Risk of Glaucoma in Non-Diabetic Patients using a Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist.

Purpose: To compare the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension, in patients taking glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) versus alternative weight loss medications in patients with obesity.

Design: A retrospective cohort study of the TriNetX research network was conducted by analyzing international electronic health record (EHR) data from January 2004 to December 2024.

Participants: Non-diabetic patients with a diagnosis of being overweight or having obesity who were treated with either GLP-1RAs or alternative weight loss medications including orlistat, phentermine-topiramate, bupropion-naltrexone, or setmelanotide.

Do Physician Assistant Professional Doctorate Missions and Learning Outcomes Align With the Physician Assistant Professional Competencies?

Introduction: There are little published data about curricula of physician assistant (PA) postprofessional doctoral programs. This study examined current mission statements and learning outcomes for common and emerging themes aligned with the PA professional competencies.

Methods: This qualitative study examined postprofessional doctoral programs that matriculated PAs as of December 2023.

Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: Rising incidence, diagnostic delays, and the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors in hospitalized patients.

In the setting of growing use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), little is known about the prevalence and impact of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (eDKA). We performed a retrospective analysis on patients with DKA in the Catholic Health Initiatives-Omaha Health system from 2018 to 2023. Among the 510 patients meeting inclusion criteria; 455 (89.

Long-term follow-up and operative performance metrics of inguinal hernioplasty training in the Dominican Republic.

Purpose: The long-term outcomes of inguinal hernioplasty are crucial for evaluating patient benefits, though follow-up can be challenging, especially in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: Program coordinators in the Dominican Republic reached out to 288 patients operated on between 2014 and 2019 under a Hernia Repair for the Underserved (HRFU) training initiative. Each patient underwent an anterior Lichtenstein procedure performed by either an international HRFU expert surgeon (128 patients) or two local Dominican surgeons (160 patients) certified using the Operative Performance Rating Scale (OPRS).

Preoperative Planning and Inferior Glenosphere Overhang Increases the Odds of Achieving High Internal Rotation After Univers Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Background: Despite advances in surgical technique and implant design, internal rotation (IR) after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) continues to be relatively unpredictable. The purpose of this study was to compare patient characteristics, utilization of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) based preoperative planning, and postoperative implant position between patients with high or low IR after rTSA.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of a multicenter prospectively collected database on patients who underwent primary rTSA (Univers Revers; Arthrex, Inc.

Self-Reported Side Effects Associated With Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators: Social Media Data Analysis.

This study focuses on the prevalence and dangers of selective androgen receptor modulator use through a social media (Reddit) analysis. Physicians should be aware that patients are increasingly seeking medical advice through social media, and adverse events are likely underreported in the literature.

Relationships Between PROMIS and Legacy Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) Scores in the MARS Cohort at 10-Year Follow-up.

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used to evaluate the impact of musculoskeletal conditions and their treatment on patients' quality of life, but they have limitations, such as high responder burden and floor and ceiling effects. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) was developed to address these issues but needs to be further evaluated in comparison with legacy PROMs. The goals of this study were to evaluate the floor and ceiling effects of, the correlations between, and the predictive ability of PROMIS scores compared with traditional legacy measures at 10-year follow-up in a cohort who underwent revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: examining evolving patterns in mortality, incidence, and demographics.

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterized by its aggressive nature and heterogeneity. This study analyzes recent trends in DLBCL including trends in hospitalization, inpatient mortality, and costs.

Methods: Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016 until 2020, a retrospective cohort study was performed to identify DLBCL hospitalization, discharges, and investigate outcomes.

Experiences of care partners co-surviving in the context of living with metastatic breast cancer.

Objective: Explore experiences of women and care partners living with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in the new environment of extended MBC survival. Care partner results are presented.

Design: Qualitative descriptive interviews with conventional content analysis.

Hierarchically Porous Anatase Nanoparticles Derived from One-Dimensional Lepidocrocite Titanate for Bisphenol-A Photodegradation.

Herein, we discuss the conversion of one-dimensional lepidocrocite (1DL) titanate nanofilaments to anatase. Upon heating at temperatures >400 °C, the hierarchical 1DLs porous mesostructured particles transform to anatase, while retaining their morphology. These assemblies are characterized via X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and solid-state ultraviolet absorbance.

Driving under the influence of opioids in 2024: a narrative review of science and pandemic policy updates.

Background/importance: Driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) refers to operating a vehicle after consuming drugs or medications other than alcohol that impair the ability to drive safely. There is no consensus on legal limits for drug intoxication while driving in the USA. Balancing the benefits of prescription medications, such as opioids, with traffic safety remains an ongoing public health challenge.

Mitigating Post-operative Right Ventricular Dysfunction After Left Ventricular Assist Device: The RV Protection Study.

Background: Despite improvements in hemocompatibility-related adverse events (HRAEs) with the HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device (LVAD), hemodynamic-related events (HDREs), such as right ventricular failure (RVF) and aortic insufficiency, still result in considerable morbidity and mortality. We investigated a comprehensive, upfront RV protection strategy combining hemodynamic, ventilatory and pharmaceutical optimization to mitigate the risk of RVF.

Methods/results: Participants were prospectively randomized in a 1:1 fashion to either the RV-protection strategy or usual care for post-operative LVAD management.

Tube weaning in children with Down's syndrome-"Waiting is no option".

Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common genetic disorders and often associated with feeding problems and tube feeding. Although feeding tubes have a life sustaining function, tube dependency can occur including adverse effects such as frequent vomiting, poor appetite and oral aversion. Although various tube weaning programs exist, their effectiveness in children with DS has been studied only to a limited extent.

Resolution of Refractory Status Epilepticus With Ketamine Without Intubation in a Patient With Stroke-Like Migraine Attacks After Radiation Therapy (SMART) Syndrome.

Stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome is an infrequently reported complication arising years after radiation therapy that manifests as a reversible syndrome marked by migraine-like headaches, focal neurologic signs, and/or seizures. Refractory status epilepticus (RSE) associated with SMART syndrome is rare and can be challenging to treat. Valproic acid has been reported to improve seizures in RSE in SMART syndrome in a few case reports and may be ideal for SMART syndrome, given its use in the treatment of migraines and seizures.

A Rare Case of Microscopic Polyangitis With Associated Transient Hypophysitis.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) are rare forms of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides, characterized by systemic inflammation and necrosis of small blood vessels, which can lead to multiorgan damage. GPA is identified by the presence of granulomas and serine proteinase-3 positivity, while MPA is marked by necrotizing vasculitis without granulomas and is associated with myeloperoxidase (MPO) positivity. Central nervous system involvement is more frequent in GPA, affecting 7% to 10% of patients, compared to its occurrence in approximately 1% of MPA cases.

How many infants have been born with the help of assisted reproductive technology?

Objective: To estimate the total number of infants born globally between 1978 and 2018 after assisted reproductive technology (ART). Estimates are based on epidemiological data systematically and uniquely collected by the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies over 40 years.

Design: The International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technologies has been reporting global results from country and regional registries since 1991.

Airway management in acute hematoma formation following anterior cervical spine surgery.

Anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS) is a frequently performed procedure that enhances life quality by reducing pain and improving functionality. A rare but serious complication after ACCS is cervical hematoma, which can lead to acute airway obstruction and subsequent rapid deterioration. Effective management of cervical hematomas requires an astute awareness of the developing signs and proficiency in the techniques involved when issues arise.

A qualitative assessment of behavioral interview method among anesthesiology residency applicants.

Background: The objective of residency recruitment is to select the most appropriate candidate. While cognitive skills are identified before an interview and can be measured objectively, non-cognitive skills can be harder to discern. These non-cognitive skills though are a good predictors of future residency performance.

Genomic Characterization of Chordoma: Insights from the AACR Project GENIE Database.

Chordoma is a rare primary tumor originating from embryonic notochord remnants, with limited systemic therapeutic options due to a poor understanding of its genomic landscape. This study aims to characterize the genetic alterations in chordoma using a large national patient-level genomic repository, the AACR Project GENIE, to identify potential therapeutic targets and improve disease modeling. A retrospective analysis of chordoma samples was conducted using the AACR Project GENIE database.

Examining Patient Characteristics in Bladder Cancer Clinical Trials Involving Immunotherapy.

: Comprehending the patient composition of bladder cancer (BC) clinical trials is crucial for effectively designing clinical trials and contextualizing the generated science. In this study, we reviewed publicly available data and explored the demographic information of BC studies administering immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). : Trial eligibility was irrespective of government or private sponsorship, and trial activation dates were limited to between 2013 and 2023.

Risk Reduction of Intrahepatic Abscess After Locoregional Therapy for Liver Cancer in Patients with Prior Hepatobiliary Intervention.

Intrahepatic abscess is an exceedingly rare complication of locoregional therapy for patients with liver cancer. However, in patients who underwent prior hepatobiliary intervention, the incidence of liver abscess increases significantly, causing morbidity and even mortality in such patients. Here, we will review the relative risk of developing a liver abscess after intraarterial and ablative locoregional therapies in patients with liver cancer depending on whether they underwent any kind of prior hepatobiliary procedures that resulted in violation of the Ampulla of Vater.

Dev-Atlas: A reference atlas of functional brain networks for typically developing adolescents.

It is well accepted that the brain is functionally organized into multiple networks and extensive literature has demonstrated that the organization of these networks shows major changes during adolescence. Yet, there is limited option for a reference functional brain atlas derived from typically-developing adolescents, which is problematic as the reliable identification of functional brain networks crucially depends on the use of such reference functional atlases. In this context, we utilized resting-state functional MRI data from 1391 typically-developing youth aged 8-17 years to create an adolescent-specific reference atlas of functional brain networks.

Biguanides antithetically regulate tumor properties by the dose-dependent mitochondrial reprogramming-driven c-Src pathway.

The biguanide metformin attenuates mitochondrial oxidation and is proposed as an anti-cancer therapy. However, recent clinical studies suggest increased proliferation and fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in a subgroup of patients with breast cancer (BC) after metformin therapy. Considering that FAO can activate Src kinase in aggressive triple-negative BC (TNBC), we postulate that low-dose biguanide-driven AMPK-ACC-FAO signaling may activate the Src pathway in TNBC.

Human Factors Studies to Assess the Usability of the Faricimab Prefilled Syringe.

Purpose: Faricimab, the first bispecific antibody designed for intraocular use, is approved for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Here, we report the usability of a novel faricimab 6 mg pre-filled syringe (PFS) configuration that has been designed specifically for intravitreal use.

Patients And Methods: A simulated-use human factors validation study enrolling 15 retina specialists and 15 ophthalmic assistants was conducted in a market research facility configured to represent an ophthalmology clinic.