Incidence of Sinusitis Postoperatively in Orthognathic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Maxillary osteotomies as a component of orthognathic surgery disrupt the normal anatomy and function of the sinus. The osteotomy with advancement of the inferior component of the sinus leaves a bony and mucosal opening in the sinus. Immediately after surgery, nasal drainage is impeded because of intranasal swelling.

Does the Low and Short Medial Cut Affect Lingual Nerve Recovery after Sagittal Split Osteotomy?

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the recovery of lingual nerve (LN) neurosensory function in patients undergoing sagittal split osteotomy (SSO) with a low and short medial horizontal cut.

Methods: This was a prospective study of patients with mandibular deformities undergoing SSO with a low and short medial horizontal cut over a 4-year period. The outcomes of interest were neurosensory recovery of the LN, as assessed objectively using functional sensory recovery (FSR) and subjectively by patient report.

Immediate Free Fibula Flap After Maxillectomy With Simultaneous Full-arch Dental Implant-Supported Prosthetic Rehabilitation of the Midface and Mandible: The "Super Reconstruction Concept".

Immediate reconstruction and dental rehabilitation for ablative defects of the head and neck in one surgery is now a commonly used technique among reconstructive surgeons. Often patients are edentulous or partially edentulous in the jaw opposing that with pathology. In this case, only rehabilitating the dental arch affected by pathology would not render the patient with a functional occlusion.

Avoiding Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury During Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy.

Orthognathic surgery is highly effective in improving overall facial esthetics, in addition to achieving an ideal occlusion. Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) of the mandible is the mainstay of modern orthognathic surgery, but intraoperative injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) remains one of the common complications. The authors report a case of 19-year-old male patient with left cleft lip and palate who received orthognathic surgery involving SSRO.

Velopharyngeal Function Change after 2-Jaw Orthognathic Surgery in Patients with Cleft: A Study of 162 Consecutive Cases.

Background: Orthognathic surgery (OGS) is a common intervention used to correct midfacial hypoplasia in patients with cleft. Previous studies have reported that Le Fort I maxillary advancement may affect velopharyngeal function, but similar investigations focusing on 2-jaw OGS have not been conducted.

Methods: A total of 162 consecutive patients with cleft lip and palate who underwent 2-jaw OGS between 2015 and 2020 were enrolled.

Patient-specific distractors for customized mandibular distraction osteogenesis to relieve upper airway obstruction in infants with Pierre Robin sequence.

The purpose of this article is to report the author's technique for using patient-specific distractors for customized distraction osteogenesis of the mandible in patients with Pierre Robin sequence and upper airway obstruction. The advantages of virtual planning and patient-specific plates in other aspects of craniomaxillofacial surgery, such as orthognathic and reconstructive surgery, have been reported previously. Similar to patient-specific plates, the theorized advantages of patient-specific distractors in infants with Robin sequence and upper airway obstruction include increased accuracy, decreased operating time, and less morbidity to vital anatomic structures such as the inferior alveolar nerve and developing tooth buds.

Predisposing factors of non-syndromic cleft lip and cleft palate in the northern Thai population: A 10-year retrospective case-control study.

The most common congenital anomaly is orofacial cleft, which is categorized into two main types: cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CPO). One of the most accepted etiologies is multifactorial (gene-environment). This study aimed to identify the amendable risk factors of an orofacial cleft in Northern Thailand.

Pediatric Cranial Vault and Skull Base Fractures.

Cranial vault and skull base fractures in children are distinctly different from those seen in adults. Pediatric skull fractures have the benefit of greater capacity to remodel; however, the developing pediatric brain and craniofacial skeleton present unique challenges to diagnosis, natural history, and management. This article discusses the role of surgical treatment of these fractures, its indications, and techniques.

Impact of Low-Dose Computed Tomography and Physician Education on Referral for Head Shape.

Imaging before specialist evaluation of abnormal head shape is associated with a delay in evaluation and an increase in radiation exposure. A retrospective cohort study was performed to identify referral patterns before and after the implementation of a low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) protocol and physician education to examine the intervention's impact on time to evaluation and radiation exposure. Six hundred sixty-nine patients with an abnormal head shape diagnosis at a single academic medical center between July 1, 2014 and December 1, 2019 were reviewed.

