The influence of acculturation on the risk of preterm birth and low birthweight in migrant women residing in Western Australia.

Background: The risk of preterm birth (PTB) and low birthweight (LBW) may change over time the longer that immigrants reside in their adopted countries. We aimed to study the influence of acculturation on the risk of these outcomes in Australia.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study using linked health data for all non-Indigenous births from 2005-2013 in Western Australia was undertaken.

Inequity of antenatal influenza and pertussis vaccine coverage in Australia: the Links2HealthierBubs record linkage cohort study, 2012-2017.

Background: Pregnancy and early infancy are increased risk periods for severe adverse effects of respiratory infections. Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander (respectfully referred to as First Nations) women and children in Australia bear a disproportionately higher burden of respiratory diseases compared to non-Indigenous women and infants. Influenza vaccines and whooping cough (pertussis) vaccines are recommended and free in every Australian pregnancy to combat these infections.

A pro-inflammatory diet in people with multiple sclerosis is associated with an increased rate of relapse and increased FLAIR lesion volume on MRI in early multiple sclerosis: A prospective cohort study.

Background: A pro-inflammatory diet has been posited to induce chronic inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS), and multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the CNS.

Objective: We examined whether Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores are associated with measures of MS progression and inflammatory activity.

Methods: A cohort with a first clinical diagnosis of CNS demyelination was followed annually (10 years,  = 223).

Achieving reductions in the unmet need for contraception with postpartum family planning counselling in Ethiopia, 2019-2020: a national longitudinal study.

Background: An unmet need for contraception is associated with unintended pregnancy and adverse maternal and childhood outcomes. Family planning counselling is linked with reduced unmet need for contraception. However, evidence is lacking in Ethiopia on the impact of integrated family planning counselling on the unmet need for contraception.

A qualitative longitudinal study of motivation in the REtirement in ACTion (REACT) physical activity intervention for older adults with mobility limitations.

Background: Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for older adults' health, however they remain the least active age group in the UK. This qualitative longitudinal study aims to understand motivations in older adults receiving the REACT physical activity intervention, through the lens of self-determination theory.

Methods: Participants were older adults randomised to the intervention arm of the Retirement in ACTion (REACT) Study, a group-based physical activity and behaviour maintenance intervention to prevent decline of physical functioning in older adults (≥ 65 years).

Social capital and its role to improve maternal and child health services in Northwest Ethiopia: A qualitative study.

Background: Social capital is a set of shared values that allows individuals or groups receive emotional, instrumental or financial resources flow. In Ethiopia, despite people commonly involved in social networks, there is a dearth of evidence exploring whether membership in these networks enhances uptake of maternal and child health (MCH) services. This study aimed to explore perspectives of women, religious leaders and community health workers (CHWs) on social capital to improve uptake of MCH services in Northwest Ethiopia.

Early Sexual Debut and Its Associated Factors Among Young Women Aged 15-24 in Mali: A Multilevel Analysis.

Early sexual debut is associated with increased risk of several sexual and reproductive health problems, including unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Hence, determining factors that promote early sexual initiation is significant to guide policy and inform interventions aimed to promote the health of young people through to adulthood. This study examined the prevalence of early sexual debut and its associated factors among young women in Mali.

Validation of an adolescent ovulatory menstrual health literacy questionnaire.

This study aimed to face validate an adolescent ovulatory menstrual (OM) health literacy questionnaire and to measure reliability by test-retest. Draft questions from an earlier content validation were adjusted following face validity assessment with 28 adolescents. Test-retest reliability was assessed by 89 adolescents aged 14-18 years over a two-week period across four school sites.

Statistical modeling based on structured surveys of Australian native possum excreta harboring predicts Buruli ulcer occurrence in humans.

Background: Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical disease caused by infection of subcutaneous tissue with . BU is commonly reported across rural regions of Central and West Africa but has been increasing dramatically in temperate southeast Australia around the major metropolitan city of Melbourne, with most disease transmission occurring in the summer months. Previous research has shown that Australian native possums are reservoirs of and that they shed the bacteria in their fecal material (excreta).

Predictors of intentions of adults over 35 years to participate in walking sport programs: A social-ecological mixed-methods approach.

There is a growing need to identify acceptable and feasible opportunities to engage adults over 35 years in physical activity. Walking sports may be a potential means to engage adults in sport; however, there is limited evidence regarding appeal and feasibility to support its implementation and delivery. Using a two-step mixed-methods approach, we aimed (1) to quantitively identify significant predictors of intentions of adults over 35 years to participate in walking sports and (2) to understand why and how these identified predictors may be contextually relevant to the target group.

The Retention of Vitamin D and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Pulse UV-Irradiated Dried Button Mushrooms () after 12 Months of Storage.

Fresh mushrooms exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation prior to drying generate high concentrations of vitamin D. The aim of this study was to determine the retention of D vitamers in mushrooms that were pulse UV irradiated, then air dried, and stored for up to 12 months. Fresh button mushrooms () were exposed to pulsed UV radiation (dose 200 mJ/cm, peak of 17.

