707 results match your criteria: "Cowpox Infection Human"
Zoonoses in dog and cat shelters in North-East Italy: update on emerging, neglected and known zoonotic agents.
Front Vet Sci
November 2024
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy.
Introduction: Shelters for stray dogs and cats deserve careful monitoring for zoonotic risk, as they represent a crucial point for prevention and control of infection spread. Data sorting to prioritize zoonotic agents in a geographic area need constant updating, but no regular official programs are ongoing, to allow an efficient risk survey for these animal species. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the prevalence of certain known, potential and emerging zoonoses within the framework of the routine monitoring of dog and cat shelters in North-East Italy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoxvirus Epidemiology.
Methods Mol Biol
December 2024
Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Poxviruses, especially those in the orthopoxvirus genus, have caused significant health issues throughout history, with smallpox being a prominent example.
- Smallpox, caused by the Variola virus, was successfully eradicated in 1980, marking a milestone in public health and requiring extensive research on orthopoxviruses.
- The text explores both historical and current epidemiology of poxvirus infections, focusing on significant viruses like Monkeypox and Vaccinia.
A label-free optical biosensor-based point-of-care test for the rapid detection of Monkeypox virus.
Biosens Bioelectron
February 2025
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
International external quality assessment study for detection of monkeypox virus by PCR supporting laboratory preparedness during the 2022-2023 mpox outbreak and beyond.
J Clin Virol
December 2024
The University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Division of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Background: Diagnostic capabilities and correspondent External Quality Assessments (EQA) are key for outbreak preparedness. To support diagnostic facilities with a quality assessment of newly established monkeypox virus (MPXV) molecular diagnostic workflows, Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics (QCMD) and the Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology (IMB) piloted an international EQA study conducting four challenges from autumn 2022 to summer 2023 during the global mpox outbreak.
Objectives: To assess the performance (sensitivity/specificity) of molecular assays used by diagnostic laboratories.
Jenner's Legacy: How Edward Jenner's Smallpox Vaccine Changed Public Health.
Cureus
September 2024
Department of Community Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.
Article Synopsis
- * His revolutionary use of cowpox to immunize against smallpox transformed approaches to vaccination and led to global efforts in disease eradication.
- * Jenner's work not only spurred advancements in health policies and practices but also established concepts like herd immunity, which continue to influence current vaccination strategies.
Systematic analysis of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions provides new insights into drug combination therapy for pox.
J Ethnopharmacol
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- The decline in smallpox vaccine efficacy raises the risk of poxvirus infections, prompting interest in traditional herbal medicines used in China prior to the vaccine's development, which include numerous documented prescriptions.
- The study aims to analyze 2,344 traditional prescriptions to extract common herb combinations and insights for creating effective drug combinations against pox viruses.
- Using network pharmacology, the research identified 19 commonly used herbs and 64 key bio-functional modules, highlighting immunoregulation as a crucial component in tackling poxvirus treatments.
An Attenuated and Highly Immunogenic Variant of the Vaccinia Virus.
Acta Naturae
January 2024
State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, 630559 Russian Federation.
Article Synopsis
- - The vaccinia virus has been historically used as a smallpox vaccine, but due to its reactogenicity, WHO recommended discontinuation after smallpox was eradicated, leading to a rise in orthopoxvirus infections, notably the 2022 monkeypox epidemic.
- - Researchers developed modified VACV strains, LAD and LADA, with specific genetic alterations to reduce reactogenicity while enhancing the immune response compared to the original L strain.
- - Both LAD and LADA strains demonstrated superior cellular immune responses and higher levels of VACV-specific IgG in vaccinated mice, indicating their potential as safer and more effective vaccines against orthopoxvirus infections.
Cutaneous infection with cowpox virus in the setting of a natural disaster.
Ann Dermatol Venereol
September 2024
Department of Dermatology, Saint-Vincent-de-Paul Hospital, Lille Catholic University, Lille, France.
Two noncompeting human neutralizing antibodies targeting MPXV B6 show protective effects against orthopoxvirus infections.
Nat Commun
May 2024
CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Article Synopsis
- The outbreak of mpox, caused by the monkeypox virus, presents a significant challenge to global health.
- Researchers studied antibody levels in individuals vaccinated before the immunization program ended and discovered two monoclonal antibodies (hMB621 and hMB668) that target the B6 protein of the virus.
- These antibodies showed strong binding and neutralization capabilities against related viruses, and animal tests indicated they provide effective protection against the vaccinia virus, highlighting their potential in treating mpox and other orthopoxvirus infections.
Natural Immunomodulatory Agents as a Complementary Therapy for Poxviruses.
