Running in people with cerebral palsy: A systematic review.

Background: Running is a fundamental motor skill which is important for participation in recreational activities throughout the lifespan.

Aim: To identify, appraise, and synthesize the evidence related to running in people with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: A search of electronic databases was conducted in April 2016.

Revision of the ant genus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae).

The fauna of the purely Australian formicine ant genus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is revised. This project involved integrated morphological and molecular taxonomy using one mitochondrial gene (COI) and four nuclear genes (AA, H3, LR and Wg). Seven major clades were identified and are here designated as the , , , , , and species-groups.

Adolescents' alcohol use and strength of policy relating to youth access, trading hours and driving under the influence: findings from Australia.

Aims: To determine (i) whether the strength of Australian alcohol control policy in three domains (youth access, trading hours and drink driving) changed during the 2000s; and (ii) estimate associations between these policies and adolescent drinking after adjusting for television alcohol advertising exposures, alcohol outlet density, alcohol price changes, exposure to negative articles about alcohol in daily newspapers and adult drinking prevalence.

Design: Repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted triennially from 2002 to 2011. Multi-level modelling examined the association between alcohol control policies and drinking prevalence after adjusting for covariates.

Scapular focused interventions to improve shoulder pain and function in adults with subacromial pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The relationship between subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS) and altered scapular movement has been previously reported. The purpose of this review was to determine the effect of interventions that focus on addressing scapular components to improve shoulder pain, function, shoulder range of motion (ROM), and muscle strength in adults with SAPS. Databases searched in September 2016 were: PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [Central], EMBASE [via Ovid] and PEDro.

Improved Diagnosis and Care for Rare Diseases through Implementation of Precision Public Health Framework.

Public health relies on technologies to produce and analyse data, as well as effectively develop and implement policies and practices. An example is the public health practice of epidemiology, which relies on computational technology to monitor the health status of populations, identify disadvantaged or at risk population groups and thereby inform health policy and priority setting. Critical to achieving health improvements for the underserved population of people living with rare diseases is early diagnosis and best care.

Effects of falls prevention interventions on falls outcomes for hospitalised adults: protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Introduction: Falls are a major global public health problem and leading cause of accidental or unintentional injury and hospitalisation. Falls in hospital are associated with longer length of stay, readmissions and poor outcomes. Falls prevention is informed by knowledge of reversible falls risk factors and accurate risk identification.

Indian Ocean corals reveal crucial role of World War II bias for twentieth century warming estimates.

The western Indian Ocean has been warming faster than any other tropical ocean during the 20 century, and is the largest contributor to the global mean sea surface temperature (SST) rise. However, the temporal pattern of Indian Ocean warming is poorly constrained and depends on the historical SST product. As all SST products are derived from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere dataset (ICOADS), it is challenging to evaluate which product is superior.

Cost-effectiveness of artemisinin-naphthoquine versus artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Papua New Guinean children.

Background: A recent randomized trial showed that artemisinin-naphthoquine (AN) was non-inferior to artemether-lumefantrine (AL) for falciparum malaria and superior for vivax malaria in young Papua New Guinean children. The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of these two regimens.

Methods: An incremental cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using data from 231 children with Plasmodium falciparum and/or Plasmodium vivax infections in an open-label, randomized, parallel-group trial.

Does the Risk Outweigh the Benefits? Adolescent Responses to Completing Health Surveys.

The aim of this study is to describe the self-reported experiences of adolescents in population-based samples when completing health-related surveys on topics with varying potential for evoking distress. Survey data were collected in three school-based studies of bullying behaviors (N = 1,771, 12-14 years), alcohol use (N = 823, 12, 15, and 17 years), and electronic image sharing (N = 274, 13 years). Between 5% and 15% of respondents reported being upset at survey completion, but at most 1.

Scaphoid Union: The Role of Wrist Arthroscopy.

There are times when clinical examinations, radiographs, and computed tomography scans do not provide sufficient information to know whether a scaphoid fracture or scaphoid bone graft has united, partially united, or not united. When this problem arises, arthroscopic examination of the scaphoid fracture or scaphoid bone graft provides additional information to solve the problem and plan further management in an evidence-based manner. The indications for the use of arthroscopy and surgical technique are described.

Queensland Alcohol-related violence and Night Time Economy Monitoring project (QUANTEM): a study protocol.

Background: Alcohol-related harm is a substantial burden on the community in Australia and internationally, particularly harm related to risky drinking practices of young people in the night-time economy. This protocol paper describes a study that will report on the changes in a wide range of health and justice outcome measures associated with major policy changes in the state of Queensland, Australia. A key element includes trading hours restrictions for licensed premises to 2 am for the state and 3 am in Safe Night Precincts (SNPs).

The application of inertial measurements unit for the clinical evaluation and assessment of gait events.

Foot drop is one of the common gait abnormalities which are difficult to detect, diagnose and evaluate. While various gait monitoring systems are available, many are computationally expensive and difficult to implement outside laboratory environments. This study introduces an in-house designed system based on inertial measurement units to capture the gait symptoms, specifically in the case of foot drop symptoms.

Can polymorphisms in the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster alter the effects of fish oil supplementation on plasma and erythrocyte fatty acid profiles? An exploratory study.

