Telomemore enables single-cell analysis of cell cycle and chromatin condensation.

Single-cell RNA-seq methods can be used to delineate cell types and states at unprecedented resolution but do little to explain why certain genes are expressed. Single-cell ATAC-seq and multiome (ATAC + RNA) have emerged to give a complementary view of the cell state. It is however unclear what additional information can be extracted from ATAC-seq data besides transcription factor binding sites.

Cross-cultural validation of plasma p-tau217 and p-tau181 as precision biomarkers for amyloid PET positivity: An East Asian study in Taiwan and Korea.

Introduction: Plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau) biomarkers have improved Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, but data from diverse Asian populations are limited. This study evaluated plasma p-tau217 and p-tau181 levels in Korean and Taiwanese populations.

Methods: All participants (n = 270) underwent amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and blood tests.

Formulation and validation of mathematical model for co-sputtering conditions to attain stoichiometric CZTS films: Expedience of using all metal sulfide targets.

A soda lime glass substrate is used for fabricating CuZnSnS (CZTS) thin films using copper (II) sulfide (CuS), zinc sulfide (ZnS), and tin sulfide (SnS) targets using an advanced co-sputtering deposition process. Following that, the films are annealed at 470 °C without sulfur (S). An algorithm based on the deposition rate of the previously specified targets set the co-sputtering condition, which maintains a deposition pressure of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mTorr.

SPIRIT-DEFINE explanation and elaboration: recommendations for enhancing quality and impact of early phase dose-finding clinical trials protocols.

Unlabelled: Transparent and accurate reporting in early phase dose-finding (EPDF) clinical trials is crucial for informing subsequent larger trials. The SPIRIT statement, designed for trial protocol content, does not adequately cover the distinctive features of EPDF trials. Recent findings indicate that the protocol contents in past EPDF trials frequently lacked completeness and clarity.

CONSORT-DEFINE explanation and elaboration: recommendations for enhancing reporting quality and impact of early phase dose-finding clinical trials.

Unlabelled: Early phase dose-finding (EPDF) trials are key in the development of novel therapies, with their findings directly informing subsequent clinical development phases and providing valuable insights for reverse translation. Comprehensive and transparent reporting of these studies is critical for their accurate and critical interpretation, which may improve and expedite therapeutic development. However, quality of reporting of design characteristics and results from EPDF trials is often variable and incomplete.

Identification of patient demographic, clinical, and SARS-CoV-2 genomic factors associated with severe COVID-19 using supervised machine learning: a retrospective multicenter study.

Background: Drivers of COVID-19 severity are multifactorial and include multidimensional and potentially interacting factors encompassing viral determinants and host-related factors (i.e., demographics, pre-existing conditions and/or genetics), thus complicating the prediction of clinical outcomes for different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) variants.

Isolation, identification, and characterisation of the malachite green detoxifying bacterial strain Bacillus pacificus ROC1 and the azoreductase AzrC.

Malachite green (MG) is used as a dye for materials such as wood, cotton, and nylon, and is used in aquaculture to prevent fungal and protozoan diseases. However, it is highly toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties, resulting in bans worldwide. Despite this, MG is still frequently used in many countries due to its efficacy and economy.

Synergistic Pd/Ag-Catalyzed Domino Reaction: Access to Tetrahydropyrano[4,3-]pyran and Hexahydrofuro[2,3-]pyran.

We report the Pd-catalyzed and Ag-mediated temperature-dependent divergent synthesis of tetrahydropyrano[4,3-]pyran and hexahydrofuro[2,3-]pyran derivatives from a single substrate, alkynols. The reaction involves homocoupling of alkynols to form two C-O bonds and one C-C bond, resulting in tetrahydropyrano[4,3-]pyran cores at a high temperature (110 °C). Exposing tetrahydropyrano[4,3-]pyrans to a 200 W tungsten filament bulb yields tetrahydrofuro[2,3-]pyrans.

Submicroscopic copy number variants in Indian children with gene panel negative 46, XY Gonadal Dysgenesis: An exploratory study using comparative genomic hybridization.

