Peel learning for pathway-related outcome prediction.

Motivation: Traditional regression models are limited in outcome prediction due to their parametric nature. Current deep learning methods allow for various effects and interactions and have shown improved performance, but they typically need to be trained on a large amount of data to obtain reliable results. Gene expression studies often have small sample sizes but high dimensional correlated predictors so that traditional deep learning methods are not readily applicable.

Determining the quantity and character of carotid artery embolic debris by electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.

Objectives: Carotid artery angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is now routinely performed with embolic protection devices, yet little is known about the compositional characteristics of the captured embolic debris and whether the type or quantity of debris correlates with patient, lesion, or operator characteristics. This study examined the embolic debris generated during CAS using electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) for symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.

Methods: Between 2003 and 2005, CAS for carotid stenosis was performed in 175 patients.

Pbx1/Pbx2 requirement for distal limb patterning is mediated by the hierarchical control of Hox gene spatial distribution and Shh expression.

Vertebrate limb development occurs along three cardinal axes-proximodistal, anteroposterior and dorsoventral-that are established via the organization of signaling centers, such as the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA). Distal limb development, in turn, requires a molecular feedback loop between the ZPA expression of sonic hedgehog (Shh) and the apical ectodermal ridge. The TALE homeoprotein Pbx1 has been shown to be essential for proximal limb development.

Spatio-temporal expression of Pbx3 during mouse organogenesis.

Pbx3 is a member of the Pbx family of TALE (three amino acid loop extension) class homeodomain transcription factors. These transcription factors are implicated in developmental and transcriptional gene regulation in numerous cell types through their abilities to form hetero-oligomeric DNA-binding complexes. Pbx3 was found to be expressed at high levels in the developing central nervous system (CNS), including a region of the medulla oblongata which is implicated in the control of respiration.