CRISPR: fundamental principles and implications for anaesthesia.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based medical therapies are increasingly gaining regulatory approval worldwide. Consequently, patients receiving CRISPR therapy will come under the care of anaesthesiologists. An understanding of CRISPR, its technological implementations, and the characteristics of patients likely to receive this therapy will be essential to caring for this patient population.

Characteristics of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and their association with treatment outcomes: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: There are few data on the treatment of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis, especially with more recently available drugs and regimens. We aimed to describe the clinical and treatment characteristics and their associations with treatment outcomes in this susceptible population.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Barriers to Blood Donation: Donor Deferrals in a Saudi Hospital Setting.

Objective: Blood donation plays a critical role in healthcare systems by supplying blood and blood products for surgeries, emergency care, and chronic disease management. In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of genetic disorders, like sickle cell disease and thalassemia, further increase the need for a stable blood supply. However, high rates of donor deferrals remain a significant barrier to maintaining a reliable blood supply.

Tenzing Assisted Delivery of Aspiration (TADA) technique for thrombectomy of medium vessel occlusions using the Freeclimb 54 catheter: multicenter experience.

Background: Medium vessel occlusions (MeVOs) account for 25-40% of acute ischemic stroke. The Tenzing 5 (Route 92 Medical, San Mateo, California, USA) and FreeClimb 54 (Route 92 Medical, San Mateo, California, USA) catheter is a novel delivery-aspiration catheter combination designed to facilitate aspiration thrombectomy (AT) of MeVOs. We report our clinical experience using the Tenzing assisted delivery of aspiration (TADA) technique with FreeClimb 54 for first-line AT of MeVO.

Non-communicable diseases and their associations with outpatient services utilisation: insight from a population-based survey in Malaysia.

Objectives: Multimorbidity has been recognised as a global public health issue, and individuals with multimorbidity have been found to have high healthcare utilisation. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of non-communicable diseases among adults in Malaysia, identify factors associated with multimorbidity, and assess the association between the number of non-communicable diseases and outpatient services utilisation.

Design And Setting: A retrospective secondary data analysis using data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019, a cross-sectional household survey among the population in Malaysia.

A proposed screening strategy for evaluating the genotoxicity potential of botanicals and botanical extracts.

Botanicals have long been used to promote health and treat diseases, but the safety of many currently marketed botanicals has not been adequately evaluated. Given the chemical complexity of botanicals, which often contain numerous unknown constituents, and their widespread use, comprehensive toxicity assessments are needed. The Botanical Safety Consortium was established to address this challenge.

Repurposing Mitochondria-Targeted Therapeutics for Kidney Diseases.

The kidney is one of the most metabolically demanding organs in the human body and requires a large amount of energy, in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), to perform and maintain normal renal functions. To meet this energy demand, proximal tubule cells within the nephron segments of the renal cortex are mitochondrially dense with high oxygen consumption rates. Mitochondria are complex organelles involved in diverse cellular and molecular functions, including the production of ATP, calcium homeostasis, and phospholipid regulation.

Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy reduces hypothalamic oxytocin expression and blood levels after oral MDMA administration in male rats.

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a widely recognized entactogen frequently used recreationally. It is known for its interaction with the serotonin and oxytocin systems, which underlie its entactogenic effects in humans. Recently, we demonstrated that the gut-brain axis, mediated by the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve, contributes to MDMA-induced resilience enhancement in rodents.

D-Ala2-GIP (1-30) promotes angiogenesis by facilitating endothelial cell migration via the Epac/Rap1/Cdc42 signaling pathway.

Angiogenesis, a meticulously regulated process essential for both normal development and pathological conditions, necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the endothelial mechanisms governing its progression. Leveraging the zebrafish model and NgAgo knockdown system to identify target genes influencing angiogenesis, our study highlights the significant role of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and its receptor (GIPR) in this process. While GIP has been extensively studied for its insulinotropic and glucagonotropic effects, its role in angiogenesis remains unexplored.

Effect of nanocomposite chitosan/hydroxyapatite pH-induced hydrogels on the osteogenic differentiation of spheroids from adipose stem cells.

Chitosan is gaining scientific recognition as a hydrogel in bone tissue engineering (BTE) due to its ability to support osteoblast attachment and proliferation. However, its low mechanical strength and lack of structural integrity limit its application. Nanometric hydroxyapatite (HA) is used as a filler to enhance the mechanical properties and osteoinductivity of hydrogels.

Critical care considerations of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies represents a major advancement in the treatment of refractory hematologic malignancies, with high remission rates for relapsed B-cell lymphomas and leukemias. However, it is associated with a broad spectrum of potentially life-threatening toxicities, many of which require intensive care unit (ICU) management. Key complications include Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) and Immune Effector Cell-associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (ICANS), as well as severe infections, Immune Effector Cell-associated Hematotoxicity (ICAHT), coagulopathies, and organ dysfunctions resulting from the intense inflammatory response induced by CAR T-cells.

Role of cardiac and lung ultrasonography in predicting weaning failure in patients of acute kidney injury requiring mechanical ventilation: a pilot study.