Purpose: The enzymes encoded by fatty acid desaturases (FADS) genes determine the desaturation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA). We investigated if haplotype and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FADS gene cluster can influence LCPUFA status in infants who received either fish oil or placebo supplementation.

Methods: Children enrolled in the Infant Fish Oil Supplementation Study (IFOS) were randomly allocated to receive either fish oil or placebo from birth to 6 months of age.

Proton-Conducting La-Doped Ceria-Based Internal Reforming Layer for Direct Methane Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.

Performance degradation caused by carbon deposition substantially restricts the development of direct methane solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Here, an internal reforming layer composed of Ni supported on proton conducting La-doped ceria, such as LaCeO (LDC) and LaSmCeO (LSDC) is applied over conventional Ni-CeSmO (SDC) anodes for direct methane SOFCs. The proton conducting layer can adsorb water for internal reforming thus significantly improving the performance of the direct methane SOFCs.

Relationship Satisfaction and Dyadic Coping in Couples with a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Dyadic coping strategies may play a pivotal role in relationship satisfaction and explain why some couples adapt positively to the challenges associated with raising a child with ASD and others do not. Survey data from 127 caregivers of a child with ASD were used in generalized estimating equation analyses to investigate the factors associated with relationship satisfaction, including socio-demographics, parenting stress and dyadic coping. Results showed that over two-thirds of the sample reported satisfaction, which was associated with low parenting stress, increased use of positive and decreased use of negative dyadic coping strategies.

The Implications of DNA Methylation on Food Allergy.

Food allergy is a major clinical and public health concern worldwide. The risk factors are well defined, however, the mechanisms by which they affect immune development remain largely unknown, and unfortunately the effective treatment or prevention of food allergy is still being researched. Recent studies show that the genes that are critical for the development of food allergy are regulated through DNA methylation.

Bradycardia and Hypothermia Complicating Azithromycin Treatment.

BACKGROUND Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic widely used to treat respiratory, urogenital, and other infections. Gastrointestinal upset, headache, and dizziness are common adverse effects, and prolongation of the rate-corrected electrocardiographic QT interval and malignant arrhythmias have been reported. There are rare reports of bradycardia and hypothermia but not in the same patient.

The First 20 Hours of Geopolymerization: An in Situ WAXS Study of Flyash-Based Geopolymers.

This study followed the first 20 h of flyash geopolymerization at 70 °C using time resolved Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS). The extent of dissolution of the amorphous phase of the flyash was determined to range from 29% to 54% for the different formulations trialed. The dissolution rate of the flyash significantly reduced after the first 5 h for all samples.

Practical Considerations before Installing Ground-Based Geodetic Infrastructure for Integrated InSAR and cGNSS Monitoring of Vertical Land Motion.

Continuously operating Global Navigation Satellite Systems (cGNSS) can be used to convert relative values of vertical land motion (VLM) derived from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to absolute values in a global or regional reference frame. Artificial trihedral corner reflectors (CRs) provide high-intensity and temporally stable reflections in SAR time series imagery, more so than naturally occurring permanent scatterers. Therefore, it is logical to co-locate CRs with cGNSS as ground-based geodetic infrastructure for the integrated monitoring of VLM.

Giant convecting mud balls of the early solar system.

Carbonaceous asteroids may have been the precursors to the terrestrial planets, yet despite their importance, numerous attempts to model their early solar system geological history have not converged on a solution. The assumption has been that hydrothermal alteration was occurring in rocky asteroids with material properties similar to meteorites. However, these bodies would have accreted as a high-porosity aggregate of igneous clasts (chondrules) and fine-grained primordial dust, with ice filling much of the pore space.

Does RAIM with Correct Exclusion Produce Unbiased Positions?

As the navigation solution of exclusion-based RAIM follows from a combination of least-squares estimation and a statistically based exclusion-process, the computation of the integrity of the navigation solution has to take the propagated uncertainty of the combined estimation-testing procedure into account. In this contribution, we analyse, theoretically as well as empirically, the effect that this combination has on the first statistical moment, i.e.

Optimal antimalarial dose regimens for chloroquine in pregnancy based on population pharmacokinetic modelling.

Despite extensive use and accumulated evidence of safety, there have been few pharmacokinetic studies from which appropriate chloroquine (CQ) dosing regimens could be developed specifically for pregnant women. Such optimised CQ-based regimens, used as treatment for acute malaria or as intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp), may have a valuable role if parasite CQ sensitivity returns following reduced drug pressure. In this study, population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling was used to simultaneously analyse plasma concentration-time data for CQ and its active metabolite desethylchloroquine (DCQ) in 44 non-pregnant and 45 pregnant Papua New Guinean women treated with CQ and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine or azithromycin (AZM).

Multiple Mechanisms Linking Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Testosterone as a Modifier.

Evidence in support of links between type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has increased considerably in recent years. AD pathological hallmarks include the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain, which are hypothesized to promote inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss. T2DM exhibits many AD pathological features, including reduced brain insulin uptake, lipid dysregulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and depression; T2DM has also been shown to increase AD risk, and with increasing age, the prevalence of both conditions increases.