Transcriptome Analysis Deciphers the Underlying Molecular Mechanism of Peanut Lateral Branch Angle Formation Using Erect Branching Mutant.

The growth habit (GH), also named the branching habit, is an important agronomic trait of peanut and mainly determined by the lateral branch angle (LBA). The branching habit is closely related to peanut mechanized farming, pegging, yield, and disease management. However, the molecular basis underlying peanut LBA needs to be uncovered.

Physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying the role of anthocyanin in acquired tolerance to salt stress in peanut ( L.).

Anthocyanin is an important pigment that prevents oxidative stress and mediates adaptation of plants to salt stress. Peanuts with dark red and black testa are rich in anthocyanin. However, correlation between salt tolerance and anthocyanin content in black and dark red testa peanuts is unknown.

High-density bin-based genetic map reveals a 530-kb chromosome segment derived from wild peanut contributing to late leaf spot resistance.

Twenty-eight QTLs for LLS disease resistance were identified using an amphidiploid constructed mapping population, a favorable 530-kb chromosome segment derived from wild species contributes to the LLS resistance. Late leaf spot (LLS) is one of the major foliar diseases of peanut, causing serious yield loss and affecting the quality of kernel and forage. Some wild Arachis species possess higher resistance to LLS as compared with cultivated peanut; however, ploidy level differences restrict utilization of wild species.

Nitrogen application in pod zone improves yield and quality of two peanut cultivars by modulating nitrogen accumulation and metabolism.

Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) represents one of the most important oil and cash crops world-widely. Unlike many other legumes, peanuts absorb nitrogen through their underground pods.

Phylogenomic Analysis of Gene Superfamily and Their Association with Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Peanut ( L.).

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) constitute extensive enzyme superfamilies in the plants, playing pivotal roles in a multitude of biosynthetic and detoxification pathways essential for growth and development, such as the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. However, CYPs have not yet been systematically studied in the cultivated peanuts ( L.), a globally significant cash crop.

Transcriptional networks orchestrating red and pink testa color in peanut.

Background: Testa color is an important trait of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) which is closely related with the nutritional and commercial value. Pink and red are main color of peanut testa.

Melatonin in Micro-Tom Tomato: Improved Drought Tolerance via the Regulation of the Photosynthetic Apparatus, Membrane Stability, Osmoprotectants, and Root System.

Environmental variations caused by global climate change significantly affect plant yield and productivity. Because water scarcity is one of the most significant risks to agriculture's future, improving the performance of plants to cope with water stress is critical. Our research scrutinized the impact of melatonin application on the photosynthetic machinery, photosynthetic physiology, root system, osmoprotectant accumulation, and oxidative stress in tomato plants during drought.

Effect of Salt Stress on Growth and Physiological Properties of Asparagus Seedlings.

Salt stress could inhibit the growth and development of crops and negatively affect yield and quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological responses of different asparagus cultivars to salt stress. Twenty days old seedlings ofasalt-tolerant Apollo andasalt-sensitive cultivar JL1 were subjected to 0 (CK) and120 mM NaCl stress for 20 d.

Targeted metabolome analysis reveals accumulation of metabolites in testa of four peanut germplasms.

Cultivated peanut ( L.) is an important source of edible oil and protein. Peanut testa (seed coat) provides protection for seeds and serves as a carrier for diversity metabolites necessary for human health.

BSA‑seq and genetic mapping identified candidate genes for branching habit in peanut.

The candidate gene AhLBA1 controlling lateral branch angel of peanut was fine-mapped to a 136.65-kb physical region on chromosome 15 using the BSA-seq and QTL mapping. Lateral branch angel (LBA) is an important plant architecture trait of peanut, which plays key role in lodging, peg soil penetration and pod yield.

Codon optimization of chicken β Gallinacin-3 gene results in constitutive expression and enhanced antimicrobial activity in transgenic Medicago sativa L.

Gallinacin-3 (Gal-3) is a newly discovered epithelial beta-defensin that acts as cationic antimicrobial peptides, and plays an important role in chicken innate immunity. However, the gallinacin-3 precursor containeda lengthy C-terminal region, which often hindered itsexpression. After codon optimization of Gal-3 and construction of an expression vector, the transgenic plants of Medicago sativa were obtained.

Bulk RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Lateral Branch Angle in Peanut.

