COMPARISON OF LIGAMENT Z-PLASTY AND CONVENTIONAL SURGERY FOR THE TREATMENT OF CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL.

Background: Conventional surgery performed to treat carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is associated with complications such as pillar pain or loss of strength. This study aimed to compare the incidence of pillar pain between two techniques at the 3-week and 6-month follow-up and to determine any differences in the recovery of grip strength (GS), pinch strength (PS), and Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) scores.

Methods: This randomized clinical trial comprised 109 patients of which 55 underwent ligament Z-plasty and 54 underwent conventional surgery (longitudinal section of the transverse carpal ligament without posterior closure).

Spanish experts consensus on emergency psychiatric care in hospital emergency departments.

Background: The demand for urgent psychiatric care is increasing, but in Spain there are no clear recommendations for emergency departments (ED) on how to optimize care for patients with psychiatric emergencies. We aimed to provide expert consensus recommendations on the requirements for general hospitals´ emergency departments to treat patients with urgent psychiatric symptoms.

Methods: We used a modified Delphi technique.

Genetic biomarkers of methotrexate response and safety in Crohn's disease: Data from the Spanish ENEIDA registry.

Aims: Methotrexate (MTX) is used to induce and maintain remission in patients with steroid-dependent Crohn's disease (CD). Despite its proven efficacy, its use is limited due to associated adverse events. Polymorphisms involving folate pathway genes might influence MTX efficacy and toxicity.

Remnant cholesterol, vascular risk, and prevention of atherosclerosis.

In patients who have achieved optimal LDL-C control, there remains a residual risk of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) related to alterations in lipid metabolism, where alterations in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and the cholesterol they contain, called remnant cholesterol, play a major role. Remnant cholesterol has an association with residual risk of ACVD that is independent of LDL-C and has been demonstrated in epidemiological and Mendelian randomisation studies, and in analyses of clinical trials of lipid-lowering drugs. Remnant triglyceride-rich lipoproteins particles are highly atherogenic, due to their ability to enter and be retained in the arterial wall, their high cholesterol content, and their ability to generate "foam cells" and an inflammatory response.

Nutritional recommendations in the prevention and treatment of atherogenic dyslipidemia.

The incorporation of a healthy diet, regular physical exercise and smoking cessation are the initial measures to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia. In these patients, the nutritional quality of their diet should be improved, replacing foods with a greater atherogenic effect for others with a healthier effect. There is strong evidence that plant-based dietary patterns, low in saturated fatty acids, cholesterol and sodium, with a high content of fiber, potassium and unsaturated fatty acids, are beneficial and reduce the expression of cardiovascular risk factors.

Reduced intensity versus non-myeloablative conditioning regimen for haploidentical transplantation and post-transplantation cyclophosphamide in complete remission acute myeloid leukemia: a study from the ALWP of the EBMT.

The optimal conditioning regimen prior haploidentical stem cell transplantation (Haplo-SCT) with post transplantation cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unknown. A non-myeloablative conditioning (NMAC) regimen (cyclophosphamide + fludarabine + TBI 2 Gy [CyFluTBI]) is a safe approach, but relapse incidence remains high in this setting. Alternatively, a reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen combining thiotepa and reduced-dose busulfan with fludarabine (TBF) may decrease AML relapse.

Kidney Biopsy in Patients with Cancer along the Last Decade: A Multicenter Study.

Background: Currently, following the new advances in cancer treatments and the increasing prevalence of kidney disease in the population, more kidney biopsies are being performed. The aim of our study is to analyze clinical and histological characteristics of patients with active solid organ malignancy who underwent kidney biopsy. This is a multi-center collaborative retrospective study supported by groups GLOSEN/Onconephrology from the Spanish Society of Nephrology.

Health-related quality-of-life outcomes in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab or everolimus versus sunitinib (CLEAR): a randomised, phase 3 study.

Background: Results from the phase 3 CLEAR study showed that lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab improved progression-free survival and overall survival compared with sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. We aimed to assess the health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) outcomes from the CLEAR study.

