Transition to Survivorship Care for Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs) with Acute Leukemia: Provider Perspectives.

Adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of acute lymphoblastic or myeloid leukemia diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 39 years are at risk for adverse late health effects following cancer treatment and require ongoing survivorship care. This study aims to understand the landscape of transitioning AYAs with leukemia from active treatment to survivorship care. A cross-sectional, anonymous online survey was sent out via listserv/email.

Unveiling cross-reactivity: implications for immune response modulation in cancer.

Antigen recognition by CD8+ T-cell receptors (TCR) is crucial for immune responses to pathogens and tumors. TCRs are cross-reactive, a single TCR can recognize multiple peptide-Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) complexes. The study of cross-reactivity can support the development of therapies focusing on immune modulation, such as the expansion of pre-existing T-cell clones to fight pathogens and tumors.

An orally available P1'-5-fluorinated M inhibitor blocks SARS-CoV-2 replication without booster and exhibits high genetic barrier.

We identified a 5-fluoro-benzothiazole-containing small molecule, TKB272, through fluorine-scanning of the benzothiazole moiety, which more potently inhibits the enzymatic activity of SARS-CoV-2's main protease (M) and more effectively blocks the infectivity and replication of all SARS-CoV-2 strains examined including Omicron variants such as SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 than two M inhibitors: nirmatrelvir and ensitrelvir. Notably, the administration of ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir and ensitrelvir causes drug-drug interactions warranting cautions due to their CYP3A4 inhibition, thereby limiting their clinical utility. When orally administered, TKB272 blocked SARS-CoV-2 replication without ritonavir in B6.

Development of an AI model for predicting hypoxia status and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer using multi-modal data.

Background: Prognosis prediction is crucial for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment planning. While tumor hypoxia significantly impacts patient outcomes, identifying hypoxic genomic markers remains challenging. This study sought to identify hypoxic computed tomography (CT) radiomic features and create an artificial intelligence (AI) model for NSCLC through the integration of multi-modal data.

The combined evaluation of preoperative serum CEA and postoperative tissue CEA as a prognostic factor in stages 0-IV colorectal cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The roles of preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (sCEA) and postoperative tissue carcinoembryonic antigen (tCEA) have been extensively studied in isolation in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the combined role of sCEA and tCEA remains inadequately described.

Methods: A total of 1,757 retrospective cases of stage 0-IV CRC from January 2006 to January 2016 in our institution were included.

Synthesis of Bovine Serum Albumin-Coated Magnetic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Delivery System for Mitoxantrone.

In this study, a bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated magnetic single-walled carbon nanotube (mCNT) was synthesized using covalent functionalization. Mitoxantrone (MTO) was chosen as a model drug, and loading/release profiles of mCNTs were evaluated. To synthesize BSA-coated mCNT, 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl) carbodiimide and -hydroxysuccinimide were used as cross-linking agents.

Acceptor Elongation Boosted Intersystem Crossing Affords Efficient NIR Type-I and AIE-Active Photosensitizers for Targeting Ferroptosis-Based Cancer Therapy.

Photosensitizers (PSs) featuring type I reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) activity offer a promising solution to achieve non-invasive and precise theranostics. However, the reported AIE luminogens (AIEgens) with both AIE characteristic and strong type-I ROS generation are still scarce and the structure-property relationship is still unclear. Herein, an innovative acceptor elongation boosted intersystem crossing (AEBIC) design strategy has been proposed to endow the AIEgen strong type-I ROS producibility.

Association of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution with osteoporosis among cancer survivors: Results from the Korea National Health and nutrition examination survey.

Introduction: Recent studies suggest that ambient air pollution may contribute to osteoporosis; however, research focusing on populations with greater susceptibility is lacking. This study seeks to explore the association between air pollution and osteoporosis focusing on cancer survivors.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed data from 8977 individuals (2245 cancer survivors, 6732 cancer-free population) obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) during 2007-2009 and 2015-2021.

The microenvironment of secondary lymphedema. The key to finding effective treatments?

Lymphedema is characterized by the swelling of extremities due to the accumulation of interstitial fluids. It is a painful and devastating disease that increases the risk of infections and destroys patients' quality of life. Secondary lymphedema is caused by damage to the lymphatic system due to infections, obesity, surgery, and cancer treatments.

HLA I immunopeptidome of synthetic long peptide pulsed human dendritic cells for therapeutic vaccine design.

Synthetic long peptides (SLPs) are a promising vaccine modality that exploit dendritic cells (DC) to treat chronic infections or cancer. Currently, the design of SLPs relies on in silico prediction and multifactorial T cells assays to determine which SLPs are best cross-presented on DC human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I). Furthermore, it is unknown how TLR ligand-based adjuvants affect DC cross-presentation.

CK2α-mediated phosphorylation of DUB3 promotes YAP1 stability and oncogenic functions.

The aberrant upregulation of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) in a variety of solid cancers contributes to tumor progression and poor clinical outcomes, rendering it an appealing therapeutic target. However, effective therapies to directly target YAP1 remain challenging. In this study, we perform a high-throughput screening and identify Casein kinase II (CK2) as an uncharacterized upstream regulator of YAP1 turnover in cancer cells of ovarian cancer and several other cancer types.

Impact of stain variation and color normalization for prognostic predictions in pathology.

In recent years, deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in pathology applications, potentially even outperforming expert pathologists due to their ability to learn subtle features from large datasets. One complication in preparing digital pathology datasets for DNN tasks is the variation in tinctorial qualities. A common way to address this is to perform stain normalization on the images.

Resting state EEG in young children with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: associations with medications and seizures.

