Impact of developmental language disorders on mental health and well-being across the lifespan: a qualitative study including the perspectives of UK adults with DLD and Australian speech-language therapists.

Objective: This study aims to explore the educational, occupational and socioemotional experiences of people with developmental language disorder (DLD) across the lifespan to gain insight into risk and protective factors for mental health.

Design: Qualitative analysis of focus groups and written submissions. Data were combined and analysed using Braun and Clarke's reflexive thematic analysis approach within a critical realist framework.

Resilience after adversity: an umbrella review of adversity protective factors and resilience-promoting interventions.

Introduction: Resilience is the dynamic adaptive process of maintaining or recovering mental health from stressors, such as trauma, challenging life circumstances, critical transitions, or physical illnesses. Resilience after adversity can be fostered through protective factors and the implementation of interventions that promote resilience. Hence, it is essential to investigate both protective and vulnerable factors to reduce the negative effects of unfavorable life events and increase resilience through positive risk-response interventions.

Perinatal and early life risk factors of adverse early childhood developmental outcomes: Protocol for systematic review using socioecological model.

Background: Adverse early childhood developmental outcomes impact later schooling and adulthood life courses. However, there needs to be more comprehensive evidence on the effect of various perinatal and early life risk exposures. Hence, we aimed to systematically identify the various perinatal and early childhood risk factors using a socioecological model to inform appropriate prevention strategies.

Plasma levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and multiple sclerosis susceptibility in a US case-control study.

Background: There are plausible mechanisms, yet mixed evidence, that higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) levels reduces the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Prior studies relied on dietary surveys to estimate levels.

Objective: We tested associations between plasma levels of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs and likelihood of MS onset or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) using data from the MS Sunshine Study, a case-control study conducted in the United States.

'It opens up a whole new world for everybody': how carers of people with dementia view the online empowered conversations communication course.

Objectives: This paper explores (1) experiences of participating in Empowered Conversations, an online communication course for carers of people with dementia and (2) how participants felt the course had changed their experience of caring.

Method: Fifteen semi-structured interviews were completed with carers who had attended Empowered Conversations as part of a larger feasibility trial conducted in Greater Manchester, UK (ISRCTN15261686). Data were analysed using applied thematic analysis.

Internet-based third-wave Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for reducing stress in parents of children and adolescents with chronic conditions: Systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Background: Parents of children and adolescents with chronic conditions have an increased risk of stress-related mental health problems, and reduced quality of life. Third wave Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) interventions have been shown to reduce stress in this parent population. Studies demonstrate that this efficacy endures when these therapies are delivered online.

Leading by Example: Identity Leadership and Mental Health in Men's Sheds Members.

The impact of leadership on members' mental health outcomes in community-based mutual-aid organizations such as Men's Shed is unknown. We analyzed (a) whether identity leadership is associated with Shed members' mental health, and (b) whether these links are mediated by psychological safety, social network quality, and social identity. Path analysis on data collected from 162 Australian Men's Shed members revealed statistically significant associations between identity leadership and each mechanism, and our model accounted for significant variance in mental health outcomes (14%-24%, s < .

An engagement framework for the authentic co-design of a consent and healthy relationships intervention with upper-secondary students.

Introduction: The objective of this demand driven research is to co-design an intervention for upper-secondary students that addresses issues of consent and healthy relationships. In this paper, we (university researchers, student co-researchers, school staff), present the engagement framework that has been critical to the project's development and planned implementation.

Methods: An iterative co-design approach grounded in a participatory research approach is currently being adopted.

Development of an updated, comprehensive food composition database for Australian-grown horticultural commodities.

Australia supplies horticultural commodities to domestic and international markets; however, food composition data for many commodities are outdated or unavailable. We produced a nationally representative dataset of up to 148 nutrient components in 92 Australian-grown fruit (fresh n = 39, dried n = 6), vegetables (n = 43) and nuts (n = 4) by replacing outdated data (pre-2000), confirming concentrations of important nutrients and retaining relevant existing data. Primary samples (n = 902) were purchased during peak growing season in Sydney, Melbourne and Perth between June 2021 and May 2022.

Stores Licensing Scheme in remote Indigenous communities of the Northern Territory, Australia: a meta-evaluation.

A form of food retail regulation called the Stores Licensing Scheme was introduced by the Australian Government in 2007-2022 to ensure food security in remote Indigenous communities of the Northern Territory. We examined evaluations of this Scheme implemented under the Northern Territory National Emergency Response and Stronger Futures Northern Territory Acts. Grey literature search identified nine primary source evaluations.

