ACFAS Clinical Consensus Statements: Hallux Rigidus.

The following are clinical consensus statements (CCS) on the topic of hallux rigidus sponsored by the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. A core panel synthesized the data and divided the topic in to twelve sections, each section contained a variable number of consensus statements, based upon complexity. Overall there were 24 consensus statements synthesized for this subject matter.

Disparities in Mitral Valve Disease Associated with Heart Failure.

Heart failure (HF) affects millions of people around the world and is a prevalent health issue in the United States. In many cases, HF has an intricate connection with mitral valvular disease (MVD), which can alter a patient's disease course. Factors such as gender, race, ethnicity, and social determinants of health impact the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of MVD associated with HF.

Recurrent Posterior Capsular Opacification in Adults: A Case Report and an Overview of Literature.

Posterior capsular opacification (PCO), also known as "secondary cataract", is a common complication following cataract surgery that can significantly impair visual acuity. The incidence of PCO varies widely in the literature, influenced by intraocular lens (IOL) type and patient risk factors. Neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy is the standard treatment for PCO-related visual impairment.

Management of immune check-point inhibitor-associated colitis in patients with advanced metastatic cancers: A review article.

Immune check-point inhibitors (ICPi) are immunomodulating agents, which have revolutionized the management of advanced metastatic cancers. Being immunomodulating agents, they are predisposed to causing colitis. This descriptive review article emphasized on the management of ICPi-associated colitis in advanced metastatic cancers.

Endocrine Emergencies.

Endocrine emergencies encompass a group of conditions that occur when hormonal deficiency or excess results in acute presentation. If these endocrine disorders are not rapidly identified or if specific treatment is delayed, significant complications or even death may occur. This article outlines the basics of endocrine emergencies involving the thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, pancreas, and adrenal glands.

Risk of De Novo Barrett's Esophagus Post Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Studies With Long-Term Follow-Up.

Background & Aims: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is one of the most commonly performed bariatric procedures worldwide. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a major concern in patients undergoing SG and is a risk factor for Barrett's esophagus (BE). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the incidence of and analyze predictive factors for post-SG BE.

Assessing outcomes of intravenous insulin therapy in non-intensive care patients.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of using intravenous insulin infusion (IVII) therapy for managing hyperglycemia in a non-intensive care unit (ICU) versus an ICU setting.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis on patients who received IVII for hyperglycemia. The analysis compared variables associated with hypoglycemic events while on IVII, and point-of-care blood glucose control and insulin regimens at discharge.

LncRNA Nostrill promotes interferon-γ-stimulated gene transcription and facilitates intestinal epithelial cell-intrinsic anti- defense.

Intestinal epithelial cells possess the requisite molecular machinery to initiate cell-intrinsic defensive responses against intracellular pathogens, including intracellular parasites. Interferons(IFNs) have been identified as cornerstones of epithelial cell-intrinsic defense against such pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts (>200 nt) not translated into protein and represent a critical regulatory component of mucosal defense.

Telemedicine in Acute Trauma Care: A Review of Quantitative Evaluations on the Impact of Remote Consultation.

Background: There is extensive literature describing the application of telemedicine techniques to trauma care. However, there is a paucity of articles showing quantitative assessment of its safety and efficacy. This structured review examines articles with quantitative assessment of telemedicine's impact in acute trauma care.

Transcatheter Versus Surgical Mitral Valve Interventions in Patients With Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Background: A significant proportion of patients requiring mitral valve (MV) intervention have undergone prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Reoperative heart surgery is associated with increased risk.

Aims: To evaluate the utilization and outcomes of transcatheter versus surgical MV interventions in patients with prior CABG.

Intermediate-sized follicular thyroid cancer surgical trends before and after the 2015 American thyroid association guideline changes.

In 2015, the ATA updated the guidelines to advocate for a lobectomy for tumors <1.0 ​cm and total thyroidectomy for tumors >4.0 ​cm.

Niraparib Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response Relationships in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Advanced Ovarian Cancer.

Purpose: Niraparib is a poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase inhibitor approved for the maintenance treatment of advanced ovarian cancer (OC). Niraparib was originally approved in recurrent OC at a fixed starting dose (FSD) of 300 mg once daily (QD). This analysis characterized the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of niraparib and evaluated the relationships between exposure, efficacy, and safety to support clinical use of an individualized dosing strategy, in which the starting dose of niraparib was adjusted based on patient characteristics to improve the benefit-risk profile.

Using Machine Learning for Endoscopic Detection of Low-Grade Subglottic Stenosis: A Proof of Principle.

The current study trains, tests, and evaluates a deep learning algorithm to detect subglottic stenosis (SGS) on endoscopy. A retrospective review of patients undergoing microlaryngoscopy-bronchoscopy was performed. A pretrained image classifier (Resnet50) was retrained and tested on 159 images of airways taken at the glottis, 106 normal-sized airways, and 122 with SGS.