The Re-Emergence of Neuroinvasive Flaviviruses in Croatia During the 2022 Transmission Season.

(Re-)emerging arboviruses, such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Usutu virus (USUV), are continuously increasing in incidence. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of flavivirus infections in humans, sentinel animals, and mosquitoes detected in the 2022 transmission season in Croatia. From April to November 2022, 110 hospitalized patients with neuroinvasive diseases (NID) were tested for the presence of arboviruses.

Listeriosis: Characteristics, Occurrence in Domestic Animals, Public Health Significance, Surveillance and Control.

Listeriosis is a dangerous zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus , with (LM) being the most pathogenic species. has been detected in various animal species and in humans, and its ability to evolve from an environmental saprophyte to a powerful intracellular pathogen is driven by the invasion mechanisms and virulence factors that enable cell invasion, replication and cell-to-cell spread. Key regulatory systems, including positive regulatory factor A (PrfA) and the stress-responsive sigma factor σ, control the expression of virulence genes and facilitate invasion of host cells.

Quantifying the effects of the mitochondrial genome on milk production traits in dairy cows: empirical results and modelling challenges.

Significant advances in livestock traits have been achieved primarily through selection strategies targeting variation in the nuclear genome, with little attention given to mitogenome variation. We analyzed the influence of the mitogenome on milk production traits of Holstein cattle in Croatia based on strategically generated next-generation sequencing data for 109 cows pedigree-linked to 7115 milk production records (milk, fat and protein yield) from 3006 cows (first 5 lactations). Since little is known about the biology of the relationship between mitogenome variation and production traits, our quantitative genetic modeling was complex.

Age-related presence and genetic diversity of Campylobacter spp. in young and adult yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) in Croatia.

The epidemiology of Campylobacter species in wild birds is still poorly understood. This study describes the occurrence and genetic diversity of Campylobacter in adult and nestlings of yellow-legged gulls, highlighting differences between breeding locations. The gulls were captured in Croatia between 2021 and 2023.

The Influence of Dapagliflozin on Foot Microcirculation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes with and without Peripheral Arterial Disease-A Pilot Study.

The results of large cardiovascular studies indicate that SGLT-2 inhibitors may increase the risk of leg amputations. This study aims to investigate whether dapagliflozin therapy affects peripheral vascular oxygenation, i.e.

Mineral Concentrations in Different Types of Honey Originating from Three Regions of Continental Croatia.

Honey has been recognized as a reliable indicator of environmental quality because of honeybees' intense foraging activity, which brings them into contact with many persistent organic pollutants around the hive. In this study, four types of honey (meadow, acacia, chestnut, and honey in comb) collected at three different locations were analyzed for Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn levels. The highest levels of Fe and Cu in chestnut honey, Co and Zn in meadow honey, and Pb in honey in comb were observed in Varaždin County.

Characterization of Bacterial Communities on Trout Skin and Eggs in Relation to Infection Status.

We have investigated the changes in the microbial communities on the surface of trout eggs and the skin of adult trout in relation to the presence of . This pathogen causes saprolegniosis, a disease responsible for significant losses in salmonid farms and hatcheries. It is known from other disease systems that the host-associated microbiome plays a crucial role in the defence against pathogens, but if the pathogen predominates, this can lead to dysbiosis.

Editorial for the Special Issue "Emerging Viral Zoonoses, Second Edition".

The "One World-One Health" framework has underscored the critical need for interdisciplinary collaboration in understanding and combating emerging viral zoonoses [...

Direct Determination of Glyphosate and Its Metabolites in Foods of Animal Origin by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Glyphosate is the most used herbicide in agriculture. Its major metabolite is AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid), but N-acetyl-AMPA and N-acetylglyphosate are also metabolites of interest. For risk assessment, a general residue definition was proposed as the sum of glyphosate, AMPA, N-acetyl-glyphosate and N-acetyl-AMPA, expressed as glyphosate.

Bat Bites and Rabies PEP in the Croatian Reference Centre for Rabies 1995-2020.

Seroprevalence of lyssaviruses in certain bat species has been proven in the Republic of Croatia, but there have been no confirmed positive bat brain isolates or human fatalities associated with bat injuries/bites. The study included a retrospective analysis of bat injuries/bites, post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and geographic distribution of bat injuries in persons examined at the Zagreb Antirabies Clinic, the Croatian Reference Centre for Rabies. In the period 1995-2020, we examined a total of 21,910 patients due to animal injuries, of which 71 cases were bat-related (0.

The Impact of the Combined Effect of Inhalation Anesthetics and Iron Dextran on Rats' Systemic Toxicity.

Disruption of any stage of iron homeostasis, including uptake, utilization, efflux, and storage, can cause progressive damage to peripheral organs. The health hazards associated with occupational exposure to inhalation anesthetics (IA) in combination with chronic iron overload are not well documented. This study aimed to investigate changes in the concentration of essential metals in the peripheral organs of rats after iron overload in combination with IA.

Azithromycin resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella from food-producing animals and meat in Europe.

Objectives: To characterize the genetic basis of azithromycin resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella collected within the EU harmonized antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance programme in 2014-18 and the Danish AMR surveillance programme in 2016-19.

Methods: WGS data of 1007 E. coli [165 azithromycin resistant (MIC > 16 mg/L)] and 269 Salmonella [29 azithromycin resistant (MIC > 16 mg/L)] were screened for acquired macrolide resistance genes and mutations in rplDV, 23S rRNA and acrB genes using ResFinder v4.

Climate Change and Mycotoxins Trends in Serbia and Croatia: A 15-Year Review.

This review examines the 15-year presence of mycotoxins in food from Serbia and Croatia to provide a comprehensive overview of trends. Encompassing the timeframe from 2009 to 2023, this study integrates data from both countries and investigates climate change patterns. The results from Serbia focus primarily on maize and milk and show a strong dependence of contamination on weather conditions.

High pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe-Why trends of virus evolution are more difficult to predict.

Since 2016, A(H5Nx) high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of clade 2.3.4.

A Green HPLC Approach to Florfenicol Analysis in Pig Urine.

Florfenicol (FF) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat gastrointestinal and respiratory infections in domestic animals. Considering FF's rapid elimination via urine after drug treatment, its use increases concerns about environmental contamination. The objective of the study was to establish a sustainable chromatographic method for simple analysis of FF in pig urine to investigate the urinary excretion of FF after a single intramuscular administration of 20 mg FF/kg body weight.

Proinflammatory Chemokine Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Neuroinvasive Flavivirus Infections.

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are the most important neuroinvasive arboviruses detected in Europe. In this study, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of 12 proinflammatory chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, CCL17, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) in 77 patients with neuroinvasive diseases (NIDs). Flavivirus infection was confirmed in 62 patients (TBEV and WNV in 31 patients each), while in 15 patients the etiology of NID was not determined (NDE).

Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Milk and Dairy Products in Croatia: A Health Risk Assessment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate contamination levels and the frequency of detection of organochlorine (OCPs) and organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), pyrethroids, carbamates and polychlorinated biphenyls (seven PCB congeners) in a total of 534 samples of cow's, sheep's and goat's milk and dairy products from Croatia. Concentrations above the limit of quantification (LOQ) were measured for fourteen OCPs, nine OPPs, six pyrethroids, one carbamate and PCBs with a total of 172 results, and no concentrations exceeded the maximal residue levels defined by the European Union. The mean concentrations of pesticides and the sum of seven PCBs were determined in the ranges 0.