tree-rings can be constrained by what is known as climate signal age effects (CSAE), encompassing changes in the sensitivity of tree growth to climate over their lifespans. Here, we evaluate CSAE in from an upper tree line site in the Spanish central Pyrenees, Lake Gerber, which became a key location for reconstructing western Mediterranean summer temperatures at annual resolution.

Slow-Release Pharmaceutical Implants in Ecotoxicology: Validating Functionality across Exposure Scenarios.

Pharmaceutical contaminants have spread in natural environments across the globe, endangering biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and public health. Research on the environmental impacts of pharmaceuticals is growing rapidly, although a majority of studies are still conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. As such, there is an urgent need to understand the impacts of pharmaceutical exposures on wildlife in complex, real-world scenarios.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1697-1780.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from accumulated snow sediment sample. , on leaf spots of . , on submerged decaying wood in sea water, on , as endophyte from healthy leaves of .

Tidal Deformation and Dissipation Processes in Icy Worlds.

Tidal interactions play a key role in the dynamics and evolution of icy worlds. The intense tectonic activity of Europa and the eruption activity on Enceladus are clear examples of the manifestation of tidal deformation and associated dissipation. While tidal heating has long been recognized as a major driver in the activity of these icy worlds, the mechanism controlling how tidal forces deform the different internal layers and produce heat by tidal friction still remains poorly constrained.

Metformin Improves Glycemic Control and Postprandial Metabolism and Enhances Postprandial Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Secretion in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

This randomized trial tested the effect of metformin on glycemic control and cardiac function in patients with heart failure (HF) and type 2 diabetes while evaluating intestinal effects on selected gut microbiome products reflected by trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and gut-derived incretins. Metformin treatment improved glycemic control and postprandial metabolism and enhanced postprandial glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion but did not influence cardiac function or the TMAO levels. Metabolic effects of metformin in HF may be mediated by an improvement in intestinal endocrine function and enhanced secretion of the gut-derived incretin GLP-1.

Comparative Study of Functionalized Carbosilane Dendrimers for siRNA Delivery: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Biophysical Properties.

Efficient and safe carriers of genetic material are crucial for advancing gene therapy. Three new series of cationic dendritic nanocarriers based on a carbosilane scaffold, differentiated by peripheral modifications: saccharide (CS-glyco), amine (CS-N), and phosphonium dendrimers (CS-P) were designed for binding, protecting, and releasing polyanionic compounds like therapeutic siRNA. Besides introducing synthetic methodology, this study brings a unique direct interstructural comparison of 16 dendritic nanovector's characteristics, addressing a gap in typical research that focuses on uniform structural types.

Fullerene-Doped Poly(ionic liquids) as Small Molecular Gas Sensors-Control of Intermolecular Interactions.

Here, we investigate the interactions between five representative gaseous analytes and two poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) based on the sulfopropyl acrylate polyanion in combination with the alkylphosphonium cations, P and P, and their nanocomposites with fullerenes (C, C) to reveal the potential of PILs as sensitive layers for gas sensors. The gaseous analytes were chosen based on their molecular size (all of them containing two carbon atoms) and variation of functional groups: alcohol (ethanol), nitrile (acetonitrile), aldehyde (acetaldehyde), halogenated alkane (bromoethane), and carboxylic acid (acetic acid). The six variations of PILs-PSPA (), PSPA + C ( + C), PSPA + C ( + C), and PSPA (), PSPA + C ( + C), PSPA + C ( + C)-were characterized by UV-vis and Raman spectroscopy, and their interactions with each gaseous analyte were studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Role of Hb to RDW ratio in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic and predictive roles of Hb/RDW ratio in patients with mRCC treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations (TKI plus ICI or ICI plus ICI).

Materials And Methods: We performed a sub-analysis of a multicenter retrospective observational study (ARON-1 project) involving patients with mRCC treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations.

Results: Three hundred and twenty-nine patients were enrolled, 244 males and 85 females.