Purpose: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) has an incidence of 20-50% in patients admitted in Intensive Care Unit. As weaning failure is associated with increased morbidity, its prediction and understanding of its physiological basis holds extreme importance in guided management and prognostication of these patients. We conducted this prospective, observational, single - center study to evaluate the efficacy of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and lung ultrasonography (LUS) in predicting weaning failure in patients with AKI requiring mechanical ventilation.

Machine learning prediction of in-hospital mortality and external validation in patients with cardiogenic shock: the RESCUE score.

Introduction And Objectives: Despite advances in mechanical circulatory support, mortality rates in cardiogenic shock (CS) remain high. A reliable risk stratification system could serve as a valuable guide in the clinical management of patients with CS. This study aimed to develop and externally validate a risk prediction model for in-hospital mortality in CS patients using machine learning (ML) algorithms.

Trends and Updates in the Management and Outcomes of Acute Uncomplicated Type B Aortic Dissection.

Type B aortic dissection (TBAD) presents a complex clinical challenge requiring coordinated, multidisciplinary care to optimize patient outcomes. While rapid intervention is crucial for complicated TBAD, the optimal management of uncomplicated cases remains less well-defined. Historically, uncomplicated TBAD was managed medically, but recent years have seen a shift toward selective interventional approaches.

Molecular allergy diagnosis enabling personalized medicine.

Allergic patients are characterized by complex and patient-specific IgE sensitization profiles to various allergens, which are accompanied by different phenotypes of allergic disease. Molecular allergy (MA) diagnosis establishes the patient's IgE reactivity profile at a molecular allergen level and has moved allergology into the "Precision Medicine" era. Molecular allergology started in the late 1980s with the isolation of the first allergen-encoding DNA sequences.

Bisdemethoxycurcumin mitigates traumatic brain injury in rats by modulating autophagy and oxidative stress via heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1-mediated nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB.

Background: Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), the primary active compound found in turmeric, exhibits diverse pharmacological properties. The study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of BDMC in traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: A rat TBI model was established using the Feeney's freefall epidural impact method, followed by BDMC treatment.

Piezo2 is a key mechanoreceptor in lung fibrosis that drives myofibroblast differentiation.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other progressive fibrotic interstitial lung disease have limited treatment options. Fibroblasts are key effector cells that sense matrix stiffness through conformation changes in mechanically sensitive receptors, leading to activation of downstream profibrotic pathways. Here we investigate the role of Piezo2, a mechanosensitive ion channel, in human and mouse lung fibrosis, and its function in myofibroblast differentiation in primary human lung fibroblasts (HLFs).

APPLICATION OF EARLY RISK FACTOR WARNING MODEL OF ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY COMBINED WITH CONTINUOUS RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE ACUTE PANCREATITIS.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the application effect of early risk factor warning model of acute kidney injury combined with continuous renal replacement therapy in patients with severe acute pancreatitis, and to comprehensively evaluate the effects of this combined treatment model on patients'renal function recovery and complications through prospective studies.

Methods: This study adopted a rigorous random grouping method to ensure the balance and randomness of the grouping and minimize the interference of confounding factors on the research results. Specifically, with the help of a computer-generated random number sequence, patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to the combined treatment group and the traditional treatment group.

IMPROVEMENT OF LOWER LIMB AMPUTATION PROCEDURE IN PATIENTS WITH CRITICAL LOWER LIMB ISCHAEMIA.

The relevance of the presented topic lies in the rapid growth of complications from diseases that subsequently lead to limb amputation, as well as the problem of untimely detection of ischemic tissues. The aim of the study is to determine and explain the main progressive methods of surgical treatment of obstructive diseases of vessels of different calibers that lead to circulatory disorders and tissue necrosis. The following research methods were used in the work: statistical method, bibliographic, and bibliosemantic.

A Data-driven Approach to Selecting Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellows for Interviews.

Training programs around the country receive many applications every year with a limited time window to send out invitations for interviews. This poses major barriers to conducting holistic application reviews. To create and implement a data-driven selection process that promotes holistic reviews within a tight timeline to select applicants for invitation to interview.

Predicting a strongly positive fluid balance in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: A multicentre, international study.

Background: In critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), a fluid balance (FB) > 2 L at 72 h after AKI diagnosis is associated with adverse outcomes. Identification of patients at high-risk for such fluid accumulation may help prevent it.

Methods: We used Australian electronic medical record (EMR)-based clinical data to develop the "AKI-FB risk score", validated it in a British cohort and used it to predict a positive FB >2 L at 72 h after AKI diagnosis.

Seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato antibodies in English adult blood donors: A nationwide cross-sectional study, 2021-2022.

Background: Estimates of Lyme disease incidence in England are based on reporting of cases with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis only, underestimating total cases. In 2017 - 2018, two independent reviews commissioned by the UK Government highlighted the lack of official data on Lyme disease prevalence and incidence as a critical knowledge gap.

Aim: To estimate the prevalence of IgG antibodies in the English adult population specific for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl), the causative agent of Lyme disease.