Background: 46, XY disorders of sex development (DSD) are a group of highly heterogeneous conditions in which the molecular etiology remains unknown in a significant proportion of patients, even with massive parallel sequencing. Clinically significant copy number variants (CNVs) are identified in 20-30% of cases, particularly among those with gonadal dysgenesis (GD) and no molecular diagnosis.

Methods: Fourteen patients with 46, XY DSD due to GD in whom no pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were found on next-generation sequencing using a targeted panel of 155 genes were screened for clinically significant CNVs using Affymetrix Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH).

Asymmetries in the Architecture of ON and OFF Arbors in ON-OFF Direction-Selective Ganglion Cells.

Direction selectivity is a fundamental feature in the visual system. In the retina, direction selectivity is independently computed by ON and OFF circuits. However, the advantages of extracting directional information from these two independent circuits are unclear.

Whole-brain gray matter volume and fractional anisotropy of the posterior thalamic radiation and sagittal stratum in healthy adults correlate with the local environment.

The impacts of air pollution, local climate, and urbanization on human health have been well-documented in recent studies. In this study, we combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain analysis with a questionnaire survey on the local environment in 141 healthy middle-aged men and women. Our findings reveal that a favorable environment is positively correlated with gray matter volume (GMV) in the frontal and occipital lobes, cerebellum, and whole brain, as well as with fractional anisotropy (FA) in the fornix (including the fornix stria terminalis), posterior thalamic radiation (PTR), sagittal stratum (SS), and whole brain.

Automating the practice of science: Opportunities, challenges, and implications.

Automation transformed various aspects of our human civilization, revolutionizing industries and streamlining processes. In the domain of scientific inquiry, automated approaches emerged as powerful tools, holding promise for accelerating discovery, enhancing reproducibility, and overcoming the traditional impediments to scientific progress. This article evaluates the scope of automation within scientific practice and assesses recent approaches.

Stress regulatory hormones and cancer: the contribution of epinephrine and cancer therapeutic value of beta blockers.

The word "cancer" evokes myriad emotions, ranging from fear and despair to hope and determination. Cancer is aptly defined as a complex and multifaceted group of diseases that has unapologetically led to the loss of countless lives and affected innumerable families across the globe. The battle with cancer is not only a physical battle, but also an emotional, as well as a psychological skirmish for patients and for their loved ones.

Melatonin improves the lead tolerance in Plantago ovata by modulating ROS homeostasis, phytohormone status and expression of stress-responsive genes.

Melatonin increases Pb tolerance in P. ovata seedlings via the regulation of growth and stress-related phytohormones, ROS scavenging and genes responsible for melatonin synthesis, metal chelation, and stress defense. Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal that accumulates in plants through soil and air contamination and impairs its plant growth and development.

Investigating the threat to Sitka spruce from Ips typographus: discrimination and colonization of Britain's principal commercial conifer by a damaging forest pest.

Background: Ips typographus (L.), the eight-toothed spruce bark beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytinae), has devastated European Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests in recent years. For the first time, I.

Ameliorating salt stress in tomato by a top-down approach of acclimatizing the rhizosphere microbiome.

Soil salinization adversely impacts plant and soil health. While amendment with chemicals is not sustainable, the application of bioinoculants suffers from competition with indigenous microbes. Hence, microbiome-based rhizosphere engineering, focussing on acclimatization of rhizosphere microbiome under selection pressure to facilitate plant growth, exhibits promise.

Effect of nutrient-rich quinoa fraction composite wheat flour on product development.

To study the characteristics of bread by incorporating nutrient-rich quinoa flour as a new source for product development. Wheat flour was replaced by fractionated quinoa flour in different variations from 0%QF to 20%QF: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% WQF blends, respectively. Physicochemical studies resulted in higher protein and fiber content for the higher blend.

Transitional analysis for multi-objective operative improvement of reformate quality and hydrogen production from a naphtha catalytic reforming process.

