Soil microbiological assessment on diversified annual cropping systems in China.

Recent studies have demonstrated that monocropping of flue-cured tobacco can lead to various issues, including nutrient deficiencies, accumulation of allelopathic substances, and disturbance in soil microbial flora. While diversification in cropping systems has proven effective in alleviating monocropping barriers, however, further exploration is needed to understand the potential microbial mechanisms involved in this process. In our study, we set five cropping systems (RR: rice monocropping; TR: tobacco-rice rotation over 20 years; TRA: tobacco-rice-astragalus rotation; TRW: tobacco-rice-wheat rotation; TRO: tobacco-rice-oilseed rape rotation) to explore the impact on crop yield and quality, soil chemical properties, and microbial diversity.

Role of hypothetical protein PA1-LRP in antibacterial activity of endolysin from a new phage PA1.

Introduction: has emerged as a significant plant pathogen affecting various crops worldwide, causing substantial economic losses. Bacteriophages and their endolysins offer promising alternatives for controlling bacterial infections, addressing the growing concerns of antibiotic resistance.

Methods: This study isolated and characterized the phage PA1 and investigated the role of PA1-LRP in directly damaging bacteria and assisting endolysin PA1-Lys in cell lysis, comparing its effect to exogenous transmembrane domains following the identification and analysis of the PA1-Lys and the PA1-LRP based on whole genome analysis of phage PA1.

Wild rice GL12 synergistically improves grain length and salt tolerance in cultivated rice.

The abounding variations in wild rice provided potential reservoirs of beneficial genes for rice breeding. Maintaining stable and high yields under environmental stresses is a long-standing goal of rice breeding but is challenging due to internal trade-off mechanisms. Here, we report wild rice GL12 improves grain length and salt tolerance in both indica and japonica genetic backgrounds.

Integrated Transcriptional and Metabolomic Analysis of Factors Influencing Root Tuber Enlargement during Early Sweet Potato Development.

Background: Sweet potato ( (L.) Lam.) is widely cultivated as an important food crop.

OsGRF6-OsYUCCA1/OsWRKY82 Signaling Cascade Upgrade Grain Yield and Bacterial Blight Resistance in Rice.

As a major crop in the world, the sustainable development of rice is often severely restricted by bacterial blight. Breeding crops with resistance is an efficient way to control bacterial blight. However, enhancing resistance often incurs a fitness penalty, making it challenging to simultaneously increase bacterial blight resistance and yield potential.

Genomic Characterization of Phage ZP3 and Its Endolysin LysZP with Antimicrobial Potential against pv. .

pv. (Xoo) is a significant bacterial pathogen responsible for outbreaks of bacterial leaf blight in rice, posing a major threat to rice cultivation worldwide. Effective management of this pathogen is crucial for ensuring rice yield and food security.

Natural allelic variations confer drought tolerance and influence nodule formation in soybean.

Unlabelled: Soybean [ (L.) Merr.] is one of the most important, but a drought-sensitive, crops.

Mining Candidate Genes for Leaf Angle in L. by Combining QTL Mapping and RNA Sequencing Analysis.

Leaf angle (LA) is an important trait of plant architecture, and individuals with narrow LA can better capture canopy light under high-density planting, which is beneficial for increasing the overall yield per unit area. To study the genetic basis and molecular regulation mechanism of leaf angle in rapeseed, we carried out a series of experiments. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping was performed using the RIL population, and seven QTLs were identified.

Biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote rapid-cycling Brassica napus growth under cadmium stress.

Purpose: To explore the mechanisms of tolerance of Brassica napus to ultra-high concentration cadmium pollution and the synergistic effects of biochar (BC) and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant growth under cadmium (Cd) stress.

Results: The application of 5 % BC and inoculation with 10 g AMF significantly promoted the growth and development of B. napus.

Assessment and phenotypic identification of millet germplasm ( L.) in Liaoning, China.

Aims: This study evaluated millet germplasms in Liaoning Province to support the collection, preservation and innovation of millet germplasm resources.

Methods: The study was conducted from 2018 to 2020, involved the selection of 105 millet germplasm resources from the Germplasm Bank of the Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences (LAAS), the observation and recording of 31 traits, and the application of multivariate analysis methods to assess phenotypic diversity.

