Progress in Nanotechnology for Treating Ocular Surface Chemical Injuries: Reflecting on Advances in Ophthalmology.

Ocular surface chemical injuries often result in permanent visual impairment and necessitate complex, long-term treatments. Immediate and extensive irrigation serves as the first-line intervention, followed by various therapeutic protocols applied throughout different stages of the condition. To optimize outcomes, conventional regimens increasingly incorporate biological agents and surgical techniques.

Quantitative risk assessment of rainstorm-induced flood disaster in Piedmont plain of Pakistan.

Pakistan's geographic location makes it an important land hub between Central Asia, Middle East-North Africa, and China. However, the railways, roads, farmland, riverways, and residential quarters in the Piedmont plains of Baluchistan province in northwestern Pakistan are under serious threat of flooding in the summer of 2022. The urgency and severity of climate change's impact on humanity are underscored by the significant threats posed to human life and property in Piedmont Plains environments through extreme flood events, which has garnered widespread concerns.

Unifying topological structure and self-attention mechanism for node classification in directed networks.

Graph data is essential for modeling complex relationships among entities. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated effectiveness in processing low-order undirected graph data; however, in complex directed graphs, relationships between nodes extend beyond first-order connections and encompass higher-order relationships. Additionally, the asymmetry introduced by edge directionality further complicates node interactions, presenting greater challenges for extracting node information.

Treatment patterns for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under the tiered medical system.

China has implemented the "tiered medical services" policy since 2015, while there is a paucity of data evaluating the the current status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management under the system. Characteristics and treatments from 11,905 COPD patients in 88 hospitals across different tiers in China were included and analyzed. We assessed the statistical significance of differences by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and with the chi-squared test for categorical variables.

Unveiling nature's antidiabetic potential in Berberis orthobotrys seeds for alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

To illustrate the anti-diabetic properties of Berberis orthobotrys seeds was the aim of the current study. After a series of experiments, two doses of aqueous methanolic extract of the seeds were selected i.e.

Connecting genomic results for psychiatric disorders to human brain cell types and regions reveals convergence with functional connectivity.

Identifying cell types and brain regions critical for psychiatric disorders and brain traits is essential for targeted neurobiological research. By integrating genomic insights from genome-wide association studies with a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the adult human brain, we prioritized specific neuronal clusters significantly enriched for the SNP-heritabilities for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder along with intelligence, education, and neuroticism. Extrapolation of cell-type results to brain regions reveals the whole-brain impact of schizophrenia genetic risk, with subregions in the hippocampus and amygdala exhibiting the most significant enrichment of SNP-heritability.

Segmentation aware probabilistic phenotyping of single-cell spatial protein expression data.

Spatial protein expression technologies can map cellular content and organization by simultaneously quantifying the expression of >40 proteins at subcellular resolution within intact tissue sections and cell lines. However, necessary image segmentation to single cells is challenging and error prone, easily confounding the interpretation of cellular phenotypes and cell clusters. To address these limitations, we present STARLING, a probabilistic machine learning model designed to quantify cell populations from spatial protein expression data while accounting for segmentation errors.

Ab initio machine-learning unveils strong anharmonicity in non-Arrhenius self-diffusion of tungsten.

The knowledge of diffusion mechanisms in materials is crucial for predicting their high-temperature performance and stability, yet accurately capturing the underlying physics like thermal effects remains challenging. In particular, the origin of the experimentally observed non-Arrhenius diffusion behavior has remained elusive, largely due to the lack of effective computational tools. Here we propose an efficient ab initio framework to compute the Gibbs energy of the transition state in vacancy-mediated diffusion including the relevant thermal excitations at the density-functional-theory level.

Therapeutic reduction of neurocan in murine intracerebral hemorrhage lesions promotes oligodendrogenesis and functional recovery.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes prominent deposition of extracellular matrix molecules, particularly the chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) member neurocan. In tissue culture, neurocan impedes the properties of oligodendrocytes. Whether therapeutic reduction of neurocan promotes oligodendrogenesis and functional recovery in ICH is unknown.

D-ribose-5-phosphate inactivates YAP and functions as a metabolic checkpoint.

Background: Targeting glucose uptake by glucose transporter (GLUT) inhibitors is a therapeutic opportunity, but efforts on GLUT inhibitors have not been successful in the clinic and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We aim to identify the key metabolic changes responsible for cancer cell survival from glucose limitation and elucidate its mechanism.

Methods: The level of phosphorylated YAP was analyzed with Western blotting and Phos-tag immunoblotting.

CT-based airway changes after smoking cessation in the general population.

Purpose: Previous research has demonstrated improvements in CT-derived bronchial parameters in the first years after smoking cessation. This study investigates the association between longer smoking cessation duration and bronchial parameters in lung-healthy and lung-unhealthy ex-smokers from the general population.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using low-dose CT scans of ex-smokers from the general population with at least 10 pack-years from the ImaLife study, a sub study within the Lifelines cohort.

Associations between vaping during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Despite numerous studies linking prenatal vaping to adverse perinatal outcomes, a systematic assessment for critical comparison remains absent. To investigate these associations, we conducted a systematic search of studies assessing perinatal outcomes in mothers and/or neonates exposed to vaping during pregnancy compared to those in women without prenatal vaping exposure through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, and Google Scholar until July 5, 2024. We performed inverse-variance random-effects meta-analyses for maternal and neonatal outcomes of 23 studies with a total of 924,376 participants with 7552 reporting vaping-only use during pregnancy.

