infection alters the intestinal mucosa transcriptome in neonatal calves: impacts on epithelial barriers and transcellular transport systems.

Introduction: is the most prevalent enteric protozoan parasite causing infectious diarrhea in neonatal calves worldwide with a direct negative impact on their health and welfare. This study utilized next-generation sequencing (NGS) to deepen our understanding of intestinal epithelial barriers and transport mechanisms in the pathophysiology of infectious diarrhea in neonatal calves, which could potentially unveil novel solutions for treatment.

Methods: At day 1 of life, male Holstein-Friesian calves were either orally infected (n = 5) or not (control group, n = 5) with oocysts (in-house strain LE-01-Cp-15).

THE EFFECTS OF RAIN AND DROUGHT ON INCIDENCE OF ENTERIC DISEASE IN PENNSYLVANIA (2010 - 2019).

Background: Campylobacter, nontyphoidal Salmonella, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia cause an estimated 1 million cases of domestically acquired waterborne diseases annually in the United States. Acute symptoms can include diarrhea and vomiting; however, these illnesses can result in longer term complications such as reactive arthritis, Guillan Barré syndrome and death, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Precipitation and drought can plausibly increase the risk of enteric infections, but consensus in the literature is lacking.

Human milk improves the oral bioavailability of the poorly water-soluble drug clofazimine.

Clofazimine is an emerging drug for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in infants. As a poorly water-soluble drug, the formulation of clofazimine in age-appropriate vehicles is challenging and often results in the use of off-label formulations. Milk-based vehicles such as human milk and bovine milk have been investigated as age-appropriate formulations and shown to increase the solubilisation of poorly water-soluble drugs via enhanced solubility in lipid digestion products in vitro.

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in symptomatic children from Cape Verde.

Cryptosporidiosis has been identified as one of the leading causes of diarrhea and diarrhea-associated deaths in young children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Cape Verde, available data on human infections caused by Cryptosporidium spp. are limited.

Analysis of gut microbiota with cryptosporidiosis based on fecal condition in neonatal dairy calves on a farm in Japan.

Cryptosporidiosis is a major cause of diarrhea and is associated with high morbidity in calves. Changes in the gut microbiota exacerbate diarrhea caused by infection in neonatal and weaned calves. However, information on the gut microbiota of neonatal calves with infection is scarce, and research into the microbiome of calves is essential for developing preventive and therapeutic interventions.

Molecular identification and subtyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in laboratory mice and rats.

Cryptosporidium species can infect humans and more than 260 animal species, including 54 rodent species. However, data on the occurrence and genetic characterizations of Cryptosporidium spp. in laboratory rodents are limited.

Experience With the Use of Paromomycin Via Nasogastric Tube as Treatment for Cryptosporidium Infection: A Case Report.

Cryptosporidiosis is an infectious disease caused by the Cryptosporidium parasite, primarily affecting the gastrointestinal tract of both humans and animals. Transmission occurs via fecal-oral route, mainly through ingestion of water or food contaminated with oocysts, the parasite's infectious form. Immunocompromised individuals are particularly susceptible to severe and prolonged symptoms.

Function of the alternative electron transport chain in the mitosome.

Unlabelled: possess a remanent mitochondrion called the mitosome, which lacks DNA, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a conventional electron transport chain, and ATP synthesis. The mitosome retains ubiquinone and iron sulfur cluster biosynthesis pathways, both of which require protein import that relies on the membrane potential. It was previously proposed that the membrane potential is generated by electrons transferred through an alternative respiratory pathway coupled to a transhydrogenase (TH) that pumps hydrogens out of the mitosome.

Food and Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis from a One Health Perspective: A Comprehensive Review.

A sharp rise in the global population and improved lifestyles has led to questions about the quality of both food and water. Among protozoan parasites, is of great importance in this regard. Hence, 's associated risk factors, its unique characteristics compared to other protozoan parasites, its zoonotic transmission, and associated economic losses in the public health and livestock sectors need to be focused on from a One Health perspective, including collaboration by experts from all three sectors.

Chromosome-level genome assembly of Cryptosporidium parvum by long-read sequencing of ten oocysts.

Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic parasite of the intestine and poses a threat to human and animal health. However, it is difficult to obtain a large number of oocysts for genome sequencing using in vitro culture. To address this challenge, we employed the strategy of whole-genome amplification of 10 oocysts followed by long-read sequencing and obtained a high-quality genome assembly of C.