Background: Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a rare genetic condition caused by mutation to TSC1 or TSC2 genes, with a population prevalence of 1/7000 births. TSC manifests behaviorally with features of autism, epilepsy, and intellectual disability. Resting state electroencephalography (EEG) offers a window into neural oscillatory activity and may serve as an intermediate biomarker between gene expression and behavioral manifestations.

Epidemiology of bacterial biofilms on polyps and normal tissues in a screening colonoscopy cohort.

Background: Invasive bacterial biofilms are implicated in colorectal cancer. However, their prevalence on histologically normal tissues and polyps is not well established, and risk factors of biofilms have not been previously investigated. Here we evaluated potential procedural and demographic risk factors associated with biofilm status using a cross-sectional observational cohort.

Role of immune cell homeostasis in research and treatment response in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Introduction Recently, immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) have become crucial in regulating cancer progression and treatment responses. The dynamic interactions between tumors and immune cells are emerging as a promising strategy to activate the host's immune system against various cancers. The development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involve complex biological processes, with the role of the TME and tumor phenotypes still not fully understood.

Multidimensional fatigue and its impact on work productivity, mood and quality of life in long-term survivors following definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) can lead to late toxicity. Fatigue is a known debilitating issue for many cancer survivors, yet prevalence and severity of long-term fatigue in patients treated for OPC is unknown.

Method: As part of a mixed-methods study, fatigue in OPC patients ≥ 2 years post RT + / - chemotherapy was evaluated.

Nursing knowledge in cardio-oncology: results of an international learning needs-assessment survey.

Background: With early detection and improvements in systemic and local therapies, millions of people are surviving cancer, but for some at a high cost. In some cancer types, cardiovascular disease now competes with recurrent cancer as the cause of death. Traditional care models, in which the cardiologist or oncologist assess patients individually, do not address complex cancer and cardiovascular needs.

The interplay of sex and genotype in disease associations: a comprehensive network analysis in the UK Biobank.

Background: Disease comorbidities and longer-term complications, arising from biologically related associations across phenotypes, can lead to increased risk of severe health outcomes. Given that many diseases exhibit sex-specific differences in their genetics, our objective was to determine whether genotype-by-sex (GxS) interactions similarly influence cross-phenotype associations. Through comparison of sex-stratified disease-disease networks (DDNs)-where nodes represent diseases and edges represent their relationships-we investigate sex differences in patterns of polygenicity and pleiotropy between diseases.

Whole lung radiomic features are associated with overall survival in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy.

Background: Several studies have suggested that lung tissue heterogeneity is associated with overall survival (OS) in lung cancer. However, the quantitative relationship between the two remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of whole lung-based and tumor-based radiomics for OS in LA-NSCLC treated with definitive radiotherapy.

Meta-analyses of mouse and human prostate single-cell transcriptomes reveal widespread epithelial plasticity in tissue regression, regeneration, and cancer.

Background: Despite extensive analysis, the dynamic changes in prostate epithelial cell states during tissue homeostasis as well as tumor initiation and progression have been poorly characterized. However, recent advances in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology have greatly facilitated studies of cell states and plasticity in tissue maintenance and cancer, including in the prostate.

Methods: We have performed meta-analyses of new and previously published scRNA-seq datasets for mouse and human prostate tissues to identify and compare cell populations across datasets in a uniform manner.

Palliative care needs and quality of life among adults with advanced chronic illnesses in low-income communities of Bangladesh.

Objectives: Palliative care (PC) is an interdisciplinary approach aimed at improving the physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being of patients and families affected by life-threatening diseases. This study aimed to investigate the need for PC among critically ill patients and their quality of life (QOL) in low-income groups in Bangladesh.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at four healthcare facilities from March to April 2023, involving 553 registered patients with advanced chronic conditions.

Development of a clinical prediction model for benign and malignant pulmonary nodules with a CTR ≥ 50% utilizing artificial intelligence-driven radiomics analysis.

Objective: In clinical practice, diagnosing the benignity and malignancy of solid-component-predominant pulmonary nodules is challenging, especially when 3D consolidation-to-tumor ratio (CTR) ≥ 50%, as malignant ones are more invasive. This study aims to develop and validate an AI-driven radiomics prediction model for such nodules to enhance diagnostic accuracy.

Methods: Data of 2,591 pulmonary nodules from five medical centers (Zhengzhou People's Hospital, etc.

PSMC2 promotes resistance against temozolomide in glioblastoma via suppressing JNK-mediated autophagic cell death.

Temozolomide is universally used to treat glioblastoma due to its unique ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit tumor growth through DNA alkylation. However, over time, the inevitable emergence of resistance to temozolomide impedes successful treatment of this cancer. As a result, there is an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets to improve treatment outcomes for this malignancy.

A robust auto-contouring and data augmentation pipeline for adaptive MRI-guided radiotherapy of pancreatic cancer with a limited dataset.

This study aims to develop and evaluate a fast and robust deep learningbased auto-segmentation approach for organs at risk in MRI-guided radiotherapy of pancreatic cancer to overcome the problems of time-intensive manual contouring in online adaptive workflows. The research focuses on implementing novel data augmentation techniques to address the challenges posed by limited datasets. Approach: This study was conducted in two phases.

Food groups, macronutrient intake and objective measures of total carotenoids and fatty acids in 16-to-24-year-olds following different plant-based diets compared to an omnivorous diet.

Background: Knowledge about the diet quality among youth who follow different types of plant-based diets is essential to understand whether support is required to ensure a well-planned diet that meets their nutritional needs. This study aimed to investigate how food groups, macronutrient intake, and objective blood measures varied between Norwegian youth following different plant-based diets compared to omnivorous diet.

Methods: Cross-sectional design, with healthy 16-to-24-year-olds (n = 165) recruited from the Agder area in Norway, following a vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, pescatarian, flexitarian or omnivore diet.