Detection of Rocahepevirus ratti in Bivalve Mollusks from São Luís Island, Maranhão, Brazil: A Potential Transmission Route of an Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen?

The attempt to investigate hepatitis E virus (HEV) contamination in naturally growing mangrove bivalve mollusks captured for local sale in a touristic area of Maranhão state in Brazil revealed the detection of rat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV). Using international standard protocols for processing and nucleic acid extraction, we analyzed 89 bivalve samples (Mytella falcata and Crassostrea rhizophorae) with two broadly reactive assays: heminested pan-Hepeviridae (ORF-1) and probe-based HEV-1 to HEV-4 (ORF-2/ORF-3). Heminested reactions presented 2 (2.

Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) in Acute Viral Myocarditis in Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Context: Acute myocarditis is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition in infants and children. While immunosuppressive agents have shown limited effectiveness, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) holds promise as a treatment option.

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in treating acute viral myocarditis in children.

Land Use Change Consistently Reduces α- But Not β- and γ-Diversity of Bees.

Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α-diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e.

Indole and Coumarin Derivatives Targeting EEF2K in Aβ Folding Reporter Cells.

Misfolding and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) lead to neuronal loss through various mechanisms, including the downregulation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EEF2) protein synthesis signaling. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of indole and coumarin derivatives on Aβ folding and EEF2 signaling using SH-SY5Y cells expressing Aβ-green fluorescent protein (GFP) folding reporter. Among the tested compounds, two indole (NC009-1, -6) and two coumarin (LM-021, -036) derivatives effectively reduced Aβ misfolding and associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

The effect of responsible leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: double mediation of gratitude and organizational identification.

Background: Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is a non-compulsory but beneficial behavior for effective organizational operation. OCB can be largely determined by the type of leadership style, among which responsible leadership has been attracting considerable attention in the organizational context nowadays. The objective of this study was to examine the parallel mediating effect of gratitude and organizational identification between responsible leadership and OCB among the academic staff in China.

Cough and sputum symptoms reduce physical activity in patients with NTM pulmonary disease.

Although physical activity is an important outcome in patients with chronic respiratory disease, it has not been characterised in those with non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). This study aimed to evaluate physical activity and its associated factors in patients with NTM-PD.This prospective observational study measured daily step counts using an accelerometer to assess physical activity (steps per day).

Development of machine learning models for diagnostic biomarker identification and immune cell infiltration analysis in PCOS.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by symptoms such as hyperandrogenemia, oligo or anovulation and polycystic ovarian, significantly impacting quality of life. However, the practical implementation of machine learning (ML) in PCOS diagnosis is hindered by the limitations related to data size and algorithmic models.

Facilitators and barriers affecting the implementation of e-health for chronic respiratory diseases in remote settings: a qualitative evidence synthesis.

Background: Chronic respiratory diseases are important causes of disability and mortality globally. Their incidence may be higher in remote locations where healthcare is limited and risk factors, such as smoking and indoor air pollution, are more prevalent. E-health could overcome some healthcare access obstacles in remote locations, but its utilisation has been limited.

A cross-sectional study assessing barriers and facilitators to the sustainability of physical activity and nutrition interventions in early childhood education and care settings.

Background: Effective evidence-based physical activity and nutrition interventions to prevent overweight and obesity and support healthy child development need to be sustained within Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) services. Despite this, little is known about factors that influence sustainability of these programs in ECEC settings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the factors related to sustainability of physical activity and nutrition interventions in ECEC settings and examine their association with ECEC service characteristics.

Generation Victoria (GenV): protocol for a longitudinal birth cohort of Victorian children and their parents.

Background: In a world confronted with new and connected challenges, novel strategies are needed to help children and adults achieve their full potential, to predict, prevent and treat disease, and to achieve equity in services and outcomes. Australia's Generation Victoria (GenV) cohorts are designed for multi-pronged discovery (what could improve outcomes?) and intervention research (what actually works, how much and for whom?). Here, we describe the key features of its protocol.

Improving apgar scores and reducing perineal injuries through midwife-led quality improvements: an observational study in Uganda.

Background: Globally, the quality of maternal and newborn care remains inadequate, as seen through indicators like perineal injuries and low Apgar scores. While midwifery practices have the potential to improve care quality and health outcomes, there is a lack of evidence on how midwife-led initiatives, particularly those aimed at improving the use of dynamic birth positions, intrapartum support, and perineal protection, affect these outcomes.

Objective: To explore how the use of dynamic birth positions, intrapartum support, and perineal protection impact the incidence of perineal injuries and the 5-min Apgar score within the context of a midwife-led quality improvement intervention.

Transcriptome and DNA methylation profiling during the NSN to SN transition in mouse oocytes.

Background: During the latter stages of their development, mammalian oocytes under dramatic chromatin reconfiguration, transitioning from a non-surrounded nucleolus (NSN) to a surrounded nucleolus (SN) stage, and concomitant transcriptional silencing. Although the NSN-SN transition is known to be essential for developmental competence of the oocyte, less is known about the accompanying molecular changes. Here we examine the changes in the transcriptome and DNA methylation during the NSN to SN transition in mouse oocytes.

Migraine in men.

Background: Migraine is a common primary headache disorder, less frequently affecting men than women, and often regarded as predominantly a "women's disease." Despite this, migraine in men presents with unique characteristics in terms of symptoms, treatment responses, comorbidities, and pain perception. Historically, research has focused more on migraine in women, overlooking critical male-specific aspects.