Advances and challenges in therapeutic resistant biomarkers of neuroblastoma: A comprehensive review.

Therapeutic resistance is one of the significant challenges in Neuroblastoma. Owing to its molecular diversity, the therapeutic resistance mechanisms of Neuroblastoma are highly complicated. The traditional chemo and radio therapeutics fail to provide adequate solutions to the treatment resistance, demanding in-depth research to improvise the existing prognostic and therapeutic regimens.

Clinician compliance to intrapartum antibiotics prophylaxis for minimising neonatal group B streptococcal infection risk.

Background: Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) administration to group B streptococcal (GBS) positive pregnant women and other pregnant women with risk factors may reduce the rate of neonatal early-onset GBS infection (EOGBSI).

Aims: Our aims were estimating the current indications for IAP among women presenting in labour, evaluating compliance to the current local IAP guidelines and to provide recommendations for improving clinician compliance.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analysed IAP data at our tertiary perinatal centre over a 16-month period.

Advanced drug delivery strategies for diabetic retinopathy: current therapeutic advancement, and delivery methods overcoming barriers, and experimental modalities.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy, a significant trigger for blindness among working age individuals with diabetes, poses a substantial global health challenge. Understanding its underlying mechanisms is pivotal for developing effective treatments. Current treatment options, such as anti-VEGF agents, corticosteroids, laser photocoagulation, and vitreous surgery, have their limitations, prompting the exploration of innovative approaches like nanocapsules based drug-delivery systems.

Adverse Childhood Experiences Are Associated with Mental Health Problems Later in Life: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Evidence suggested a link between early adversity and mental health problems. However, it is unclear how much adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute to mental health problems because researchers have produced inconsistent findings. Therefore, the objective of this umbrella review was to combine the contradictory data regarding the effect of ACEs on the development of mental health problems later in life in the global context.

Outcomes and validity of risk stratification tools for endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric cancer in Western Australia.

Background And Aim: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become the treatment of choice for many superficial gastric neoplasms. Clinical outcomes are increasingly comparable between Japanese and Western series; however, data are lacking on the validity of risk stratification tools in Western cohorts. We aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes, explore risk stratification, and compare our data with published Western series.

Expression of TSPAN1 and its link to thyroid nodules: one step forward on the path to thyroid tumorigenesis biomarkers.

Background: Thyroid cancer is ranked as the most common malignancy within the endocrine system and the seventh most prevalent cancer in women globally. Thyroid malignancies require evaluating biomarkers capable of distinguishing between them for accurate diagnosis. We examined both mRNA and protein levels of TSPAN1 in plasma and tissue samples from individuals with thyroid nodules to aid this endeavour.

Diagnostic Performance of AI-enabled Plaque Quantification from Coronary CT Angiography Compared with Intravascular Ultrasound.

Purpose To assess the diagnostic performance of a coronary CT angiography (CCTA) artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled tool (AI-QCPA; HeartFlow) to quantify plaque volume, as compared with intravascular US (IVUS). Materials and Methods A retrospective subanalysis of a single-center prospective registry study was conducted in participants with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention of the culprit vessel. Participants with greater than 50% stenosis in nonculprit vessels underwent CCTA, invasive coronary angiography, and IVUS of nonculprit lesion(s) between 2 and 40 days after primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Comparison of augmented reality with other teaching methods in learning anatomy: A systematic review.

Augmented reality (AR) has been investigated as an engaging educational tool that motivates undergraduate health science students to learn human anatomy. AR technology is developing rapidly, supporting medical education by presenting models of human anatomy as digital objects overlaid in the real world via mobile or head-mounted display (HMD). The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a post-pandemic analysis of AR compared with other methods for teaching anatomy and to determine the effects of AR on learning outcomes (LOs).

Single-molecule visualization of sequence-specific RNA binding by a designer PPR protein.