Results: From the diversity analysis and correlation analysis, it was found that the tested traits had abundant diversity and complex correlations among them.

Mitigating citrus fruit cracking: the efficacy of chelated calcium or silicon foliar fertilizers in 'Okitsu no. 58' citrus fruit.

The 'Okitsu No. 58' citrus variety is highly prone to fruit cracking, which jeopardizes yield and results in economic losses. In this study, we investigated the impacts of spraying 5 distinct concentrations (0.

Nitrogen inhibition of nitrogenase activity involves the modulation of cytosolic invertase in soybean nodule.

Legume symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) is suppressed by inorganic nitrogen (N) in the soil. High N inhibition of nitrogenase activity is associated with the deprivation of carbon allocation and metabolism in nodules. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

Effects of Biochar and Straw Amendment on Soil Fertility and Microbial Communities in Paddy Soils.

Straw and biochar, two commonly used soil amendments, have been shown to enhance soil fertility and the composition of microbial communities. To compare the effects of straw and biochar on soil fertility, particularly focusing on soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) components, and the physiochemical properties of soil and microbial communities, a combination of high-throughput sequencing and three-dimensional fluorescence mapping technology was employed. In our study, we set up four treatments, i.

Phytoalexin sakuranetin attenuates endocytosis and enhances resistance to rice blast.

Phytoalexin sakuranetin functions in resistance against rice blast. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of sakuranetin remains elusive. Here, we report that rice lines expressing resistance (R) genes were found to contain high levels of sakuranetin, which correlates with attenuated endocytic trafficking of plasma membrane (PM) proteins.

Exploitation of the Genetic Variability of Diverse Metric Traits of Durum Wheat ( L. ssp. Desf.) Cultivars for Local Adaptation to Semi-Arid Regions of Algeria.

Abiotic stresses pose significant challenges to wheat farming, yet exploiting the genetic variability within germplasm collections offers an opportunity to effectively address these challenges. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of key agronomic traits among twenty durum wheat cultivars, with the intention to pinpoint those better suited to semi-arid conditions. Field trials were conducted at the ITGC-FDPS Institute, Setif, Algeria, during the winter season of 2021/22.

Nickel oxide nanoparticles: A new generation nanoparticles to combat bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and enhance rice plant growth.

Recently, nanotechnology is among the most promising technologies used in all areas of research. The production of metal nanoparticles using plant parts has received significant attention for its environmental friendliness and effectiveness. Therefore, we investigated the possible applications of biological synthesized nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs).

The ubiquitin-proteasome system in the plant response to abiotic stress: Potential role in crop resilience improvement.

The post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins by ubiquitination modulates many physiological processes in plants. As the major protein degradation pathway in plants, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is considered a promising target for improving crop tolerance drought, high salinity, extreme temperatures, and other abiotic stressors. The UPS also participates in abiotic stress-related abscisic acid (ABA) signaling.

Genetic gains in early maturing maize hybrids developed by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center in Southern Africa during 2000-2018.

Genetic gain estimation in a breeding program provides an opportunity to monitor breeding efficiency and genetic progress over a specific period. The present study was conducted to (i) assess the genetic gains in grain yield of the early maturing maize hybrids developed by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Southern African breeding program during the period 2000-2018 and (ii) identify key agronomic traits contributing to the yield gains under various management conditions. Seventy-two early maturing hybrids developed by CIMMYT and three commercial checks were assessed under stress and non-stress conditions across 68 environments in seven eastern and southern African countries through the regional on-station trials.

Assessing the structure and diversity of fungal community in plant soil under different climatic and vegetation conditions.

Introduction: Understanding microbial communities in diverse ecosystems is crucial for unraveling the intricate relationships among microorganisms, their environment, and ecosystem processes. In this study, we investigated differences in the fungal community structure and diversity in soils from two contrasting climatic and vegetation conditions: the Xinjiang western China plateau and the Fujian southeastern coastal province.

Methods: A total of 36 soil samples collected from two climatic regions were subjected to high-throughput ITS gene sequencing for fungal community analysis.