Methods: This open-label, randomised, phase 3 study was done across 200 hospitals and cancer centres in 20 countries.

Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2, superiority trial to demonstrate the effectiveness of faecal microbiota transplantation for selective intestinal decolonisation of patients colonised by carbapenemase-producing (KAPEDIS).

Introduction: Infections caused by carbapenemase-producing are frequent and associated with high rates of mortality. Intestinal carriers are at increased risk of infection by these microorganisms. Decolonisation strategies with antibiotics have not obtained conclusive results.

How the COVID-19 pandemic has affected rheumatology research.

The COVID-19 pandemic has put pressure on researchers around the world. In this Viewpoint, six rheumatology researchers at different career stages and from different regions discuss the difficulty of conducting research during the pandemic, and also reflect on how the pandemic has changed their attitudes towards research and their plans for the future.

Work productivity and activity impairment in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Objectives: In this observational, analytical, cross-sectional study we aimed to describe the impact of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) on work productivity and activities of daily living (ADL) to assess the association between ADL impairment and clinical manifestations and to compare ADL impairment according to patients' socioeconomic condition.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with pSS attending 11 centres from Argentina were included. To evaluate work productivity and ADL impairment, a work productivity and activity impairment questionnaire (WPAI) was used.

Time to -30°C as a predictor of acute success during cryoablation in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Background: Freezing rate of second-generation cryoballoon (CB) is a biophysical parameter that could assist pulmonary vein isolation. The aim of this study is to assess freezing rate (time to reach -30°C ([TT-30C]) as an early predictor of acute pulmonary vein isolation using the CB.

Methods: Biophysical data from CB freeze applications within a multicenter, nation-wide CB ablation registry were gathered.

Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide for Graft-versus- Host Disease Prophylaxis in Multiple Myeloma Patients Who Underwent Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: First Comparison by Donor Type. A Study from the Chronic Malignancies Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains among the major causes of treatment failure in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). The use of post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) is now a well-established and widely used method for GVHD prophylaxis after HLA haploidentical HCT. However, the rationale for using PT-Cy in the setting of matched donor transplantation is less apparent, given the lesser degree of bidirectional alloreactivity.

Treatment of mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia.

The atherogenic role of triglycerides (TG) as an independent cardiovascular risk factor has been discussed for many years, largely because hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) is a complex metabolic entity of multiple aetiology involving processes of diverse nature. In this chapter, a discussion will be presented on the current recommendations for the management of mild-moderate hypertriglyceridaemia (150-880mg/dL). The aim of the interventions used is to decrease the LDL-cholesterol (c-LDL) and control the HTG.

Lenvatinib plus Pembrolizumab or Everolimus for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Lenvatinib in combination with pembrolizumab or everolimus has activity against advanced renal cell carcinoma. The efficacy of these regimens as compared with that of sunitinib is unclear.

Methods: In this phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned (in a 1:1:1 ratio) patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma and no previous systemic therapy to receive lenvatinib (20 mg orally once daily) plus pembrolizumab (200 mg intravenously once every 3 weeks), lenvatinib (18 mg orally once daily) plus everolimus (5 mg orally once daily), or sunitinib (50 mg orally once daily, alternating 4 weeks receiving treatment and 2 weeks without treatment).

Efficacy of citrulline supplementation to decrease the risk of pulmonary hypertension after congenital heart disease surgery. A local experience.

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a major cause of morbi-mortality among patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and also a potentially severe complication after surgical repair. Oral citrulline, a precursor to NO synthesis, is safe and efficacious for decreasing the risk of postoperative PH. Objective:

Objetive: The aim of the present study was to investigate in pediatric patients the changes of plasma citrulline, arginine, homocysteine and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and pulmonary artery pressures (PAP) pre-post cardiac surgery in order to describe our population status with regard to the risk of pulmonary hypertension and look for potential biomarkers for early detection and treatment.