Molecular Mechanisms of Response to Different Sources of Oxidative Stress.

Oxidative stress is a biological principle affecting all life on Earth and is also an important factor in the pathogen-host relationship. The pathogenic free-living amoeba has several pathways to cope with reactive oxygen species and the damage that they cause. In this study, we aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the amoeba's response to different sources of oxidative stress.

Professional training of prison service workers in the Czech Republic: historical development, aspects of importance and current challenges.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the historical development and current challenges of professional training for prison service staff in the Czech Republic. This study focuses on the transition from a repressive system under communism to a democratic approach emphasising human rights, ethics and professionalisation. It aims to assess the effectiveness of the current training programmes and their alignment with international standards, highlighting their impact on safety, recidivism reduction and prisoner re-socialisation.

Cisplatin-eugenol Pt(IV) prodrugs target colon cancer stem cells: A novel strategy for enhanced anticancer efficacy.

Platinum(IV) compounds possess distinct properties that set them apart from platinum(II) compounds. Often designed as prodrugs, they are reduced within cancer cells to their active platinum(II) form, enabling their cytotoxic effects. Their versatility also lies in their ability to be functionalized and conjugated with bioactive molecules to enhance cancer cell targeting.

Exosomes and non-coding RNAs: Exploring their roles in human myocardial dysfunction.

Myocardial dysfunction, characterized by impaired cardiac muscle function, arises from diverse etiologies, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathies, hypertension, and valvular heart disease. Recent advancements have highlighted the roles of exosomes and non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of myocardial dysfunction. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by cardiac and other cells that facilitate intercellular communication through their molecular cargo, including ncRNAs.

Distribution and bioconcentration of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in soils and vascular plant Colobanthus quitensis from Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic regions.

Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are widely distributed across the globe, including polar regions. This study investigates the distribution and bioconcentration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils and Colobanthus quitensis, while also estimating potential emission sources. Results indicated high concentrations of PAHs in soils and plants from the Sub-Antarctic region, while OCPs and PCBs were more prevalent in the Antarctic region, with higher contaminant concentrations found in soils than in plant tissues.

Biotransformation of anthelmintics in nematodes in relation to drug resistance.

In all organisms, the biotransformation of xenobiotics to less toxic and more hydrophilic compounds represents an effective defense strategy. In pathogens, the biotransformation of drugs (used for their elimination from the host) may provide undesirable protective effects that could potentially compromise the drug's efficacy. Accordingly, increased drug deactivation via accelerated biotransformation is now considered as one of the mechanisms of drug resistance.

Atypical and worrisome histological features in pleomorphic adenoma: challenging and potentially significant diagnostic pitfall.

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA), the most prevalent salivary gland tumor, exhibits a diverse histological spectrum characterized by epithelial, myoepithelial, and mesenchymal patterns, and secretory products. However, a subset of PAs presents microscopic features suggestive of malignancy, leading to challenging and potentially significant diagnostic pitfalls. A comprehensive retrospective analysis was conducted on the Salivary Gland Tumor Registry, compiled by the authors.

Primary Antibody Deficiencies: Curation Of Gene-Disease Relationships Using A ClinGen Validation Framework.

Background: The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) is an international collaborative effort between scientists and clinicians, diagnostic and research laboratories as well as the patient community. Using a standardized framework, ClinGen has established guidelines to classify gene-disease relationships as Definitive, Strong, Moderate, and Limited based on available scientific and clinical evidence. When the genetic and functional evidence for a gene-disease relationship has conflicting interpretations or contradictory evidence, they can be Disputed or Refuted.

Molecular and Immunohistochemical Classification of Extrapulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: A Study of 181 Cases.

Extrapulmonary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (EP-SCNC) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. Most patients with EP-SCNC have metastatic disease upon presentation, and their average overall survival (OS) is less than 12 months. Our study aimed to conduct a complex analysis of EP-SCNC.