Knowledge of the risks of ultraviolet radiation, sun exposure attitudes and practices among Lebanese university students.

Background: Exposure to Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major risk factor for skin cancer. Data about UVR risk knowledge and exposure behaviors in the Lebanese population are scarce.

Aim: To evaluate the association between UVR risks knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among Lebanese university students in the aim of promoting primary prevention of skin cancer.

A survey of lip lesions diagnosed in a single institution: A clinicopathological study.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the clinicopathological features of lip lesions diagnosed in a single Oral Pathology service in Brazil.

Material And Methods: It was a cross-sectional study based on secondary data. Between 2000 and 2019, all lip lesions diagnosed in an Oral Pathology service in Brazil were analyzed.

The Incidence of Early Postoperative Complications Following Modified Radical Mastectomy in Breast Cancer Patients.

Introduction Breast cancer is considered the most common malignant tumor in women, and incidence rates have risen progressively over the last decades. Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is an effective treatment option. This research sought to establish the frequency, causes, and distribution of postoperative complications that are associated with MRM in the Pakistani population suffering from breast cancer.

Anatomical mapping of neural lineages expressing the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 receptor using a modified and combined PACT and CUBIC protocol for rapid tissue clearance.

Aim: Tissue clearance is a rapidly evolving technology that allows for the three-dimensional imaging of intact biological tissues. Preexisting tissue-clearing techniques, such as Passive Clarity Technique (PACT) and Clear Unobstructed Brain Imaging Cocktails and Computational Analysis (CUBIC), clear tissues adequately but have distinct disadvantages, such as taking extensive time to clear tissues and degradation of endogenous tissue fluorescence. We developed a new tissue-clearing technique combining PACT and CUBIC protocols to map the neural lineages expressing the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor.

LGR5: An emerging therapeutic target for cancer metastasis and chemotherapy resistance.

Cancer stem cells play an important role in tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance. Leucine-rich G repeat-containing protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) has been identified as a cancer stem cell marker in several cancer types. LGR5 is involved in cancer development and progression via several pathways including WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Analysis of radiation oncology integration within general practitioners' daily patient care: a cross-sectional survey in Germany.

Purpose: General practitioners (GPs) play a crucial role in providing interdisciplinary care for radiation oncology patients. This study aims to understand the specific needs and challenges faced by general practitioners in Germany when treating oncology patients.

Methods: A comprehensive web-based questionnaire with 24 items was disseminated to GPs in Germany via email using survio.

Prevalence of Popular Smoking Cessation Aids in England and Associations With Quit Success.

Importance: A wide range of medications, noncombustible nicotine products, behavioral support, and alternative treatments are available in England to help people stop smoking. Understanding their effectiveness outside of clinical trial settings can support informed decision-making.

Objectives: To provide up-to-date estimates of the prevalence of different smoking cessation aids and associations with quit success and to explore moderation by socioeconomic position.

Calorie (energy) labelling for changing selection and consumption of food or alcohol.

Background: Overconsumption of food and consumption of any amount of alcohol increases the risk of non-communicable diseases. Calorie (energy) labelling is advocated as a means to reduce energy intake from food and alcoholic drinks. However, there is continued uncertainty about these potential impacts, with a 2018 Cochrane review identifying only a small body of low-certainty evidence.

Postprandial glycaemic response and pain sensitivity in breast cancer survivors suffering from chronic pain: a double-blind, randomised controlled cross-over pilot experiment.

Introduction: The study's primary goal is to investigate differences in postprandial glycaemic response (PPGR) to beverages with varying glycaemic index (i.e. low and medium) between breast cancer survivors (BCS) with chronic pain and healthy pain-free controls (HC).

Trials and tribulations: a qualitative exploration of researcher perspectives on navigating the challenges of health system implementation research.

Objective: While researchers are crucial to the successful delivery of implementation trials, their perspectives are rarely captured in the evaluation of these trials. This qualitative study aimed to capture the experiences of a small research team coordinating a large, multisite implementation trial (the Hide and Seek Project) in the Australian healthcare setting.

Design: A qualitative approach was used, whereby members of the Hide and Seek Project research team were invited to take part in semistructured focus groups led by an external facilitator.

Racial discrimination among women seeking breast cancer care.

Discrimination can contribute to worse health outcomes, but its prevalence in breast cancer is not well studied. We aimed to understand how women with stage I-III breast cancer faced discrimination in health care and everyday settings through the Everyday Discrimination Scale, cross-sectional survey. 296 women, 178 (60%) Non-Hispanic White (NHW), 76 (26%) Non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and 42 (14%) Hispanic participated.

The influence of locus of control, coping strategies and time perspective on post-traumatic growth in survivors with primary breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer, a potential traumatic stressor, may be accompanied by positive changes, such as post-traumatic growth (PTG), which may allow patients to overcome this stressful event more easily. Our aim was to identify factors associated with PTG in breast cancer survivors (BCSs).

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Seintinelles volunteers who answered online questionnaires.

Exploring dental students' knowledge on oral cancer prevention: a cross-sectional study in Moldova, Armenia, and Belarus.

Background: Survival rate of patients with oral cancer (OC) remains to be very low despite advancements in therapy and surgical techniques. This is attributed to the fact that most OC cases are discovered at a late stage. Dentists play a vital role in early detection of OC through oral mucosal examination, and in informing the patients about avoidable risk factors of the disease, such as tobacco and excessive alcohol use.

