Active Microrobots for Dual Removal of Biofilms via Chemical and Physical Mechanisms.

Bacterial biofilms are complex multicellular communities that adhere firmly to solid surfaces. They are widely recognized as major threats to human health, contributing to issues such as persistent infections on medical implants and severe contamination in drinking water systems. As a potential treatment for biofilms, this work proposes two strategies: (i) light-driven ZnFeO (ZFO)/Pt microrobots for photodegradation of biofilms and (ii) magnetically driven ZFO microrobots for mechanical removal of biofilms from surfaces.

Transplant and Nontransplant Salvage Therapy in Pediatric Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: The EuroNet-PHL-R1 Phase 3 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The current standard-of-care salvage therapy in relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) includes consolidation high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT)/autologous stem cell transplant (aSCT).

Objective: To investigate whether presalvage risk factors and fludeoxyglucose-18 (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) response to reinduction chemotherapy can guide escalation or de-escalation between HDCT/aSCT or transplant-free consolidation with radiotherapy to minimize toxic effects while maintaining high cure rates.

Design, Setting, And Participants: EuroNet-PHL-R1 was a nonrandomized clinical trial that enrolled patients younger than 18 years with first relapsed/refractory cHL across 68 sites in 13 countries in Europe between January 2007 and January 2013.

Agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors: Bone formation by orthodontic tooth movement and long-term stability of the edentulous alveolar ridge at 12-15 years after treatment.

Introduction: The primary aim of this study was to assess the amount and long-term stability of orthodontically created bone in patients with agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors after canine distalization. The secondary aim was to explore the impact of patient age on the process of alveolar bone resorption.

Methods: A group of patients with agenesis of the maxillary permanent lateral incisor was examined at 4 time points: the beginning of orthodontic treatment (T1, n = 80), the end of treatment (T2, n = 80), 2-5 years after treatment (T3, n = 79), and 12-15 years after treatment (T4, n = 32).

Coexisting Phases of Individual VO Nanoparticles for Multilevel Nanoscale Memory.

Vanadium dioxide (VO) has received significant interest in the context of nanophotonic metamaterials and memories owing to its reversible insulator-metal transition associated with significant changes in its optical and electronic properties. The phase transition of VO has been extensively studied for several decades, and the ways how to control its hysteresis characteristics relevant for memory applications have significantly improved. However, the hysteresis dynamics and stability of coexisting phases during the transition have not been studied on the level of individual single-crystal VO nanoparticles (NPs), although they represent the fundamental component of ordinary polycrystalline films and can also act like nanoscale memory units on their own.

Preparation of novel lithiated high-entropy spinel-type oxyhalides and their electrochemical performance in Li-ion batteries.

Compositionally complex doping of spinel oxides toward high-entropy oxides is expected to enhance their electrochemical performance substantially. We successfully prepared high-entropy compounds, the oxide (ZnMgCoCu)FeO (HEOFe), lithiated oxyfluoride Li(ZnMgCoCu)FeOF (LiHEOFeF), and lithiated oxychloride Li(ZnMgCoCu)FeOCl (LiHEOFeCl) with a spinel-based cubic structure by ball milling and subsequent heat treatment. The products exhibit particles with sizes from 50 to 200 nm with a homogeneous atomic distribution.

Opposing roles for Bmp signalling during the development of electrosensory lateral line organs.

The lateral line system enables fishes and aquatic-stage amphibians to detect local water movement via mechanosensory hair cells in neuromasts, and many species to detect weak electric fields via electroreceptors (modified hair cells) in ampullary organs. Both neuromasts and ampullary organs develop from lateral line placodes, but the molecular mechanisms underpinning ampullary organ formation are understudied relative to neuromasts. This is because the ancestral lineages of zebrafish (teleosts) and (frogs) independently lost electroreception.

A Pollen-Based Assisted Migration for Rapid Forest Adaptation.

Climate change poses an unprecedented threat to forest ecosystems, necessitating innovative adaptation strategies. Traditional assisted migration approaches, while promising, face challenges related to environmental constraints, forestry practices, phytosanitary risks, economic barriers, and legal constraints. This has sparked debate within the scientific community, with some advocating for the broader implementation of assisted migration despite these limitations, while others emphasize the importance of local adaptation, which may not keep pace with the rapid rate of climate change.

Spectral Emissivity and Thermal Conductivity Properties of Black Aluminum Films.

Black aluminum is a material characterized by high surface porosity due to columnar growth and exhibits unique optical properties that make it attractive for applications such as light trapping, infrared detection, and passive thermal radiation cooling. In this study, we correlate the structural and optical properties of black aluminum by comparing it with conventional reflective aluminum layers. These layers of varying thicknesses were deposited on fused silica substrates, and their optical properties were analyzed.

JHU-2545 preferentially shields salivary glands and kidneys during PSMA-targeted imaging.