Outbreak of the novel IIγA11 linked to salad bars in Sweden, December 2023.

We report a foodborne outbreak of the previously undetected subtype IIγA11. In December 2023, notifications of cryptosporidiosis cases increased in Sweden, prompting the initiation of a national outbreak investigation, and a case-control study was performed to identify the source. We identified 60 cases between 15 December 2023 and 1 January 2024.

Molecular detection of spp. among wild rats in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Background: Humans and animals who have an acute case of diarrhea can be infected with spp. Within the category of water-borne disease, it is a zoonotic disease. The zoonotic disease is among the several pathogens carried by wild rats ( spp.

Cryptosporidium spp. prevalence in the general population in Guinea: first large-scale screening study.

Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of diarrheal mortality in children in Africa and Asia. Despite the public health significance of this parasite, its molecular epidemiology and circulation in Guinea remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of Cryptosporidium in the Guinean general population.

Cryptosporidiosis in a Zoonotic Gastrointestinal Disorder Perspective: Present Status, Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, and Treatment, Particularly in Immunocompromised Patients.

infection is highly prevalent among immunocompromised patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, cancer, primary immunodeficiency, and organ transplant recipients. Comprehensive knowledge about infection provides the means for efficient diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Therefore, with the objective of providing an in-depth analysis of Cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients, this review presents a comprehensive understating of the prevalence, risk factors, pathophysiology of infection, clinical presentation in the immunocompromised, the immune response of the host, diagnostic methods performed in laboratory settings, possible treatments, and prevention methods, which can be used for further studies.

spp. Infection in Adult Kidney Transplant Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Diarrhea frequently occurs after vascular organ transplantation, including kidney transplants. This may result from non-infectious factors, adverse effects of immunosuppressive medications, or infections caused by various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites, for example, intestinal protozoan parasites such as spp., which are particularly dangerous for immunocompromised patients.

Houtt. methanol extract as a promising treatment for infection in experimentally immunosuppressed and immunocompetent mice.

Background And Aim: Cryptosporidiosis is a major waterborne disease affecting ruminants and humans worldwide. It causes diarrhea and neonatal mortality in buffalo calves, and watery diarrhea and mortality in children and immunodeficient patients. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of methanolic extract in treatment of infection in comparison with nitazoxanide (NZX) (a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug control) in immunosuppressed and immunocompetent mice.

Therapeutic potential of platelet rich plasma against experimental infection: in vivo study in immunosuppressed mice.

The present study was designed to assess the possible effects of platelet rich plasma (PRP) when used individually and in combination with nitazoxanide (NTZ) on experimental () infection. It was conducted on 100 male albino mice, laboratory bred in Theodore Bilharz Research Institute. Starting from the 7th day post infection (p.

lysyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors define the interplay between solubility and permeability required to achieve efficacy.

Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal disease caused by infection with spp. parasites and is a leading cause of death in malnourished children worldwide. The only approved treatment, nitazoxanide, has limited efficacy in this at-risk patient population.

A rare case of pulmonary cryptosporidiosis associated with pulmonary tuberculosis in a patient with advanced HIV infection.

Cryptosporidium spp., an important food and waterborne protozoan pathogen, can cause severe diarrhea and extraintestinal manifestations in immunocompromised individuals. The case of a 75 -years old patient diagnosed as a late presenter with advanced HIV infection and multiple opportunistic illnesses associated to HIV: cryptosporidiosis, intestinal and pulmonary, Cytomegalovirus colitis and pulmonary tuberculosis is presented.

Comparative efficacy and safety of anti-cryptosporidial agents: an study on nitazoxanide, halofuginone lactate, KDU731, and paromomycin against .

This study evaluated the effectiveness of anti-cryptosporidial agents nitazoxanide, halofuginone, the pyrazolopyridine analog KDU731, and paromomycin (PMC) in combating the significant zoonotic pathogen . The study utilized HCT-8 host cells to culture and fluorescent microscopy/quantitative PCR (qPCR) for detecting parasitic growth. The efficacy of the compounds was assessed by calculating their inhibitory concentrations (IC) against the total growth of at 48 h post-infection.

Cryptosporidiosis in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea globally, and, while it is often self-limited, in immunocompromised individuals, the infection can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis might be missed or delayed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to similar presentation, and these patients may also be on immunosuppressive therapies, increasing their risk of infection. Additionally, gastrointestinal infection and dysbiosis may be a risk factor for IBD.