Adv Exp Med Biol
May 2024
Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St. (Former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
Article Synopsis
- - Poxviruses, like monkeypox virus (MPXV), target both innate and adaptive immune responses, making it crucial to find effective treatments as there are currently no approved options for poxvirus infections.
- - Natural bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenolics (like rosmarinic and caffeic acids), are promising as they exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties that may help combat poxviruses.
- - Research into traditional plants and their extracts, alongside the need for further molecular studies, is essential to fully understand and validate the antiviral effects of these natural components against poxviruses.
Treatment and Vaccination for Smallpox and Monkeypox.
Adv Exp Med Biol
May 2024
Biosecurity Research at Section Political Science of the Department of Cultural and Social Sciences, University of Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Smallpox, caused by the variola virus, was declared extinct in 1980 after a global eradication effort, but remains a potential biothreat since vaccinations ceased in the 1980s.
- New antivirals and vaccines have been developed, including cidofovir and ACAM2000, to counter the risk of outbreaks and possible mutations leading to drug resistance.
- Ongoing research is focused on improving treatment and prevention strategies for orthopox infections, including smallpox and mpox (monkeypox), with promising developments currently underway in both Russia and the USA.
Poxviridae Pneumonia.
Adv Exp Med Biol
May 2024
Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- The Poxviridae family includes viruses that mainly cause skin lesions in humans but can complicate into pneumonia, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
- The variola virus, responsible for smallpox, was associated with severe pneumonia outbreaks historically and remains a concern for biological threats.
- Treatments focus on supportive care and FDA-approved antiviral drugs, with two vaccines available to prevent smallpox and protect against related infections like MPXV.
Molluscum Contagiosum Virus: Biology and Immune Response.
Adv Exp Med Biol
May 2024
Section of Microbiology and Virology, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is a member of the Poxviridae family, specifically belonging to the genus Molluscipoxvirus, and it primarily infects human skin tissue.* -
- After an incubation period of 2 to 6 weeks, MCV leads to skin lesions called papules, influenced by the individual's immune response, and it does not enter the bloodstream.* -
- Infection is common in children and immunocompromised individuals, and while treatments exist, including immunomodulators, they often lack effectiveness in managing MCV-induced lesions.*
Molecular Virology of Orthopoxviruses with Special Reference to Monkeypox Virus.
Adv Exp Med Biol
May 2024
Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YG, UK.
Article Synopsis
- Poxviruses are large, enveloped viruses with a double-stranded DNA genome, including significant pathogens like smallpox and monkeypox, which is caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV).
- The recent rise in MPXV cases in non-endemic countries, often without prior animal contact or travel to endemic areas, has raised public health concerns.
- The text reviews MPXV’s replication and transmission, strategies for evading host immunity, potential antiviral treatments like Cidofovir and Ribavirin, and suggests vaccination may offer cross-protection against MPXV.
Article Synopsis
- * The assay demonstrated high analytical sensitivity at 50 copies/mL for both clades I and II of MPXV, with clinical sensitivity and specificity rates of 99.21% and 96.64%, respectively.
- * This assay streamlines laboratory processes by integrating nucleic acid extraction and PCR analysis and is crucial for distinguishing between MPXV clades, which is vital for safety in handling potentially regulated samples.
Whole genome sequencing of recombinant viruses obtained from co-infection and superinfection of Vero cells with modified vaccinia virus ankara vectored influenza vaccine and a naturally occurring cowpox virus.
Front Immunol
April 2024
Section of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria.
Article Synopsis
- Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) has been studied as a vaccine vector against various diseases, but concerns exist about its ability to recombine with natural viruses, potentially creating new, unpredictable viruses.
- Previous experiments showed that co-infection and superinfection of MVA with a feline cowpox virus led to the production of recombinant viruses with altered genomes and unique plaque characteristics.
- The study found that some recombinant viruses not only had a genetic composition similar to MVA-HANP but also regained lost genes and acquired new characteristics, raising safety concerns for the use of MVA in vaccines.
Fast and Ultrasensitive Detection of Monkeypox by a Argonaute System Coupled with a Short Amplification.
Viruses
February 2024
CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430207, China.
Article Synopsis
- Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has emerged as a global health threat since May 2022, causing symptoms like skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, and fever.
- A new detection system using Argonaute (Ago) enzyme has been developed to specifically identify MPXV DNA through a quick 45-minute PCR procedure, targeting the F3L gene for accuracy.
- The optimized Ago-MPXV system has shown high sensitivity and specificity, detecting low amounts of MPXV in various samples like throat swabs and wastewater, highlighting its potential to effectively prevent disease spread.
PoxiPred: An Artificial-Intelligence-Based Method for the Prediction of Potential Antigens and Epitopes to Accelerate Vaccine Development Efforts against Poxviruses.
