Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries - the TISP dataset.

Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society. To help researchers analyse the science-society nexus across different geographical and cultural contexts, we undertook a cross-sectional population survey resulting in a dataset of 71,922 participants in 68 countries.

A customizable multiplex protein microarray for antibody testing and its application for tick-borne and other infectious diseases.

Tick-borne infections are the most common vector-borne diseases in the USA. Ticks harbor and transmit several infections with Lyme disease being the most common tickborne infection in the US and Europe. Lack of awareness about tick populations, specific diagnostic tests, and overlapping signs and symptoms of tick-borne infections can often lead to misdiagnosis affecting treatment and the prevalence data reported especially for non-Lyme tick-borne infections.

Elevated serum neurofilament light chain levels in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The neurofilament light chain (NfL) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum as a marker of neuronal damage may be a potential biomarker of neuropsychiatric involvement in SLE (NPSLE).

Methods: 80 patients with SLE were included.We obtained paired serum and CSF samples from 48 patients (NPSLE n=32, non-NPSLE n=16) and 31 controls.

Plasma transfusions in neonatal intensive care units: a prospective observational study.

Objective: Despite lack of evidence supporting efficacy, prophylactic fresh frozen plasma and Octaplas transfusions may be administered to very preterm infants to reduce bleeding risk. International variation in plasma transfusion practices in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is poorly understood, therefore, we aimed to describe neonatal plasma transfusion practice in Europe.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Outcomes of extremely preterm infants who participated in a randomised trial of dopamine for treatment of hypotension (the HIP trial) at 2 years corrected age.

Objective: To determine survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes in the Hypotension in Preterm (HIP) trial.

Design: Prospective follow-up of infants enrolled in randomised controlled trial.

Participants: 58 infants born before 28 weeks of gestation with low mean arterial blood pressure.

Binding of ligands to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor: An overview of methods.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor, which plays numerous and pivotal roles in human physiology and pathophysiology. Therefore, pharmacotherapeutic targeting of the AhR is a highly pertinent issue. The identification of new AhR ligands and the characterization of the interactions between the AhR ligands and AhR protein requires appropriate methodology.

Negative prognostic significance of primary cilia and cytoplasmic β-catenin expression in non-small cell lung cancer.

The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of the frequency of primary cilia (PC) and β-catenin expression in 218 patients (pts) with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including 125 pts with adenocarcinoma and 93 pts with squamous cell carcinoma. In the whole group of 218 pts with NSCLC, overall survival (OS) was significantly inferior among pts with present PC than without PC (p=0.024) and with higher cytoplasmic β-catenin expression (25-75%) than with lower cytoplasmic β-catenin expression (<25%) (p=0.

Methylation status of selected genes in non-small cell lung carcinoma - current knowledge and future perspectives.

DNA methylation is recognized as an early event in cancer initiation and progression. This review aimed to compare the methylation status of promoter regions in selected genes across different histological subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and the rare but highly aggressive large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed database until August 17, 2024, using standardized keywords to identify reports on promoter methylation in NSCLC.

Socioeconomic inequalities and their impact on the health of seniors 65.

Objectives: The main aim of the article is to indicate how selected socioeconomic factors contribute to the selected characteristics of the subjectively perceived health of seniors 65+ living in the Czech Republic.

Methods: Data collection took place in the Czech Republic from 27 January 2020 to 14 February 2020. The total number of interviews carried out in the research was 1,172, from a representative quota sample of seniors from the senior population living in the Czech Republic.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in 6-15-year-old boys and girls before the COVID-19 pandemic: results from anthropological research 2001-2019 in the Czech Republic.

Objective: Childhood overweight and obesity has been a major global problem for a long time, with a steadily increasing prevalence of obesity and a growing number of cases of serious health complications associated with childhood obesity. The main objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys and girls before the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic.

Methods: Body height, weight, BMI, and body composition (fat free mass, skeletal muscle mass, body fat, visceral fat area) were assessed in a cohort of 4,475 subjects (2,180 boys and 2,295 girls) aged 6-15 years.

Lockdown influence on diet and physical activity of seniors; has it weight consequences?

Objectives: Many studies draw attention to the negative consequences of the pandemic or lockdown on the well-being and lifestyle of different sections of the population. This study considers whether changes occurred in dietary regime and level of physical activity during three periods - before the pandemic, during the lockdown, and during the present in older Slovak adults. We also investigate whether individual weights changed during the pandemic.

Comparison of occupational diseases development during one decade in the Slovak and Czech Republic.

Objectives: An occupational disease (OD) is a disorder or health condition which arises due to work related activities and tasks or is caused by work environment. The impact of ODs on medical and social system may be considered as a very important in relation to mortality, morbidity, and invalidity. The most common ODs in the European Union are musculoskeletal disorders (58% of all ODs in 2015).

Birth outcomes of advanced maternal age pregnancies.

Objective: Pregnancy at advanced maternal age has become more common over the last decades. Therefore, the study aimed to describe the characteristics and maternal and perinatal outcomes of women giving birth at advanced maternal age and very advanced age.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 2,300 singleton births that occurred in 2020-2021 at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Košice.

Essential oil and furanosesquiterpenes from myrrh oleo-gum resin: a breakthrough in mosquito vector management.