Pentatricopeptide repeat proteins (PPR) are a large family of modular RNA-binding proteins, whereby each module can be modified to bind to a specific ssRNA nucleobase. As such, there is interest in developing 'designer' PPRs (dPPRs) for a range of biotechnology applications, including diagnostics or in vivo localization of ssRNA species; however, the mechanistic details regarding how PPRs search for and bind to target sequences is unclear. To address this, we determined the structure of a dPPR bound to its target sequence and used two- and three-color single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer to interrogate the mechanism of ssRNA binding to individual dPPRs in real time.

Systems mapping: a novel approach to national lung cancer screening implementation in Australia.

Background: Lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography has been started in some high-income countries and is being considered in others. In many settings uptake remains low. Optimal strategies to increase uptake, including for high-risk subgroups, have not been elucidated.

Genomic insights into key mechanisms for carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate assimilation by the acidophilic, halotolerant genus Acidihalobacter members.

In-depth comparative genomic analysis was conducted to predict carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate assimilation pathways in the halotolerant, acidophilic genus Acidihalobacter. The study primarily aimed to understand how the metabolic capabilities of each species can determine their roles and effects on the microbial ecology of their unique saline and acidic environments, as well as in their potential application to saline water bioleaching systems. All four genomes encoded the genes for the complete tricarboxylic acid cycle, including 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme absent in obligate chemolithotrophic acidophiles.

Collaborative Teaching and Curricular Integration in Pre-Intern Clinical Placements: Insights from the Greater Bay Area.

Introduction: The rising demand for knowledge updates and technological innovations in China has made clinical placement teaching challenging. Reforms for innovative teaching models through pilot classes have shown to improve students' academic performance. This novel integration led to the announcement of healthcare collaboration in the Guangdong-Hong-Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for projects within China's "Global-Innovation-Hub" zones.

Determinants and Outcomes of Invasive Coronary Angiography in Unselected Patients Presenting With Chest Pain to Emergency Departments in Western Australian Teaching Hospitals.

Background: Chest pain is a common cause of presentation to the emergency department (ED), and its outcomes are affected by various diagnostic tests and timely management. Our aim was to identify determinants of invasive coronary angiography (ICA) in a chest pain cohort following ED presentation, and to compare outcomes by time to ICA.

Methods: We identified all adults aged ≥20 years presenting with chest pain to public teaching hospital EDs in Perth, Western Australia, from 1 January 2016 to 31 March 2017.

Morphological and Clinical Aspects of Pott's Disease in Ancient Human Remains: A Scoping Review.

Study Design: The present study is a scoping review of the literature on Pott's disease in ancient human remains.

Objective: Comprehending the origin and history of Pott's disease is relevant to assessing this pathological condition from an evolutionary perspective.

Summary Of Background Data: Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient pulmonary disease that remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, rating above HIV/AIDS.

Understanding the Significance of Layer Bonding in Melt Electrowriting.

Melt electrowriting (MEW) is a high-resolution additive manufacturing technology capable of depositing micrometric fibers onto a moving collector to form 3D scaffolds of controlled mechanical properties. While the critical role of layer bonding to achieve mechanical integrity in fused deposition modeling has been widely reported, it remains largely unknown in MEW, in part due to a lack of methods to assess it. Here, a systematic framework is developed to unravel the significance of layer bonding in MEW scaffolds and its ultimate effect on their mechanical properties.

NucBalancer: streamlining barcode sequence selection for optimal sample pooling for sequencing.

Unlabelled: Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have brought to the forefront the necessity for versatile, cost-effective tools capable of adapting to a rapidly evolving landscape. The emergence of numerous new sequencing platforms, each with unique sample preparation and sequencing requirements, underscores the importance of efficient barcode balancing for successful pooling and accurate demultiplexing of samples. Recently launched new sequencing systems claiming better affordability comparable to more established platforms further exemplifies these challenges, especially when libraries originally prepared for one platform need conversion to another.