Lateral branch angle (LBA), or branch habit, is one of the most important agronomic traits in peanut. To date, the underlying molecular mechanisms of LBA have not been elucidated in peanut. To acquire the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to LBA, a TI population was constructed through the hybridization of a bunch-type peanut variety Tifrunner and prostrate-type Ipadur.

Identification and functional characterization of safflower cysteine protease 1 as negative regulator in response to low-temperature stress in transgenic Arabidopsis.

We performed genome-wide and heterologous expression analysis of the safflower cysteine protease family and found that inhibition of CtCP1 expression enhanced plant cold resistance. Cysteine protease (CP) is mainly involved in plant senescence and stress responses. However, the molecular mechanism of endogenous cysteine protease inhibition in plant stress tolerance is yet unknown.

High-Density Genetic Variation Map Reveals Key Candidate Loci and Genes Associated With Important Agronomic Traits in Peanut.

Peanut is one of the most important cash crops with high quality oil, high protein content, and many other nutritional elements, and grown globally. Cultivated peanut ( L.) is allotetraploid with a narrow genetic base, and its genetics and molecular mechanisms controlling the agronomic traits are poorly understood.

BSA‑seq and genetic mapping reveals AhRt2 as a candidate gene responsible for red testa of peanut.

The candidate recessive gene AhRt2 responsible for red testa of peanut was identified through combined BSA-seq and linkage mapping approaches. The testa color of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important trait, and those with red testa are particularly popular owing to the high-anthocyanin content.

AhNPR3 regulates the expression of WRKY and PR genes, and mediates the immune response of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

Systemic acquired resistance is an essential immune response that triggers a broad-spectrum disease resistance throughout the plant. In the present study, we identified a peanut lesion mimic mutant m14 derived from an ethyl methane sulfonate-mutagenized mutant pool of peanut cultivar "Yuanza9102." Brown lesions were observed in the leaves of an m14 mutant from seedling stage to maturity.

Identification of Candidate Genes for Drought Tolerance at Maize Seedlings Using Genome-Wide Association.

Background: Drought stress is a serious threat that limit maize growth and production.

Objectives: The assessment tolerance level of maize by measuring changes in the main biochemical and physiological indicators under drought stress.

Material And Methods: We performed a genome-wide association analysis of biochemical and physiological indicators using an elite association panel.

Detection of QTNs for kernel moisture concentration and kernel dehydration rate before physiological maturity in maize using multi-locus GWAS.

Maize is China's largest grain crop. Mechanical grain harvesting is the key technology in maize production, and the kernel moisture concentration (KMC) is the main controlling factor in mechanical maize harvesting in China. The kernel dehydration rate (KDR) is closely related to the KMC.

Combined endocrine disruptive toxicity of malathion and cypermethrin to gene transcription and hormones of the HPG axis of male zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Cypermethrin (CYP) and malathion (MAT) have been widely used and are frequently detected in surface waters. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the endocrine disrupting toxicity of CYP, MAT, and CYP + MAT to 5-month-old male zebrafish (Danio rerio). After exposure, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) did not change significantly.

QTL mapping and GWAS for field kernel water content and kernel dehydration rate before physiological maturity in maize.

Kernel water content (KWC) and kernel dehydration rate (KDR) are two main factors affecting maize seed quality and have a decisive influence on the mechanical harvest. It is of great importance to map and mine candidate genes related to KWCs and KDRs before physiological maturity in maize. 120 double-haploid (DH) lines constructed from Si287 with low KWC and JiA512 with high KWC were used as the mapping population.

Changes in thyroid hormone levels and related gene expressions in embryo-larval zebrafish exposed to binary combinations of bifenthrin and acetochlor.

Bifenthrin (BF) and acetochlor (AT) are widely used as an insecticide and herbicide, respectively, which are introduced to the aquatic environment as a natural result. Although the thyroid active substances may coexist in the environment, their joint effects on fish have not been identified. We examined the joint toxicity of BF and AT in zebrafish (Danio rerio) in this study.

Overexpression of GmNFYA5 confers drought tolerance to transgenic Arabidopsis and soybean plants.

Background: Crop productivity is challenged by abiotic stresses, among which drought stress is the most common. NF-Y genes, especially NF-YA genes, regulate tolerance to abiotic stress.

Results: Soybean NF-Y gene GmNFYA5 was identified to have the highest transcript level among all 21 NF-YA genes in soybean (Glycine max L.