Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw and Low-Level Laser Therapy as Adjuvant Treatment: A Case Report.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) occurs by the use of a drug that has osteonecrosis as one of its side effects. We describe a case of a 48-year-old oncological patient who had brain and bone metastasis due to breast cancer and was medicated with bisphosphonates (BPs). She presented cavities, and after an incorrect exodontia, the lesion evolved into a jaw osteonecrosis.

three-dimensional cephalometric landmarks using CBCT for assessment of condylar volume and surface in individuals with Class I, II, and III malocclusions.

Objective: To assess volume and surface of the mandibular condyle on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans by comparing Class I, II, and III malocclusions.

Methods: CBCT scans of 55 patients were assessed to measure ANB angle, condyle volume, and surface by using VistaDent software. The values were compared between the different skeletal malocclusions and correlated to gender and sides.

Differentiation of periapical granuloma from radicular cyst using cone beam computed tomography images texture analysis.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the use of texture analysis for characterization of radicular cysts and periapical granulomas and to assess its efficacy to differentiate between both lesions with histological diagnosis.

Methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained from 19 patients with 25 periapical lesions (14 radicular cysts and 11 periapical granulomas) confirmed by biopsy. Regions of interest were created in the lesions from which 11 texture parameters were calculated.

Oral shedding of CMV and HSV-1 in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients.

Objectives: To evaluate the oral shedding of herpesviruses in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and correlate it with oral mucositis (OM).

Methods: Saliva samples were collected before the HSCT and on day D + 8. Multiplex Polymerse Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Variella-zoster virus (VZV), and human herpesvirus (HHV)-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8.

Morphology, Volume, and Density Characteristics of the Parotid Glands before and after Chemoradiation Therapy in Patients with Head and Neck Tumors.

The multimodal approach for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) includes treatment with chemoradiation therapy (CRT). A common concern regarding CRT side effects is the occurrence of structural and physiological alterations of the salivary glands due to exposure to ionizing radiation. The aim of this study is to examine the morphology, volume, and density of the parotid glands before and after CRT in HNC patients.

Elastin-derived scaffolding associated or not with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) or hydroxyapatite (HA) in the repair process of metaphyseal bone defects.

Tissue engineering represents a promising alternative for reconstructive surgical procedures especially for the repair of bone defects that do not regenerate spontaneously. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the elastin matrix (E24/50 and E96/37) incorporated with hydroxyapatite (HA) or morphogenetic protein (BMP) on the bone repair process in the distal metaphysis of rat femur. The groups were: control group (CG), hydrolyzed elastin matrix at 50°C/24h (E24/50), E24/50 + HA (E24/50/HA), E24/50 + BMP (E24/50/BMP), hydrolyzed elastin matrix at 37°C/96h (E96/37), E96/37 + HA (E96/37/HA), E96/37 + BMP (E96/37/BMP).

In vivo assessment of the corrosion of nickel-titanium orthodontic archwires by using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy.

This study was undertaken to assess in vivo the corrosion in two commercial nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwires removed from the oral cavity of patients using fluoride mouthwashes. Five volunteers took part in this study on the corrosion behavior of two brands of NiTi archwires (3M and AO (brand of archwire)) during use of two mouthwashes with neutral sodium fluoride 1.1%, one with acidulated fluoride 1.

Biogenic synthesis and antimicrobial activity of silica-coated silver nanoparticles for esthetic dental applications.

Objectives: this study aimed to synthesize AgNPs from green tea (GT) extract, forming GT-AgNPs, and to coat their surfaces with silica, resulting in light-colored Ag@SiO nanoparticles.

Materials And Methods: particles were characterized and tested for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), biofilm formation against Streptococcus mutans and cytotoxicity evaluation on dental pulp fibroblasts.

Results: X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of pure AgNPs, whereas energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapped their elemental atoms.

Texture analysis of cone-beam computed tomography images assists the detection of furcal lesion.

Background: The aim of this study was to apply texture analysis (TA) to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of patients with grade C periodontitis for detection of non-visible changes in the image.

Methods: TA was performed on CBCT scans of 34 patients with grade C periodontitis. Axial sections of CBCT were divided into three groups as follows: Group L (lesion) in which there is a furcal lesion with periodontal bone loss; Group I (intermediate) in which the border of the furcal lesion has normal characteristics; and Group C (control) in which the area is healthy.

Association of volume and voxel intensity of the articular disc and lateral pterygoid muscle in migraine patients: a study with magnetic resonance imaging.

To compare the volume and voxel intensity of articular disc and lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) between a group of migraine patients and a control group (those without history of headache) by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI scans of 17 migraine patients and 15 healthy controls subjects were analysed and processed, using ITK-SNAP software, by a single investigator, for calculation of volumes and voxel intensity of articular disc and superior and inferior head of LPM. There were statistically significant differences between migraine patients and controls regarding the volume and voxel intensity of articular disc and inferior head of LPM, increasing in migraine patients.

Oral health in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: before and after chemotherapy treatment.

Aim: To evaluate changes in the oral health status of children under the age of 14 years with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) attending a cancer centre before and after chemotherapy treatment.

Materials And Methods: A total of 32 children with ALL without distinction of gender were selected for study. The oral cavity of the patients was evaluated before the induction stage and 17 days later.

Conservative approach to the restoration of vital teeth affected by severe tissue wear.

Dental wear is a multifactorial progressive condition of hard tissue loss, often decreasing the vertical dimension and leading to functional and esthetic consequences. Regaining space by using contemporary restorative materials has enabled less invasive treatment options. This clinical report describes a complete mouth restoration of a patient with severe generalized dental wear by progressively increasing the vertical dimension and using conservative prosthetic treatment options to maintain pulp vitality.

Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Anatomical Assessment of the Olfactory Fossa.

This study aimed to investigate the olfactory fossa according to the Keros classification using cone beam computed tomography. This cross-sectional study analysed cone beam computed tomography images selected from a database belonging to a radiology centre. The scans of 174 healthy patients were analysed by using the Xoran software.

Impairment on Cardiopulmonary Function after Marathon: Role of Exhaled Nitric Oxide.

Background: The endurance exercise is capable of inducing skeletal muscle, heart, and respiratory fatigue, evidenced by morphofunctional cardiac changes, release of myocardial injury biomarkers, and reduction of maximal voluntary ventilation and oxygen consumption (VO) at peak exercise.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether marathoners present cardiac fatigue after marathon and whether it correlates with pulmonary levels of exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and pulmonary inflammation.

Methods: 31 male marathoners, age 39 ± 9 years, were evaluated by cardiopulmonary exercise test three weeks before and between three and 15 days after a marathon; eNO analysis and spirometry were evaluated before, immediately after, and 24 and 72 hours after the marathon, and sputum cellularity and cytokine level were assessed before and after the marathon.

MicroRNA 210 Mediates VEGF Upregulation in Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Cultured on 3DHydroxyapatite Ceramic Scaffold.

The aim of the present research was the evaluation of the behavior of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), cultured in presence of Endobon Xenograft Granules (G), a fully deproteinated hydroxyapatite ceramic scaffold derived from cancellous bovine bone. hPDLSCs were seeded with and without G for 24 h to 1 week. The cell growth, morphological features, adhesiveness, differentiation ability, modulation of miR-210 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) secretion were analyzed by means of MTT assay, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), Alizarin Red S assay, RT-PCR and ELISA test, respectively.

Biotherapeutic Effect of Gingival Stem Cells Conditioned Medium in Bone Tissue Restoration.

Bone tissue engineering is one of the main branches of regenerative medicine. In this field, the use of a scaffold, which supported bone development, in combination with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), has promised better outcomes for bone regeneration. In particular, human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSCs) may present advantages compared to other MSCs, including the easier isolation.

Laser photobiomodulation in pressure ulcer healing of human diabetic patients: gene expression analysis of inflammatory biochemical markers.

Pressure ulcers (PU) are wounds located mainly on bone surfaces where the tissue under pressure suffers ischemia leading to cellular lesion and necrosis , its causes and the healing process depend on several factors. The aim of this study was evaluating the gene expression of inflammatory/reparative factors: IL6, TNF, VEGF, and TGF, which take part in the tissue healing process under effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT). In order to perform lesion area analysis, PUs were photographed and computer analyzed.

Laser photobiomodulation of pro-inflammatory mediators on Walker Tumor 256 induced rats.

Unlabelled: Laser photobiomodulation or low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is recognized worldwide for its expansive use in medicine. LLLT has been reported to increase enzymatic activity, increasing the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, leading to an increased energy availability and signal transduction. Nevertheless, an inhibitory effect is also observed by the production of excessive ROS which can result the shutdown of mitochondrial energy production, and finally to apoptosis.

Effects of photobiomodulation therapy and topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on skeletal muscle injury induced by contusion in rats-part 1: morphological and functional aspects.

Musculoskeletal injuries are very frequent and are responsible for causing pain and impairment of muscle function, as well as significant functional limitations. In the acute phase, the most prescribed treatment is with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), despite their questionable effectiveness. However, the use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in musculoskeletal disorders has been increasing in the last few years, and this therapy appears to be an interesting alternative to the traditional drugs.

Effects of photobiomodulation therapy and topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on skeletal muscle injury induced by contusion in rats-part 2: biochemical aspects.

Muscle injuries trigger an inflammatory process, releasing important biochemical markers for tissue regeneration. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is the treatment of choice to promote pain relief due to muscle injury. NSAIDs exhibit several adverse effects and their efficacy is questionable.

Evaluation of laser fluorescence in monitoring non-cavitated caries lesion progression on smooth surfaces in vitro.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a pen-type laser fluorescence (LF) device (LFpen: DIAGNOdent pen) to detect and monitor the progression of caries-like lesions on smooth surfaces. Fifty-two bovine enamel blocks were submitted to three different demineralisation cycles for caries-like lesion induction using Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei and Actinomyces naeslundii. At baseline and after each cycle, the enamel blocks were analysed under Knoop surface micro-hardness (SMH) and an LFpen.

Isolated and combined effects of photobiomodulation therapy, topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and physical activity in the treatment of osteoarthritis induced by papain.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory disease and is characterized as a degenerative process. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of a topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), physical activity, and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) applied alone and/or in combination between them in an experimental model of knee OA. OA was induced by injection of papain in the knees of rats.

Optical Flow Structure Effects in Children's Postural Control.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of distance and optic flow structure on visual information and body sway coupling in children and young adults. Thirty children (from 4 to 12 years of age) and 10 young adults stood upright inside of a moving room oscillating at 0.2 Hz, at 0.

Effect of xylitol varnishes on remineralization of artificial enamel caries lesions in situ.

Objectives: Analyze the effect of varnishes containing xylitol compared to commercial fluoridated varnishes on the remineralization of artificial enamel caries lesions in situ.

Methods: Twenty subjects took part in this crossover, double-blind study performed in four phases of 5days each. Each subject worn palatal appliances containing four predemineralized bovine enamel specimens.