New estimates and synthesis of chromosome numbers, ploidy levels and genome size variation in Allium sect. Codonoprasum: advancing our understanding of the unresolved diversification and evolution of this section.

Background: The genus Allium is known for its high chromosomal variability, but most chromosome counts are based on a few individuals and genome size (GS) reports are limited in certain taxonomic groups. This is evident in the Allium sect. Codonoprasum, a species-rich (> 150 species) and taxonomically complex section with weak morphological differences between taxa, the presence of polyploidy and frequent misidentification of taxa.

The "specific" P-glycoprotein inhibitor zosuquidar (LY335979) also weakly inhibits human organic cation transporters.

Zosuquidar (LY335979) is a widely used experimental P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor, which is commended as very potent but also as very specific for P-gp. In this in vitro and in silico study, we demonstrated for the first time that zosuquidar also inhibits organic cation transporters (OCT) 1-3, albeit less potently than P-gp. This still has to be kept in mind when zosuquidar is used to inhibit cellular efflux of P-gp substrates that are concurrently transported into the cells by OCTs.

The fungicide propiconazole induces hepatic steatosis and activates PXR in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity.

Propiconazole is a triazole fungicide previously shown to induce triglyceride accumulation in human liver HepaRG cells, potentially via activation of the Pregnane X Receptor (PXR). However, whether propiconazole can disrupt hepatic and whole-body metabolism in vivo is currently unknown. Therefore, we aimed to examine the metabolic effects of propiconazole in the context of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), obesity, and insulin resistance.

Strategies for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3 mutations: a patent review.

Introduction: Approximately one-third of all AML patients have a mutation in the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 () gene, which is associated with a poor prognosis in these individuals. The 2017 approval of midostaurin, the first FLT3 inhibitor, spurred extensive development of more potent and selective inhibitors with an improved safety profile.

Areas Covered: This review analyzes patent inventions for the treatment of AML using FLT3 inhibitors, covering developments from the earliest to the most recent, disclosed in 2024.

Giant anisotropic piezoresponse of layered ZrSe.

We investigated the effect of uniaxial strain on the electrical properties of few-layer ZrSe devices under compressive and tensile strains applied up to ±0.62% along different crystal directions. We observed that the piezoresponse, the change in resistance upon application of strain, of ZrSe strongly depends on both the direction in which electrical transport occurs and the direction in which uniaxial strain is applied.

Some Like It Cold: Long-Term Assessment of a Near-Global Invader.

Long-term studies depicting the multicontinental invasion trajectories of species are often constrained by the scarcity of documented records, especially for invertebrates. The red swamp crayfish, (Decapoda: Cambaridae), stands out as an uncommon example of hypersuccessful invasive species with a well-known invasion history at both regional and global levels. This allows for the use of its records to track distribution dynamics and bioclimatic preferences over time.

Anticancer Effect of C19-Position Substituted Geldanamycin Derivatives Targeting NRF2-NQO1-activated Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

In esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, genetic activation of NRF2 increases resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which results in a significantly worse prognosis for patients. Therefore NRF2-activated cancers create an urgent clinical need to identify new therapeutic options. In this context, we previously identified the geldanamycin family of HSP90 inhibitors, which includes 17DMAG, to be synthetic lethal with NRF2 activity.

Pre-implantation Scalp EEG Can Predict VNS Efficacy in Children.

Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is a therapeutical option for the treatment of drug-resistant epileptic patients. The response to VNS varies from patient to patient and is difficult to predict. The proposed study is based on our previous work, identifying relative mean power in pre-implantation EEG as a reliable marker for VNS efficacy prediction in adult patients.

Interferon gamma release assay has potential in the prediction of chronic graft-versus-host disease in recipients of myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide-based graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis.