Purpose: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy is a promising treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Several beta or alpha particle-emitting radionuclide-conjugated small molecules have shown efficacy in late-stage mCRPC and one, [[177Lu]Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, is FDA approved. In addition to tumor upregulation, PSMA is also expressed in kidneys and salivary glands where specific uptake can cause dose-limiting xerostomia and potential for nephrotoxicity.

Outstanding enrichment of ladderane lipids in anammox bacteria: Overlooked effect of pH.

Ladderane lipids synthesised by anammox bacteria hold significant potential for applications in jet fuel, drug delivery, and optoelectronics. Despite the widespread use of anammox bacteria in nitrogen removal from wastewater, the optimal conditions for maximising ladderane production remain unclear, limiting their broader application. To address this, we operated a fed-batch bioreactor with anammox bacteria, gradually adjusting the pH from 6.

Optimal control: From sensitivity improvement to alternative pulse-sequence design in solid-state NMR.

Exciting developments in new experimental methods for multidimensional solid-state NMR spectroscopy have recently been achieved using optimal-control theory. These results, in turn, have triggered the development of new pulse sequences based on traditional analytical theories. This trend article summarises the key steps leading to these advancements.

Child with epilepsy in school environment - The development of a conceptual model.

Objective: The aim of this qualitative study is to develop a conceptual model for the school life of the children with epilepsy based on grounded theory methodological framework.

Methodology: A total of 20 children with epilepsy participated in the semi-structured interviews. Inclusion criteria were age of 8-15 years, IQ higher than 70, duration of epilepsy of at least of two years and attendance of mainstream schools.

The Bioprotective Effects of Marigold Tea Polyphenols on Obesity and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in High-Fat-Sugar Diet-Fed Rats.

The research is aimed at exploring the potential of marigold petal tea (MPT), rich in polyphenol contents, against oxidative stress and obesity in a rat model following a high-fat-sugar diet (HFSD). The MPT was prepared through the customary method of decoction and was subjected to analysis for its polyphenol composition using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Two specific doses of MPT, namely, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (BW), were chosen for the study-referred to as MPT-250 and MPT-500, respectively.

Comparison of Vitamin D3 Supplementation Doses of 1,000, 2,000, 4,000 and 8,000 IU in Young Healthy Individuals.

Background/aim: Low levels of vitamin D are a widespread global issue. This study aimed to determine the optimal vitamin D3 supplementation dose for healthy young adults by comparing the effectiveness of gradually increasing cholecalciferol doses over two years.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-five volunteers participated in a two-season pilot study conducted from October to April to avoid sunlight-induced vitamin D3 synthesis.

The Bidirectional Impact of Cancer Radiotherapy and Human Microbiome: Microbiome as Potential Anti-tumor Treatment Efficacy and Toxicity Modulator.

Microbiome and radiotherapy represent bidirectionally interacting entities. The human microbiome has emerged as a pivotal modulator of the efficacy and toxicity of radiotherapy; however, a reciprocal effect of radiotherapy on microbiome composition alterations has also been observed. This review explores the relationship between the microbiome and extracranial solid tumors, particularly focusing on the bidirectional impact of radiotherapy on organ-specific microbiome.

Low-grade hemodilution improves the microcirculatory function in surgical patients.

Background: Excess fluid in the interstitium can adversely affect the microcirculation. We studied how gradual dilution of the blood plasma by crystalloid fluid influences microcirculatory variables and capillary filtration in 20 patients undergoing surgery.

Methods: Video recordings of the sublingual mucosal were made on four occasions during the surgery and compared with quasi-measurements of the capillary filtration rate using retrospective volume kinetic data collected over 5-10-minute periods during 262 infusion experiments with crystalloid fluid.

The Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae apxIV operon encodes an antibacterial toxin-immunity pair.

The ApxIVA protein belongs to a distinct class of a "clip and link" activity of Repeat-in-ToXin (RTX) exoproteins. Along with the three other pore-forming RTX toxins (ApxI, ApxII and ApxIII), ApxIVA serves as a major virulence factor of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pneumonia. The gene encoding ApxIVA is located on a bicistronic operon downstream of the orf1 gene and is expressed exclusively under in vivo conditions.

The use of self-adaptive principal components in PCA-based denoising.

PCA-based denoising usually implies either discarding a number of high-index principal components (PCs) of a data matrix or their attenuation according to a regularization model. This work introduces an alternative, model-free, approach to high-index PC attenuation that seeks to average values of PC vectors as if they were expected from noise perturbation of data. According to the perturbation theory, the average PCs are attenuated versions of the clean PCs of noiseless data - the higher the noise-related content in a PC vector, the lower is its average's norm.

Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Activity of Plant Flavonoids.

Flavonoids are naturally occurring compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based foods, and they are known for their health benefits, such as UV protection, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties. This study investigates whether flavonoids, such as quercetin and 2,3-dehydrosilybin, can act as photoactivatable carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecules under physiological conditions. CO has been recently recognized as an important signaling molecule.