Vitamin D status in healthy populations worldwide: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to report on circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and the prevalence of 25(OH)D concentrations below commonly used cut points for vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency in healthy populations worldwide.

Introduction: Vitamin D sufficiency is important for optimal bone health and has been identified as being protective against a range of adverse health outcomes. Poor vitamin D status is considered a global public health concern.

"More than just a walk in the park": A multi-stakeholder qualitative exploration of community-based walking sport programmes for middle-aged and older adults.

In spite of the large-scale growth of walking sport (WS) programmes globally, limited research has explored the experiences of the key stakeholders involved in such programmes (i.e. decision-makers, facilitators, and players).

Examining public stigma and expectations of grief following medical aid and dying in the US: A vignette-based experiment.

Objectives: Families bereaved following Medical Aid in Dying (MAID)-related death express concerns about public stigma. As access to MAID expands, research examining MAID is needed, including understanding stigma toward family members. This study examines if stigmatization exists toward bereaved individuals whose family member utilized MAID at differing ages and assess if expectations of grief differ between bereaved individuals whose family member utilized MAID compared to bereaved individuals whose family member died of an illness.

Association between maternal influenza vaccination and neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood: a longitudinal, population-based linked cohort study.

Objective: To assess the association between exposure to seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and the risk of a diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental disorder in early childhood.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Population-based birth registry linked with health administrative databases in Western Australia (WA).

Pandemic grief risk factors and prolonged grief disorder in bereaved young adults during COVID-19.

Objectives: This study evaluated whether COVID-19-specific risk factors (e.g., feeling guilty for not being present with the deceased at the time of the loss and feeling emotionally distant from the deceased prior to the loss) were associated with prolonged grief disorder (PGD) symptomatology or diagnosis among young adults bereaved due to any cause (e.

Development and evaluation of health education resources for culturally and linguistically diverse populations: a systematic review.

People from culturally and linguistically diverse (CaLD) backgrounds in Australia generally experience poorer health outcomes, explained in part by low levels of health literacy. We conducted a systematic review to examine the development and evaluation of health education resources designed for CaLD populations. Five electronic databases were searched for English language, peer-reviewed studies published between 1980 and 2020.

Professional Interpreter Services and the Impact on Hospital Care Outcomes: An Integrative Review of Literature.

Migration patterns have rapidly changed in Australia and elsewhere, which have contributed to increasingly culturally and linguistically diverse societies. This requires healthcare sectors to provide professional interpreter services for patients with a language barrier to eliminate healthcare disparities. This integrative review aimed to investigate the impact of professional interpreter services on hospital care outcomes and the associated cost of service provision.

Leaving No Women Behind: Evaluating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Livelihood Outcomes in Kenya and Ethiopia.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has revolutionised our lives, bringing with it the twin crises of illness and the need for an optimal mix of policies to alleviate its impact on the population. There needs to be more evidence on the effects of the pandemic on livelihood outcomes, including an understanding of whether female-headed families in low-income countries fare worse than their male-headed counterparts during pandemics. Using high-frequency phone surveys conducted in Ethiopia and Kenya, we examine the aggregate impact of the pandemic on income and consumption losses, as well as food insecurity.

Public stigma toward prolonged grief and COVID-19 bereavement: A vignette-based experiment.

We investigated the effects of cause of death and the presence of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) on eliciting public stigma toward the bereaved. Participants ( = 328, 76% female; = 27.55 years) were randomly assigned to read one of four vignettes describing a bereaved man.

rimary care dherence o eart ailure guidelines iagnosis, valuation and outine management (PATHFINDER): a randomised controlled trial protocol.

Introduction: General practitioners (GPs) routinely provide care for patients with heart failure (HF); however, adherence to management guidelines, including titrating medication to optimal dose, can be challenging in this setting. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention to support adherence to HF management guidelines in primary care.

Methods And Analysis: We will undertake a multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial of 200 participants with HF with reduced ejection fraction.

Lived experiences of women with low birth weight infants in the Solomon Islands: A descriptive qualitative study.

Every year, around 20 million women worldwide give birth to low birth weight (LBW) infants, with majority of these births occurring in low-and middle-income countries, including the Solomon Islands. Few studies have explored the pregnancy lived experience of women who deliver LBW infants. The aim of the study is to understand the lived experience of women in the Solomon Islands who gave birth to LBW infants by exploring their personal (socio-demographic and health), behavioural, social and environmental contexts.

Exposure to interparental violence and justification of intimate partner violence among women in Papua New Guinea.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that exposure to interparental violence is associated with intimate partner violence justification in a variety of contexts. In this study, we examined the association between exposure to interparental violence and justification of intimate partner violence among women in Papua New Guinea.

Methods: We used data from the 2016-18 Papua New Guinea Demographic and Health Survey.