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are vectors of various pathogens of public health concern and replacing conventional insecticides remains a challenge. In this regard, natural products represent valuable sources of potential insecticidal compounds, thus increasingly attracting research interest. Commiphora myrrha (T.

Climate signal age effects in tree-ring density data from the Spanish Pyrenees.

Key Message:

Abstract: Tree-rings are the prime archive for high-resolution climate information over the past two millennia. However, the accuracy of annually resolved reconstructions from tree-rings can be constrained by what is known as climate signal age effects (CSAE), encompassing changes in the sensitivity of tree growth to climate over their lifespans. Here, we evaluate CSAE in from an upper tree line site in the Spanish central Pyrenees, Lake Gerber, which became a key location for reconstructing western Mediterranean summer temperatures at annual resolution.

Slow-Release Pharmaceutical Implants in Ecotoxicology: Validating Functionality across Exposure Scenarios.

Pharmaceutical contaminants have spread in natural environments across the globe, endangering biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and public health. Research on the environmental impacts of pharmaceuticals is growing rapidly, although a majority of studies are still conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. As such, there is an urgent need to understand the impacts of pharmaceutical exposures on wildlife in complex, real-world scenarios.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1697-1780.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from accumulated snow sediment sample. , on leaf spots of . , on submerged decaying wood in sea water, on , as endophyte from healthy leaves of .

Tidal Deformation and Dissipation Processes in Icy Worlds.

Tidal interactions play a key role in the dynamics and evolution of icy worlds. The intense tectonic activity of Europa and the eruption activity on Enceladus are clear examples of the manifestation of tidal deformation and associated dissipation. While tidal heating has long been recognized as a major driver in the activity of these icy worlds, the mechanism controlling how tidal forces deform the different internal layers and produce heat by tidal friction still remains poorly constrained.

Metformin Improves Glycemic Control and Postprandial Metabolism and Enhances Postprandial Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Secretion in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

This randomized trial tested the effect of metformin on glycemic control and cardiac function in patients with heart failure (HF) and type 2 diabetes while evaluating intestinal effects on selected gut microbiome products reflected by trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and gut-derived incretins. Metformin treatment improved glycemic control and postprandial metabolism and enhanced postprandial glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion but did not influence cardiac function or the TMAO levels. Metabolic effects of metformin in HF may be mediated by an improvement in intestinal endocrine function and enhanced secretion of the gut-derived incretin GLP-1.

Comparative Study of Functionalized Carbosilane Dendrimers for siRNA Delivery: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Biophysical Properties.

Efficient and safe carriers of genetic material are crucial for advancing gene therapy. Three new series of cationic dendritic nanocarriers based on a carbosilane scaffold, differentiated by peripheral modifications: saccharide (CS-glyco), amine (CS-N), and phosphonium dendrimers (CS-P) were designed for binding, protecting, and releasing polyanionic compounds like therapeutic siRNA. Besides introducing synthetic methodology, this study brings a unique direct interstructural comparison of 16 dendritic nanovector's characteristics, addressing a gap in typical research that focuses on uniform structural types.

Fullerene-Doped Poly(ionic liquids) as Small Molecular Gas Sensors-Control of Intermolecular Interactions.

Here, we investigate the interactions between five representative gaseous analytes and two poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) based on the sulfopropyl acrylate polyanion in combination with the alkylphosphonium cations, P and P, and their nanocomposites with fullerenes (C, C) to reveal the potential of PILs as sensitive layers for gas sensors. The gaseous analytes were chosen based on their molecular size (all of them containing two carbon atoms) and variation of functional groups: alcohol (ethanol), nitrile (acetonitrile), aldehyde (acetaldehyde), halogenated alkane (bromoethane), and carboxylic acid (acetic acid). The six variations of PILs-PSPA (), PSPA + C ( + C), PSPA + C ( + C), and PSPA (), PSPA + C ( + C), PSPA + C ( + C)-were characterized by UV-vis and Raman spectroscopy, and their interactions with each gaseous analyte were studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Role of Hb to RDW ratio in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the prognostic and predictive roles of Hb/RDW ratio in patients with mRCC treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations (TKI plus ICI or ICI plus ICI).

Materials And Methods: We performed a sub-analysis of a multicenter retrospective observational study (ARON-1 project) involving patients with mRCC treated with first-line immunotherapy combinations.

Results: Three hundred and twenty-nine patients were enrolled, 244 males and 85 females.

Molecular Mechanisms of Response to Different Sources of Oxidative Stress.

Oxidative stress is a biological principle affecting all life on Earth and is also an important factor in the pathogen-host relationship. The pathogenic free-living amoeba has several pathways to cope with reactive oxygen species and the damage that they cause. In this study, we aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the amoeba's response to different sources of oxidative stress.

Professional training of prison service workers in the Czech Republic: historical development, aspects of importance and current challenges.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the historical development and current challenges of professional training for prison service staff in the Czech Republic. This study focuses on the transition from a repressive system under communism to a democratic approach emphasising human rights, ethics and professionalisation. It aims to assess the effectiveness of the current training programmes and their alignment with international standards, highlighting their impact on safety, recidivism reduction and prisoner re-socialisation.