Successful surgical repair of Taussig Bing anomaly with pulmonary artery and pulmonary valve stenosis in a neonate patient: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Taussig Bing anomaly (TBA), a subtype of double outlet right ventricle, is a rare congenital cardiac malformation. TBA consists of double outlet right ventricle, sub-pulmonary ventricular septal defect, and side-by-side localization of the great arteries. The association of pulmonary artery and pulmonary valve stenosis with TBA is an uncommon phenomenon.

Hepatopulmonary syndrome secondary to metabolic associated fatty liver disease in childhood - novel treatment with growth hormone replacement therapy: a case report and systematic review of literature.

Objective: Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rare complication of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) occurring subsequent to hypopituitarism, often developing after resection of hypothalamic or pituitary tumors. The aim of this study is to report an illustrative case of an HPS patient who was successfully treated with growth hormone replacement therapy, without liver transplantation which is conventionally regarded as the only treatment option. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive review of published case reports of HPS in the pediatric population.

Atherosclerotic Risk Factor Prevalence in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: The risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is comparable to that of the general population and is driven by traditional ASCVD risk factors.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of traditional ASCVD risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus [DM], obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity) in ACHD and compare it with the general population.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted up to May 15, 2024, to identify studies (with or without control group) reporting the prevalence of ASCVD risk factors in ACHD.

Preoperative nutritional status and serum insulin-like growth factor of children with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease.

Background: Malnutrition is common among children with congenital heart disease (CHD). We compared the anthropometric indices, serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and IGF acid-labile subunit (IGFALS) of children with cyanotic and acyanotic CHD before corrective surgery.

Methods: This 82-patient case-control study included 1- to 24-month-old CHD patients referred for corrective surgery.

Successful correction of flat-chested kitten syndrome in two littermate kittens.

Two 18-day-old domestic shorthair kittens presented with dyspnoea, mild cyanosis, heart murmur, lung pattern, abnormal crawling and a marked dorsoventral flattening of the thorax. Deformity of the thoracic wall without pectus excavatum was diagnosed. Cardboard corsets tailored to each kitten were applied.

Remnants of right venous valve in utero and early postnatal life. Case report and literature review.

During fetal life the right valve of the sinus venosus directs oxygenated blood from the inferior vena cava to the left atrium through the foramen ovale, until the regression of the right valve which usually occurs within the 15th week of pregnancy. Incomplete regression of the right venous valve in varying degrees can lead to different types of remnants such as the Eustachian valve, the Chiari Network and Cor Triatriatum Dexter. Prenatal diagnosis of remnants of right venous valve has only rarely been reported in the literature.

Goal-directed Perfusion to Reduce Acute Kidney Injury After Pediatric Cardiac Operation.

Background: Although goal-directed perfusion (GDP) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been discussed extensively in adult studies, no pediatric indexed oxygen delivery (Doi) thresholds are universally accepted, and no pediatric randomized controlled trial has been reported. This study aimed to determine whether the GDP initiative (maintaining Doi ≥360 mL/min/m during CPB) could reduce the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) after pediatric cardiac operation and improve clinical outcomes.

Methods: This single-center randomized controlled trial enrolled 312 pediatric patients, who were randomized to receive either the GDP strategy or a conventional perfusion strategy during CPB.

Laryngospasm following orthognathic surgery: an unusual case report.

This study discusses laryngospasm following orthognathic surgery and requiring emergency intubation, followed by systemic complications due to a hypoxic event. A 34-year-old male patient underwent orthognathic surgery due to facial asymmetry. When emerging from general anesthesia, blood pressure elevated suddenly, and severe agitation occurred.

Bivalirudin anticoagulation for an infant with heparin resistance on ECMO: A case report.

Rationale: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) technology in the field of intense care for children in China has developed rapidly, and it has become a key strategy for the rescue treatment of critically ill children and an advanced extracorporeal life support system. Compared with adults and children, neonatal respiratory disease with ECMO support has the best prognosis, with an average survival rate of 74%. Bleeding and thrombotic events during ECMO are common, morbid, and potentially lethal.

Bilateral Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations: Challenges in a Rare and Complex Case.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal vascular connections between the pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins. Despite their relatively uncommon incidence, PAVMs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with cyanosis due to the life-threatening complications posed by paradoxical emboli. The primary management approach involves eliminating the abnormal connections, either through surgical or endovascular methods.

A Prospective Single-center Pilot Study on the Use of Closed-loop Spinal Cord Stimulation to Treat Chronic Pain Associated With Raynaud's Phenomenon.

Objectives: Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a vascular disorder characterized by episodic peripheral artery vasospasms, resulting in paleness, cyanosis, and/or erythema. There are few reports, mostly case reports, on the benefits of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for the treatment of RP. However, there is a lack of objective evidence on SCS-induced modulation of the sympathetic system (eg, vasodilation) in this condition.

Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Myocarditis Among the COVID-19 Pediatric Population: A Review of 100 Cases.

Background: COVID-19 has been associated with myocarditis in the pediatric population, leading to severe cardiac complications.

Objective: To determine the clinical presentations and outcomes of myocarditis among the COVID-19-positive pediatric population.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 100 cases from the Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals, Swat.

Associations Between Clinical Factors and Postoperative Thrombosis in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Importance: Postoperative thrombosis is a significant complication in pediatric cardiac surgery patients, contributing to morbidity and mortality. Identifying clinical factors associated with thrombosis can improve patient outcomes by guiding early detection and intervention.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess factors associated with postoperative thrombosis or thromboembolism in pediatric patients under 12 months old who underwent surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD).

Deadly shades of green: A cautionary tale of an organic biopesticide poisoning.

Introduction: Methemoglobinemia is a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin. With the increasing popularity of natural and herbal biopesticides, there is a growing risk of exposure to substances that can induce this dyshemoglobinemia. This case report highlights the importance of recognizing and promptly treating methemoglobinemia in the context of biopesticide exposure, a concern relevant to various healthcare professionals.

Collapse of an early adolescent girl. Syncope? Simple or sinister?

An early adolescent girl presented to the emergency department (ED) of her local hospital following a syncopal episode after a warm bath on a background of increasing breathlessness for 1-year duration. On examination, she was fully alert, no pain or injuries from her syncope, she was warm and well perfused, her respiratory rate at rest was normal and she showed no signs of respiratory distress, there were no signs of seizure activity such as incontinence or tongue biting, she had a raised Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP), a loud pansystolic murmur, there was no cyanosis and no oedema. She was referred for a chest radiograph due to her history of breathlessness and for an ECG based on the examination findings of a murmur.

Pediatric Clinical Influenza Disease by Type and Subtype 2015-2020: A Multicenter, Prospective Study.

Background: Previous investigations into clinical signs and symptoms associated with influenza types and subtypes have not definitively established differences in the clinical presentation or severity of influenza disease.

Methods: The study population included children 0-17 years old enrolled at 8 New Vaccine Surveillance Network sites between 2015 and 2020 who tested positive for influenza virus by molecular testing. Demographic and clinical data were collected for study participants via parent/guardian interviews and medical chart reviews.