Development and validation of maternal social capital assessment tool in northwest Ethiopia.

Objective: To develop and validate a social capital assessment tool that considers the cultural and social realities of north-western Ethiopia.

Methods: A mixed-methods approach was applied through rigorous phases. Existing measurement approaches for social capital are reviewed.

Associations between maternal preconception and pregnancy adiposity and neuropsychiatric and behavioral outcomes in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Maternal adiposity (overweight or obesity) has been associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, although the potential risks of long-term neuropsychiatric and behavioral outcomes in the offspring remain unclear. Using the PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies on maternal adiposity and offspring neuropsychiatric outcomes. Inverse variance-weighted random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool effect estimates with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CIs) from adjusted odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR).

Short-term effects of wildfire-specific fine particulate matter and its carbonaceous components on perinatal outcomes: A multicentre cohort study in New South Wales, Australia.

Background: Epidemiological evidence on the association between wildfire-specific fine particulate matter (PM) and its carbonaceous components with perinatal outcomes is limited. We aimed to examine the short-term effects of wildfire-specific PM and its carbonaceous components on perinatal outcomes.

Methods: A multicentre cohort of 9743 singleton births during the wildfire seasons from 1 September 2009 to 31 December 2015 across six cities in New South Wales, Australia were linked with daily wildfire-specific PM and carbonaceous components (organic carbon and black carbon).

Stated preferences of adolescents and young adults for sexual and reproductive health services in Africa: a systematic review protocol.

Background: Adolescence and young adulthood are critical life stages with varied healthcare needs. Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are often confronted with challenges in their sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and rights. Uptake of SRH services among AYAs groups remains limited, especially in resource-limited settings.

Parental attitudes towards sexual orientation and gender diversity: challenging LGBT discrimination in Australian schools.

As Australia considers legislative reform regarding the rights of religious schools to discriminate against LGBT students and staff, claims are often made that religious parents or those enrolling children in religious schools do not affirm diversity of sexuality or gender. Using a national dataset of parents ( = 2418), attitudes towards sexual orientation, gender diversity, homophobia and transphobia were examined. Across all religiosities, school sectors and attitudinal statements, significant majorities of parents reported positive attitudes (62.

Evaluating Experiences in a Digital Nutrition Education Program for People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex immune-mediated disease with no currently known cure. There is growing evidence to support the role of diet in reducing some of the symptoms and disease progression in MS, and we previously developed and tested the feasibility of a digital nutrition education program for people with MS.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore factors that influenced engagement in the digital nutrition education program, including features influencing capability, opportunity and motivation to change their dietary behaviours.

Signalling unpaired unconditional stimuli during extinction does not impair their effect to reduce renewal of conditional fear.

Presenting unpaired unconditional stimuli (US) during extinction training reduces the renewal of conditional fear due to context change and slows re-acquisition. The present study investigated whether this reduced return of fear is mediated by Pavlovian inhibitory conditioning to the conditional stimulus paired with the US during acquisition (CS+) that is acquired when this stimulus is presented without the US in an excitatory extinction context. Using an ABA renewal paradigm that trained extinction in a context different from acquisition and renewal test, participants either received no USs (Standard), five unsignalled US presentations (Unsignalled) or five presentations of the US preceded by a novel, third CS (Signalled) during extinction training.

Application of a new definition of sarcopenic obesity in middle-aged and older adults and association with cognitive function: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002.

Background & Aims: The role of sarcopenic obesity (SO) in impaired cognitive function has been investigated in several observational studies, but results have been mixed. This study applied the proposed European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN)-European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) definition of SO to a representative population aged ≥50 years to identify the association between SO and cognitive function.

Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 waves were used.

Feasibility of a co-designed online nutrition education program for people with multiple sclerosis.

Objective: Diet quality is important for people with multiple sclerosis (MS), but conflicting online information causes them confusion. People with MS want evidence-based MS-specific information to help them make healthy dietary changes, and we co-designed an asynchronous, online nutrition education program (Eating Well with MS) with the MS community. Our aim was to determine the feasibility of Eating Well with MS.

Maternal exposure to bioclimatic stress and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Western Australia: identifying potential critical windows of susceptibility.

The anthropogenic climate change may impact pregnancy outcomes. Rather than ambient temperature, we aimed to use a composite bioclimatic metric (Universal Thermal Climate Index, UTCI) to identify critical susceptible windows for the associations between bioclimatic exposure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) risk. Daily UTCI exposure from 12 weeks of preconception through pregnancy was linked to 415,091 singleton pregnancies between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2015 in Western Australia.