Coxiella burnetii (Q-fever) outbreak associated with non-occupational exposure in a semi-urban area of western Croatia in 2022.

In March 2022, an outbreak of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) with non-occupational exposure was confirmed in a semi-urban area in Čavle, Croatia. Veterinary and human epidemiological investigations were conducted to identify the source of the outbreak and to implement appropriate control measures. Three farms were settled next to each other near the homes of the first human cases at the end of the street.

Genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato from animals and humans in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is recognized as one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, no systemic investigation of the genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato circulating among animals and humans in the country has been performed to date.

Methods: In this preliminary study, we analysed one cyst each from 36 sheep, 27 cattle, 27 pigs, 11 wild boars and 16 human patients for amplification and partial sequencing of the adenosine triphosphate 6 (atp6) and cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) genes.

Cross-Reactive Antibodies in Tick-Borne Encephalitis: Case Report and Literature Review.

Flaviviruses are a heterogeneous group of viruses that may induce broad antigenic cross-reactivity. We present a patient who was admitted to the infectious disease department with symptoms suggestive of aseptic meningitis. During the clinical workup, the patient reported a tick bite two weeks before the disease onset.

Quantification of Antiviral Cytokines in Serum, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Urine of Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Croatia.

Background: Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most significant arboviruses affecting the human central nervous system (CNS) in Europe. Data on cytokine response in TBEV infection are limited.

Methods: We analyzed the cytokine response in serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and urine samples of patients with TBE.

Is the Illegal Trade of Glass Eels () Increasing the Spread of Disease? A Case of EVEX.

The European eel () is a catadromous species that inhabits the rivers of the Adriatic watershed in Croatia. It is a critically endangered fish species, according to the IUCN, due to its declining abundance in European rivers caused by overfishing and trafficking and by diseases caused by nematodes, pathogenic bacteria and viruses. An illegal parcel of glass eels was confiscated at the Zagreb Airport and was intended to re-populate Croatian rivers.

Characterization of Populations from Cultured European Seabass and the Surrounding Marine Environment with Emphasis on . .

species are widely distributed and can be potentially pathogenic to aquatic organisms. In this study, we isolated spp. from environmental samples (seawater, sediment, and fish swabs) collected over a three-year period from a fish farm in Mali Ston Bay in the Adriatic Sea, Croatia, and assess their distribution.

Introduction to new guidelines for validation of methods to examine visually recognisable substances.

Visual examination of visually recognisable substances, including microscopy, focus on targets or contaminants such as particles of animal origin, plant seeds, spore bodies of moulds, sclerotia, packaging material, microplastic and 'Besatz' (everything that differs from the norm). The two principal results are counts (numbers) and weights for macroscopic methods, or presence/absence for microscopic methods. The level of detection equals at least the size of one unit, usually with a weight exceeding 1 mg, which is in the range of parts per million (ppm).

Epidemiology of Aujeszky disease in wild boars (Sus scrofa L.) in Croatia.

Aujeszky disease (AD) or pseudorabies is a viral disease of domestic and wild animals caused by the Suid alphaherpesvirus 1. In wild boar infection usually undergo latent phase but under certain conditions reactivation of the virus can result in a disease. Seroprevalence in wild boars ranges from 0.

Novel equi merozoite antigen (ema-1) gene heterogeneity in a geographically isolated Theileria equi population in Croatia.

Background: The apicomplexan haemoparasite Theileria equi, a causative agent of equine piroplasmosis, is an established pathogen of significant welfare and economic concern within the Croatian equine population. A previous large surveillance study of T. equi has identified two distinct parasite populations, one in the north and one in the south, geographically separated by the Dinaric Alps, which traverse the country.

Surveillance of Tahyna Orthobunyavirus in Urban Areas in Croatia-The "One Health" Approach.

Background: Tahyna orthobunyavirus (TAHV) is a neglected mosquito-borne bunyavirus. Although the virus is widespread in continental Europe, TAHV infections are rarely reported. We analyzed the prevalence of TAHV in humans and different animal species as well as mosquitoes collected in urban areas of Zagreb and its surroundings in the period from 2020 to 2022.

Rotavirus A in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boars: High Genetic Diversity and Interspecies Transmission.

Rotavirus A (RVA) is an important pathogen for porcine health. In comparison to humans, RVA in domestic animals and especially in wildlife is under researched. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence, genetic diversity, molecular epidemiology and interspecies transmission of RVA in domestic pigs and wild boars.