The hydrogen produced ( ) in the Catalytic Naphtha Reforming (CNR) is important in quantity and quality, for the feedback of the process and for supplying the hydrotreatment processes in current refineries. In this work it is presented a study by process simulation using ® for finding operative transitional modes that simultaneously improve quality of the reformate and hydrogen production of the CNR. The operative conditions that were studied correspond to the recirculation ratio of hydrogen/hydrocarbon ( ), with values between 2 and 6, and the temperature (), between 450 and 525 °C, in order to determining the best operative transitional route from the initial operative state to a local improved state, applying the method of superposition of response surfaces and criteria assessment of improvement in quality and quantity of hydrogen produced.

Exploring the Implementation of Cognitive Screening in First-Episode Psychosis Settings: The CogScreen Implementation Study.

Aim: Accurate and appropriate cognitive screening can significantly enhance early psychosis care, yet no screening tools have been validated for the early psychosis population and little is known about current screening practices, experiences, or factors that may influence implementation. CogScreen is a hybrid type 1 study aiming to validate two promising screening tools with young people with first episode psychosis (primary aim) and to understand the context for implementing cognitive screening in early psychosis settings (secondary aim). This protocol outlines the implementation study, which aims to explore the current practices, acceptability, feasibility and determinants of cognitive screening in early psychosis settings from the perspective of key stakeholders.

Precision in Liver Diagnosis: Varied Accuracy Across Subgroups and the Need for Variable Thresholds in Diagnosis of MASLD.

Background And Aims: The performance of non-invasive liver tests (NITs) is known to vary across settings and subgroups. We systematically evaluated whether the performance of three NITs in detecting advanced fibrosis in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) varies with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status or liver enzymes.

Methods: Data from 586 adult LITMUS Metacohort participants with histologically characterised MASLD were included.

Consensus recommendations for measuring the impact of contraception on the menstrual cycle in contraceptive clinical trials.

Objective: We sought to develop consensus recommendations for measurement and analysis of data on contraceptive-induced menstrual changes (CIMCs) in contraceptive clinical trials. We built upon previous standardization efforts over the last 50 years and prioritized input from a variety of global experts and current regulatory authority guidance on patient-reported outcomes.

Study Design: We completed a formal consensus-building process with an interdisciplinary group of 57 experts from 30 organizations and 14 countries in five global regions who work across academia, nonprofit research organizations, the pharmaceutical industry, and funding agencies.

A Systematic Study of the Structural Properties of Technical Lignins.

Technical lignins are globally available and a sustainable feedstock. The unique properties of technical lignins suggest that these materials should have several industrial applications. The main proposal of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the structure and properties of two technical lignins.

Cell Morphology, Material Property and Ni(II) Adsorption of Microcellular Injection-Molded Polystyrene Reinforced with Graphene Nanoparticles.

Graphene's incorporation into polymers has enabled the development of advanced polymer/graphene nanocomposites with superior properties. This study focuses on the use of a microcellular foamed polystyrene (PS)/graphene (GP) nanocomposite (3 wt%) for nickel (II) ion removal from aqueous solutions. Adsorption behavior was evaluated through FTIR, TEM, SEM, TGA, and XRD analyses.

Dynamic Tensile Response of Basalt Fibre Grids for Textile-Reinforced Mortar (TRM) Strengthening Systems.

The present work constitutes the initial experimental effort to characterise the dynamic tensile performance of basalt fibre grids employed in TRM systems. The tensile behaviour of a bi-directional basalt fibre grid was explored using a high-speed servo-hydraulic testing machine with specialised grips. Deformation and failure modes were captured using a high-speed camera.

Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Chitosan-Grafted Leciplexes for Promoting the Bioavailability and Antidepressant Efficacy of Mirtazapine: In Vitro Assessment and Animal Studies.

: Mirtazapine (MRZ) is a psychotropic drug prescribed to manage serious sorts of depression. By virtue of its extensive initial-pass metabolic process with poor water solubility, the ultimate bioavailability when taken orally is a mere 50%, necessitating repeated administration. The current inquiry intended to fabricate nose-to-brain chitosan-grafted cationic leciplexes of MRZ (CS-MRZ-LPX) to improve its pharmacokinetic weaknesses and boost the pharmacodynamics aspects.