Background: The rate of immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) plays the principal role in the development of serious post-transplant complications. However, the post-transplantation course has a significant impact on shaping the immune system of the recipient, per se, thus representing risk factors for subsequent unfavorable outcomes. The predictive power of an interferon gamma (IFNγ) release assay (IGRA) on graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or hematological relapse in recipients of allo-HSCT treated with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide and the impact of these complications on the restoration of cellular immune responsiveness was evaluated.

Tailored Functionalization of Plasmonic AgNPs/C:H:N:O Nanocomposite for Sensitive and Selective Detection.

We report here on the development of tailored plasmonic AgNPs/C:H:N:O plasma polymer nanocomposites for the detection of the pathogenic bacterium Borrelia afzelii, with high selectivity and sensitivity. Silver (Ag) nanoparticles, generated by a gas aggregation source, are incorporated onto a C:H:N:O plasma polymer matrix, which is deposited by magnetron sputtering of a nylon 6.6.

From diagnosis to rehabilitation of trigger finger: a narrative review.

Trigger finger (TF), also known as stenosing flexor tenosynovitis, is a common pathology of the fingers causing functional deficit of the hand. In recent years, new therapeutic approaches such as extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and ultrasound-guided (USG) procedures have joined the most traditional conservative treatments as the adaptation of daily activities involving the affected hand and the orthosis. Likewise, the ultrasound (US) examination of the affected finger using modern high-frequency probes has progressively become part of the comprehensive assessment of patients with TF coupled with the medical history, the physical examination, and the functional scales.

Persistent humid climate favored the Qin and Western Han Dynasties in China around 2,200 y ago.

The Qin and Western Han dynasties (221 BCE to 24 CE) represent an era of societal prosperity in China. However, due to a lack of high-resolution paleoclimate records it is still unclear whether the agricultural boost documented for this period was associated with more favorable climatic conditions. Here, multiparameter analysis of annually resolved tree-ring records and process-based physiological modeling provide evidence of stable and consistently humid climatic conditions during 270 to 77 BCE in northern China.

Polyploids broadly generate novel haplotypes from trans-specific variation in Arabidopsis arenosa and Arabidopsis lyrata.

Polyploidy, the result of whole genome duplication (WGD), is widespread across the tree of life and is often associated with speciation and adaptability. It is thought that adaptation in autopolyploids (within-species polyploids) may be facilitated by increased access to genetic variation. This variation may be sourced from gene flow with sister diploids and new access to other tetraploid lineages, as well as from increased mutational targets provided by doubled DNA content.

Association between cardiac autonomic regulation, visceral adipose tissue, cardiorespiratory fitness and ambient air pollution: 4HAIE study (Program-4).

Background: The main objective of the present cross-sectional cohort study was to determine whether there is an association between cardiac autonomic regulation, as expressed through heart rate variability (HRV), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and over the long-term living in areas with low or high air pollution.

Methods: The study sample included 1036 (487 females) healthy runners (603) and inactive participants (age 18-65 years) who had lived for at least 5 years in an area with high (Moravian-Silesian; MS) or low (South Bohemian; SB) air pollution in the Czech Republic. A multivariable regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between multiple independent variables (CRF (peak oxygen consumption), VAT, sex, socioeconomic status (education level), and region (MS region vs.

Respiratory Viruses in Patients With Hematological Malignancy in Boreal Autumn/Winter 2023-2024: EPICOVIDEHA-EPIFLUEHA Report.

Community-acquired respiratory viral infections (CARV) significantly impact patients with hematological malignancies (HM), leading to high morbidity and mortality. However, large-scale, real-world data on CARV in these patients is limited. This study analyzed data from the EPICOVIDEHA-EPIFLUEHA registry, focusing on patients with HM diagnosed with CARV during the 2023-2024 autumn-winter season.

Candidate Toroidal Electric Dipole Mode in the Spherical Nucleus ^{58}Ni.