Biology (Basel)
February 2024
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- Poxviruses are a group of large, double-stranded DNA viruses that cause contagious diseases in humans and animals, classified into two subfamilies affecting vertebrates and insects, with 18 genera including those that infect humans like variola virus and monkeypox.
- There is a need for effective vaccines against poxviruses, and new AI-based methods, particularly PoxiPred, have been developed to predict potential antigens and T-cell epitopes for multiple poxvirus strains.
- PoxiPred identified 3,191 antigen proteins across 25 poxviruses and predicted 16,817 T-cell epitopes, predominantly reactive to CD8+ T-cells, streamlining the process of vaccine design using a
Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the recent Mpox outbreak.
Vaccine
March 2024
Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- * Genomic analysis reveals over 99% sequence identity between recent and historical Mpox cases, indicating a high level of conservation among related viruses, including Cowpox and Variola.
- * Similarities in immune responses were found across different Pox viruses, suggesting that existing Variola vaccines may be effective against Mpox due to these molecular connections.
Zoonotic risks of pathogens from dairy cattle and their milk-borne transmission.
J Dairy Res
November 2023
Wennink Consultancy and Interim Management, Oss, The Netherlands.
Dairy products are major sources of high-quality protein and bioavailable nutrients and dairy production contributes to local, regional and national-level economies. Consumption of raw milk and raw milk products does, however, carry a zoonotic risk, as does direct contact with cattle by farm husbandry staff and other employees. This review will mainly focus on the latter, and deal with it from the standpoint of a well-developed dairy industry, using the example of the Netherlands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMpox gastrointestinal manifestations: a systematic review.
BMJ Open Gastroenterol
January 2024
College of Health Sciences, California Northstate University, Rancho Cordova, California, USA
Article Synopsis
- Mpox, caused by the monkeypox virus, is primarily known for its skin and flu-like symptoms, but more research is needed on its gastrointestinal (GI) effects following the 2022 outbreak.
- This systematic review identifies GI manifestations in mpox patients, including proctitis, vomiting, and diarrhea, based on a selection of 33 studies with a total of 830 patients.
- No link was found between the severity of skin or flu-like symptoms and GI symptoms, but a connection was noted between anal-receptive sex and the development of proctitis, highlighting the need for awareness among healthcare professionals.
From Farms to Pharma: A "Natural" History of Vaccine Production and Vaccine Skepticism.
Am J Public Health
February 2024
Tess Lanzarotta is with the Department of History at Denison University, Granville, OH.
Article Synopsis
- Vaccine skeptics claim vaccines are "unnatural" and potentially risky, arguing that natural immunity is better than vaccination.
- Public health officials counter by clarifying that vaccines also generate a "natural" immune response.
- Historically, the article highlights how vaccine farmers in the 19th century fostered public trust in vaccines, illustrating ongoing debates about the nature of vaccines and their safety.
Extraction-free LAMP assays for generic detection of Old World Orthopoxviruses and specific detection of Mpox virus.
Sci Rep
November 2023
Molecular Genetics and Genomics Division, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA, 01938, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - Mpox, a neglected zoonotic disease prevalent in West and Central Africa, has seen over 90,000 cases globally since 2022, raising concerns for future outbreaks and emphasizing the urgent need for quick diagnostic tests.
- - The Mpox virus (MPV) belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus, which includes other well-known viruses like variola (smallpox) and vaccinia, and recent phylogenomic analyses have identified distinct groups within these viruses highlighting their zoonotic potential.
- - Researchers developed a user-friendly colorimetric LAMP assay to detect Old World OPVs and created a specific probe for MPV, along with an extraction-free protocol allowing for efficient testing even in low-resource environments, enhancing rapid
Sensitive and specific CRISPR-Cas12a assisted nanopore with RPA for Monkeypox detection.
Biosens Bioelectron
February 2024
Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a global health threat that requires quick and accurate detection methods to control its spread, and the CRISPR technique has shown great potential for this purpose.
- A new method, called RPA-SCAN, combines isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification with CRISPR-Cas12a, achieving a very low limit of detection (LoD) for MPXV, enabling point-of-care diagnostics.
- The RPA-SCAN test has demonstrated 100% accuracy in distinguishing MPXV from similar viruses and is versatile for diagnosing other infectious diseases due to its electronic format and potential for miniaturization.
Smallpox vaccination in a mouse model.
Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii
October 2023
State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vector", Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia.
Article Synopsis
- The 2022 monkeypox epidemic highlighted the need for smallpox vaccinations, particularly for high-risk groups.
- Modern vaccination methods include intramuscular and skin scarification (s.s.), but intradermal (i.d.) delivery might provide better immune responses.
- A study comparing s.s. and i.d. routes in mice showed that i.d. injection led to higher antibody production and stronger immunity against cowpox, making it a more effective vaccination method.