Prevalence and Characterization of Shiga Toxin Producing Isolated from Animal Feed in Croatia.

A survey on prevalence and number of Shiga toxin-producing () (STEC) in animal feed was carried out over a period of nine years in the Republic of Croatia. A total of 1688 feed samples were collected from feed factories and poultry farms. Analysis included two standard procedures: sample enrichment and (a) immunomagnetic separation and plating on two selective media; or (b) plating on two selective media.

First Data on spp. Presence in Shellfish in Croatia.

This study aimed to assess the presence of thermotolerant spp., as one of the most important foodborne zoonotic pathogens, in three shellfish species: mussels (), oysters () and queen scallops (). The samples were collected from nine locations in the Istrian aquatory, Croatia.

Compositional Changes in the Extra Virgin Olive Oil Used as a Medium for Cheese Preservation.

The influence of semi-hard (C1), hard (C2), and soft whey cheese (C3) immersed in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on its oxidative and hydrolytic parameters, fatty acids, and phenolic composition during two months of simultaneous storage was investigated. Accelerated hydrolytic and oxidative degradation was noted in EVOO stored with the immersed cheese compared to control oil. Oxidation indicator (K), myristic (C 14:0), and -oleic fatty acid (C18:1t) exceeded the prescribed limit for the EVOO category in oils stored with immersed C1 and C2, which indicated that standard analytical parameters are ineffective as tools to examine the declared quality and authenticity of such topping oils.

Resistome Analysis of Strains Isolated from Human Stool and Primary Sterile Samples in Croatia.

Campylobacteriosis represents a global health challenge due to continuously increasing trends of antimicrobial resistance in . can sometimes cause life-threatening and severe systematic infections (bacteremia, meningitis, and other extraintestinal infections) with very few antibiotics left as treatment options. Bearing in mind that is the predominant species in humans, in this paper, we present a study of the differences in antimicrobial resistance and genotype distribution between strains isolated from stool and primary sterile sites.

Profiling of Croatian Consumers Based on Their Intention to Consume Farmed Fish.

Today's increased demand and consumption of fish would be impossible to ensure without aquaculture. Farmed fish, however, is often considered inferior among consumers in comparison to its wild counterparts. The aim of this study was to profile Croatian fishery consumers based on their intention to consume farmed fish.

The Occurrence of Five Unregulated Mycotoxins Most Important for Traditional Dry-Cured Meat Products.

This study investigated the occurrence of 5 unregulated mycotoxins in a total of 250 traditional dry-cured meat products sampled in 2020 and 2021 in five Croatian regions (eastern, northern, central, western, and southern). Aflatoxin B (AFB), ochratoxin A (OTA), sterigmatocystin (STC), citrinin (CIT), and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) concentrations were related to the geographical region of the product's origin and to local weather. The results revealed the contamination of 27% of samples, namely, STC in 4% of samples in concentrations of up to 3.

Determination of Fumonisins in Grains and Poultry Feedstuffs in Croatia: A 16-Year Study.

Fumonisins are a group of closely related mycotoxins produced by and species. Their occurrence is correlated with various factors during growth, processing and storage. Fumonisins occurrence data in the literature mainly include the B group of fumonisins (FB1 & FB2) in raw materials, showing high frequency of positive samples in a wide range of concentrations.

A plant-based diet supplemented with Hermetia illucens alone or in combination with poultry by-product meal: one step closer to sustainable aquafeeds for European seabass.

Background: Increasing demand for high-value fish species and pressure on forage fish is challenging aquaculture to ensure sustainable growth by replacing protein sources in aquafeeds with plant and terrestrial animal proteins, without compromising the economic value and quality of the final fish product. In the present study, the effects of a plant protein-based diet (CV), two plant-based diets in which graded amounts of plan protein mixtures were replaced with Hermetia illucens meal alone (VH10) or in combination with poultry by-product meal (PBM) (VH10P30), a fishmeal (FM) diet (CF) and an FM diet supplemented with H. illucens (FH10) on growth performance, gut health and homeostasis of farmed subadult European seabass were tested and compared.

Fish Consumption: Influence of Knowledge, Product Information, and Satisfaction with Product Attributes.

Due to its numerous health benefits, fish consumption should be strongly encouraged. Fish consumption, however, is a complex phenomenon influenced by various factors. The aim of this research is to examine the influence of knowledge, product information, and satisfaction with product attributes on fish consumption in a nationally representative sample of people responsible for food purchasing within households in Croatia (n = 977) and Italy (n = 967).