Multicentric Cross-Sectional Survey to Assess the Variation of Fractionation Strategies Used in the Management of Head and Neck Cancers in the Asian Region (INNOCENCE-ASIA).

Purpose: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are in general treated with conventional fractionation regimen of 1.8-2 Gy per fraction. Altered fractionation (ALFT) strategies such as hypofractionation radiotherapy (HYPO-RT), accelerated fractionation radiotherapy (AFRT), and hyperfractionation radiotherapy (HFRT) have not been practiced uniformly across centers in different parts of the world.

Distinct myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations in human glioblastoma.

The role of glioma-associated myeloid cells in tumor growth and immune evasion remains poorly understood. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of immune and tumor cells from 33 gliomas, identifying two distinct myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) populations in isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type (IDT-WT) glioblastoma: an early progenitor MDSC (E-MDSC) population with up-regulation of metabolic and hypoxia pathways and a monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) population. Spatial transcriptomics demonstrated that E-MDSCs geographically colocalize with metabolic stem-like tumor cells in the pseudopalisading region.

Decoding the blueprint of receptor binding by filoviruses through large-scale binding assays and machine learning.

Evidence suggests that bats are important hosts of filoviruses, yet the specific species involved remain largely unidentified. Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) is an essential entry receptor, with amino acid variations influencing viral susceptibility and species-specific tropism. Herein, we conducted combinatorial binding studies with seven filovirus glycoproteins (GPs) and NPC1 orthologs from 81 bat species.

Radon mitigation in the workplace in Spain: a cross-sectional interview-based study.

Objective: To evaluate radon mitigation frequency and possible determinants for mitigation among employers in Spain, before the new regulation came into force. We also aimed to assess the reasons for not mitigating radon.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, participants were systematically identified from all employers in Spain who had previously measured occupational radon through the Galician Radon Laboratory from 2015 until 2022.

PET-based lesion graphs meet clinical data: An interpretable cross-attention framework for DLBCL treatment response prediction.

Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is a lymphatic cancer of steadily growing incidence. Its diagnostic and follow-up rely on the analysis of clinical biomarkers and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT images. In this context, we target the problem of assisting in the early identification of high-risk DLBCL patients from both images and tabular clinical data.

Resistance mutations that distinguish HIV-1 envelopes with discordant VRC01 phenotypes from multi-lineage infections in the HVTN703/HPTN081 trial: implications for cross-resistance.

The Antibody Mediated Prevention (AMP) trials showed that passively infused VRC01, a broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) targeting the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) on the HIV-1 envelope protein (Env), protected against neutralization-sensitive viruses. We identified six individuals from the VRC01 treatment arm with multi-lineage breakthrough HIV-1 infections from HVTN703, where one variant was sensitive to VRC01 (IC < 25 ug/mL) but another was resistant. By comparing Env sequences of resistant and sensitive clones from each participant, we identified sites predicted to affect VRC01 neutralization and assessed the effect of their reversion in the VRC01-resistant clone on neutralization sensitivity.

Novel Strategies for the Treatment of Lung Cancer: An In-depth Analysis of the Use of Immunotherapy, Precision Medicine, and Artificial Intelligence to Improve Prognoses.

Therapeutic hurdles persist in the fight against lung cancer, although it is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Results are still not up to par, even with the best efforts of conventional medicine, thus new avenues of investigation are required. Examining how immunotherapy, precision medicine, and AI are being used to manage lung cancer, this review shows how these tools can change the game for patients and increase their chances of survival.

Electrical Heterogeneity in Hispanic Background Subpopulations: The HCHS/SOL.

Background: The Hispanic/Latino population is not uniform. Prevalence and clinical outcomes of cardiac arrhythmias in ethnic background subgroups are variable, but the reasons for differences are unclear. Vectorcardiographic Global Electrical Heterogeneity (GEH) has been shown to be associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Prevalence and clinicopathological characteristics of de novo metastatic cancer at a major radiotherapy centre in West Africa: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Cancer is a major public health challenge in West Africa, with a significant proportion of cancer-related deaths attributed to distant metastasis. De novo metastatic cancer (DnMC), where metastasis is detected at diagnosis, presents considerable therapeutic challenges, particularly in limited-resource settings where novel treatments are often unavailable and/or unaffordable.

Aim: To determine the prevalence, incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with DnMC at a major radiotherapy center in West Africa.

Comparative Analysis of Biochemical and Lipid Profile Markers at Different Stages of Lung Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background:  Systemic inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and changes in biochemical markers are closely associated with the progression of lung cancer. This study focuses on evaluating serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid profile parameters, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in relation to the stages of lung cancer, exploring their potential as biomarkers for assessing disease severity.

Methods: A total of 160 lung cancer patients were selected for a cross-sectional study and equally distributed into four clinical stages (Stages 1-4).

Models and Biomarkers for Local Response Prediction in Early-Stage and Oligometastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Using Machine Learning.

Background A minority of patients receiving stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not good responders. Radiomic features can be used to generate predictive algorithms and biomarkers that can determine treatment outcomes and stratify patients to their therapeutic options. This study investigated and attempted to validate the radiomic and clinical features obtained from early-stage and oligometastatic NSCLC patients who underwent SBRT, to predict local response.