Dipole toroidal modes appear in many fields of physics. In nuclei, such a mode was predicted more than 50 years ago, but clear experimental evidence was lacking so far. Using a combination of high-resolution inelastic scattering experiments with photons, electrons, and protons, we identify for the first time candidates for toroidal dipole excitations in the nucleus ^{58}Ni and demonstrate that transverse electron scattering form factors represent a relevant experimental observable to prove their nature.

Impacts of habitat fragmentation on the genetic diversity of the endangered Guatemalan fir (Abies guatemalensis Rehder).

Abies guatemalensis Rehder, an endangered conifer endemic to Central American highlands, is ecologically vital in upper montane forests. It faces threats from habitat fragmentation, unsustainable logging, and illegal Christmas tree harvesting. While previous genetic studies on mature trees from eighteen populations showed high within-population diversity and limited among-population differentiation, the genetic impact of recent anthropogenic pressures on younger generations has yet to be discovered.

Clonal Complex 398 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Producing Panton-Valentine Leukocidin, Czech Republic, 2023.

To trace evolution of Panton-Valentine leucocidin-positive clonal complex 398 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the Czech Republic, we tested 103 MRSA isolates from humans. Five (4.9%) were Panton-Valentine leucocidin-positive clonal complex 398, sequence types 1232 and 9181.

Assessing Lettuce Exposure to a Multipharmaceutical Mixture under Hydroponic Conditions: Findings through LC-ESI-TQ Analysis and Ecotoxicological Assessments.

The escalating global water scarcity demands innovative solutions, one of which is hydroponic vegetable cultivation systems that increasingly use reclaimed wastewater. Nevertheless, even treated wastewater may still harbor various emerging organic contaminants, including pharmaceuticals. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the impact of pharmaceuticals, focusing on bioconcentration factors (BCFs), translocation factors (TFs), pharmaceutical persistence in aqueous environment, ecotoxicological end points, and associated environmental and health risks.

Framing challenges and polarized issues in invasion science: toward an interdisciplinary agenda.

In a hyperconnected world, framing and managing biological invasions poses complex and contentious challenges, affecting socioeconomic and environmental sectors. This complexity distinguishes the field and fuels polarized debates. In the present article, we synthesize four contentious issues in invasion science that are rarely addressed together: vocabulary usage, the potential benefits of nonnative species, perceptions shifting because of global change, and rewilding practices and biological invasions.

Ankle and foot deformities and malformations in proximal femoral focal deficiency.

Purpose: To describe foot abnormalities in proximal femoral focal deficiency and their correlation to the severity.

Methods: Eighty-nine extremities in 87 patients were evaluated between 1996 and 2020 clinically and radiologically. Fibula length, ankle shape, tarsal coalitions, and the number of foot rays were recorded.

Putting gluten back on menu - Safety assessment of polyphenol-rich wheat varieties in Celiac Disease.

This study provides a comprehensive proteomic and metabolomic analysis of novel anthocyanin- and carotenoid-rich wheat varieties to assess their immunogenicity in the context of Celiac Disease. Using (semi)-quantitative mass spectrometry, the research found that gliadin expression and peptide release, particularly those containing immunostimulatory γ-gliadin epitopes, vary significantly across different wheat varieties. While non-targeted mass spectrometry provided valuable insights, the study acknowledged potential methodological biases, such limitations of ion current intensity as a measure of peptide abundance.

Protocol: The impact of integrated thematic instruction model on primary and secondary school students compared to standard teaching: A protocol of systematic review.

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. This systematic review will examine the impact of the Integrated Thematic Instruction (ITI) on academic attainment and other possible outcomes of primary and secondary school students compared to standard teaching.

Estimating the energy of dissipative neural systems.

There is, at present, a lack of consensus regarding precisely what is meant by the term 'energy' across the sub-disciplines of neuroscience. Definitions range from deficits in the rate of glucose metabolism in consciousness research to regional changes in neuronal activity in cognitive neuroscience. In computational neuroscience virtually all models define the energy of neuronal regions as a quantity that is in a continual process of dissipation to its surroundings.