Isolated frontosphenoidal craniosynostosis: An argument for genetic testing.

Isolated frontosphenoidal craniosynostosis (IFSC) is a rare congenital defect defined as premature fusion of the frontosphenoidal suture in the absence of other suture fusion. Until now, IFSC was regarded as a phenomenon with an unclear genetic etiology. We have identified three cases with IFSC with underlying syndromic diagnoses that were attributable to pathogenic mutations involving FGFR3 and MN1, as well as 22q11.

Direct Occipital Remodeling in Sagittal Synostosis Improves 2-Year Posterior Morphology after Modified Pi Procedure.

Background: Modifications of the pi craniectomy technique are meant to address the occipital bullet deformity of sagittal synostosis, but it is not clear whether they result in persistent improvement. The authors' purpose was to use morphometric analysis to determine whether a low occipital osteotomy with verticalization results in improved occipital shape after a modified pi procedure 2 years after surgery.

Method: The authors performed a retrospective cohort study comparing modified pi technique with and without a low occipital osteotomy with verticalization immediately and 2 years after surgery relative to age-matched normal controls.

Optimizing Facial Esthetic Outcomes: Adding Distraction Osteogenesis to Your Classic Orthognathic Surgery Armamentarium.

Classical orthognathic procedures have long been known to improve the facial esthetic contours and proportions of face by restoring the skeletal foundation, on which the soft-tissue drapes. Distraction osteogenesis was introduced to solve complex skeletal abnormalities in patients with craniofacial conditions that could not be solved by classical orthognathic surgery techniques. The gradual expansion in this group of patients showed not only greater skeletal stability, but the expansion at various tissue planes improved the facial appearance.

Craniofacial Growth and Development: A Primer for the Facial Trauma Surgeon.

Understanding craniofacial growth and development is important in the management of facial trauma in the growing pediatric patient. This manuscript is a review of craniofacial growth and development and clinical implications of pediatric facial fractures.

Pediatric Le Fort, Zygomatic, and Naso-Orbito-Ethmoid Fractures.

Fractures of the pediatric midface are infrequent, particularly in children in the primary dentition, due to the prominence of the upper face relative to the midface and mandible. With downward and forward growth of the face, there is an increasing frequency of midface injuries seen in children in the mixed and adult dentitions. Midface fracture patterns seen in young children are quite variable; those in children at or near skeletal maturity mimic patterns seen in adults.

Pediatric Nasal and Septal Fractures.

Pediatric nasal bone and septal fractures represent a large number of craniofacial injuries in children each year. Due to their differences in anatomy and potential for growth and development, the management of these injuries varies slightly from that of the adult population. As with most pediatric fractures, there is a bias toward less-invasive management to limit disruption to future growth.

Pediatric Panfacial Fractures.

Pediatric panfacial trauma is a rare occurrence with poorly understood implications for the growing child. Treatment algorithms largely mirror adult panfacial protocols with notable exceptions including augmented healing and remodeling capacities that favor nonoperative management, limited exposure to avoid disruption of osseous suture and synchondroses growth centers, and creative fracture fixation techniques in the setting of an immature craniomaxillofacial skeleton. The following article provides a review of our institutional philosophy in the management of these challenges injuries with important anatomic, epidemiologic, examination, sequencing, and postoperative considerations.

Outcomes of alveolar cleft repair in complete cleft lip and palate after tertiary gingivoperiosteoplasty and segmental Le Fort I osteotomy.

Objectives: Gingivoperiosteoplasty is often used for reconstruction of alveolar defects in infants with cleft lip and palate. This study aimed to examine outcomes of tertiary gingivoperiosteoplasty, which has not previously been investigated.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study included 11 adults with complete cleft lip and palate (n = 12 sites) who consecutively underwent segmental Le Fort I osteotomy and concomitant gingivoperiosteoplasty for correction of skeletal class III deformity, nasoalveolar fistula and alveolar cleft.

Evaluation of Research Diagnostic Criteria in Craniofacial Microsomia.

Characteristics of patients with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) vary in type and severity. The diagnosis is based on phenotypical assessment and no consensus on standardized clinical diagnostic criteria is available. The use of diagnostic criteria could improve research and communication among patients and healthcare professionals.