Preliminary study between Y chromosome haplogroups and chagasic cardiomyopathy manifestations in patients with Chagas disease.

Introduction: Among patients with Chagas disease, men have a higher risk of worse pathological symptoms than women. We aimed to explore the role of the Y chromosome in men diagnosed with Chagas disease and assess the relationship between their ancestry and disease status.

Methods: In this comparative study, we analyzed 150 men with unrelated non-chagasic disease (nCD) and 150 men with unrelated chagasic disease (CD).

New Perspectives on Atherogenic Dyslipidaemia and Cardiovascular Disease.

Over the past few decades, atherogenic dyslipidaemia has become one of the most common phenotypic presentations of lipid abnormalities, being strongly and unequivocally associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. Despite the excellent results achieved from statin and non-statin management of LDL cholesterol and CV events prevention, there still remains a significant residual risk, associated with the prevalence of non-LDL cholesterol lipid patterns characterised by elevated triglyceride levels, low HDL cholesterol, a preponderance of small and dense LDL particles, accumulation of remnant lipoproteins and postprandial hyperlipidaemia. These qualitative and quantitative lipid modifications are largely associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and obesity, the prevalence of which has grown to epidemic proportions throughout the world.

Correlation between biomarkers of pain in saliva and PAINAD scale in elderly people with cognitive impairment and inability to communicate: descriptive study protocol.

Introduction: Pain is an under-diagnosed problem in elderly people, especially in those with cognitive impairment who are unable to verbalise their pain. Although the Pain assessment in advanced dementia scale (PAINAD) scale is a tool recognised for its clinical interest in this type of patients, its correlation with the saliva biomarkers reinforced its utility. The aim of this research will be to correlate the scores of this scale with the levels of biomarkers of pain found in saliva samples of patients with cognitive impairment and inability to communicate.

The selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha modulator (SPPARMα) paradigm: conceptual framework and therapeutic potential : A consensus statement from the International Atherosclerosis Society (IAS) and the Residual Risk Reduction Initiative (R3i) Foundation.

In the era of precision medicine, treatments that target specific modifiable characteristics of high-risk patients have the potential to lower further the residual risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Correction of atherogenic dyslipidemia, however, remains a major unmet clinical need. Elevated plasma triglycerides, with or without low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), offer a key modifiable component of this common dyslipidemia, especially in insulin resistant conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Genetic association between CD96 locus and immunogenicity to anti-TNF therapy in Crohn's disease.

The production of antibodies to anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) agents is one of the main causes of treatment failure in Crohn's disease (CD). To date, however, the contribution of genetics to anti-TNF immunogenicity in CD is still unknown. The objective of the present study was to identify genetic variation associated with anti-TNF immunogenicity in CD.

New evidence on the role of inflammation in CVD risk.

Purpose Of Review: Based on compelling data from animal and human studies, over the past few decades, the viewpoint of atherosclerosis as an exclusively lipid-driven disease, has been gradually replaced by the concept of a chronic low-grade inflammatory process of the arterial wall. This review presents a brief description on the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, and examines selected anti-inflammatory interventions that have been tested in clinical trials designed to prevent adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and excess CVD risk.

Recent Findings: The Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study trial has provided convincing evidence that neutralization of the interleukin (IL)-1β inflammatory pathway by the selective antibody canakinumab reduces major CVD events and significantly lowers IL-1β, IL-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, without affecting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Evolution of alcohol and tobacco consumption in young people in Spain, after the law 42/2010 against smoking: 2011-2014.

The objective of the study was to evaluate alcohol and tobacco consumption in young people in Spain, after Law 42/2010, during the interval of 2011-2014. The sample consisted of 3270 young people aged between 15 and 24 years who completed the National Survey of Health in Spain (ENSE) of 2011 and the European Survey of Health in Spain (EESE) of 2014. Variables: consumption, type of tobacco, attempts to quit smoking, consumption and type of alcoholic beverage, binge drinking, and sociodemographic variables.