Clinical and molecular characteristics associated with high PD-L1 expression in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective: Recent evidence suggests that elevated levels of PD-L1 expression may be linked to early resistance to TKI and reduced survival in NSCLC with EGFR mutations. This study aimed to characterize the clinical and molecular features of EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinomas and determine the prognostic significance associated with high PD-L1 expression.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 103 consecutive patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC, who received treatment between 01/01/2016 and 30/12/2020, at our institution.

Palatal groove associated with periodontal lesions: a systematic review illustrated by a decisional tree for management.

Background: Palatal groove represents a relatively uncommon developmental root anomaly, usually found on the palatal aspect of maxillary incisors. While its origin is controversial, its presence predisposes to severe periodontal defects.

Aim: This study aimed to provide a systematic review of the literature focusing on the varied diagnostic techniques and treatment modalities for periodontal lesions arising from the presence of palatal groove.

Effect of mandibular advancement appliance use on oral and periodontal health in patients with OSA: a systematic review.

Study Objectives: Use of a mandibular advancement appliance (MAA) is an effective treatment option for mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). MAA is well-tolerated but undesirable effects may be observed over time. The present systematic review aimed to assess the effect of MAA use on oral and periodontal health in patients with OSA.

Comparison of the validity, perceived usefulness, and usability of I-MeDeSA and TEMAS, two tools to evaluate alert system usability.

Objective: Two tools are currently available in the literature to evaluate the usability of medication alert systems, the instrument for evaluating human factors principles in medication-related decision support alerts (I-MeDeSA) and the tool for evaluating medication alerting systems (TEMAS). This study aimed to compare their convergent validity, perceived usability, usefulness, strengths, and weaknesses, as well as users' preferences.

Method: To evaluate convergent validity, two experts mapped TEMAS' items against I-MeDeSA's items with respect to the usability dimensions they target.

Increased serum S100A12 levels are associated with higher risk of acute heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: The hyperglycaemic stress induces the release of inflammatory proteins such as S100A12, one of the endogenous ligands of the receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Chronic activation of RAGE has multiple deleterious effects in target tissues such as the heart and the vessels by promoting oxidative stress, inflammation by the release of cytokines, macrophages infiltration, and vascular cell migration and proliferation, causing ultimately endothelial cell and cardiomyocyte dysfunction. The aim of our study was to investigate the prognostic value of circulating S100A12 beyond established cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) for heart failure (HF) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Ethical Aspects of Artificial Intelligence in Radiation Oncology.

Radiation oncology is a field that heavily relies on new technology. Data science and artificial intelligence will have an important role in the entire radiotherapy workflow. A new paradigm of routine healthcare data reuse to automate treatments and provide decision support is emerging.

Identifying homogeneous healthcare use profiles and treatment sequences by combining sequence pattern mining with care trajectory clustering in kidney cancer patients on oral anticancer drugs: A case study.

Objective: We evaluated the ability of a coupled pattern-mining and clustering method to identify homogeneous groups of subjects in terms of healthcare resource use, prognosis and treatment sequences, in renal cancer patients beginning oral anticancer treatment.

Methods: Data were retrieved from the permanent sample of the French medico-administrative database. We applied the CP-SPAM algorithm for pattern mining to healthcare use sequences, followed by hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC).

Loss of Human Beta Cell Identity in a Reconstructed Omental Stromal Cell Environment.

In human type 2 diabetes, adipose tissue plays an important role in disturbing glucose homeostasis by secreting factors that affect the function of cells and tissues throughout the body, including insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. We aimed here at studying the paracrine effect of stromal cells isolated from subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue on human beta cells. We developed an in vitro model wherein the functional human beta cell line EndoC-βH1 was treated with conditioned media from human adipose tissues.

Gut Microbiota Regulate Pancreatic Growth, Exocrine Function, and Gut Hormones.

Growing evidence indicates an important link between gut microbiota, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Alterations in exocrine pancreatic function are also widely present in patients with diabetes and obesity. To examine this interaction, C57BL/6J mice were fed a chow diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), or an HFD plus oral vancomycin or metronidazole to modify the gut microbiome.

Association Between Exposure to Effervescent Paracetamol and Hospitalization for Acute Heart Failure: A Case-Crossover Study.

We investigated whether effervescent paracetamol, as an important source of nondietary sodium and fluid load, is associated with a transient increase in the risk of hospitalization for acute heart failure (AHF). We conducted a unidirectional case-crossover study using data from the 1 in 97th representative sample from the French health care database. Subjects aged ≥18 years, hospitalized for AHF during the 2014-2016 period, were included.

Reliability and Safety of Bedside Blind Bone Biopsy Performed by a Diabetologist for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis.

Objective: Bone biopsy (BB) performed by a surgeon or an interventional radiologist is recommended for suspicion of osteomyelitis underlying diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). To facilitate its practice, we developed a procedure allowing bedside blind bone biopsy (B4) by a diabetologist.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a three-step observational study consisting of a feasibility and safety phase (phase 1) to assess the success and side effects of B4, a validity phase (phase 2) to compare DFU outcomes between positive (B4+) and negative (B4-) bone cultures, and a performance phase (phase 3) to compare B4 with the conventional surgical or radiological procedure basic bone biopsy (B3).

Diabetes Increases Severe COVID-19 Outcomes Primarily in Younger Adults.

Context: Diabetes is reported as a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but whether this risk is similar in all categories of age remains unclear.

Objective: To investigate the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in hospitalized patients with and without diabetes according to age categories.

Design Setting And Participants: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of 6314 consecutive patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between February and 30 June 2020 in the Paris metropolitan area, France; follow-up was recorded until 30 September 2020.

E-type prostanoid receptor 4 drives resolution of intestinal inflammation by blocking epithelial necroptosis.

Inflammatory bowel diseases present with elevated levels of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) death, which compromises the gut barrier, activating immune cells and triggering more IEC death. The endogenous signals that prevent IEC death and break this vicious cycle, allowing resolution of intestinal inflammation, remain largely unknown. Here we show that prostaglandin E2 signalling via the E-type prostanoid receptor 4 (EP4) on IECs represses epithelial necroptosis and induces resolution of colitis.

Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Shape a Transmissible Gut Microbiota That Protects From Metabolic Diseases.

Excess chronic contact between microbial motifs and intestinal immune cells is known to trigger a low-grade inflammation involved in many pathologies such as obesity and diabetes. The important skewing of intestinal adaptive immunity in the context of diet-induced obesity (DIO) is well described, but how dendritic cells (DCs) participate in these changes is still poorly documented. To address this question, we challenged transgenic mice with enhanced DC life span and immunogenicity (DC mice) with a high-fat diet.

The Role of Radiomics in Lung Cancer: From Screening to Treatment and Follow-Up.

Purpose: Lung cancer represents the first cause of cancer-related death in the world. Radiomics studies arise rapidly in this late decade. The aim of this review is to identify important recent publications to be synthesized into a comprehensive review of the current status of radiomics in lung cancer at each step of the patients' care.

Non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus and the risk of virus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies.

A significant number of studies invoked diabetes as a risk factor for virus infections, but the issue remains controversial. We aimed to examine whether non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus enhances the risk of virus infections compared with the risk in healthy individuals without non-autoimmune diabetes mellitus. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed case-control and cohort studies on the association between non-autoimmune diabetes and viruses.

Liver macrophages and inflammation in physiology and physiopathology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, being a common comorbidity of type 2 diabetes and with important links to inflammation and insulin resistance. NAFLD represents a spectrum of liver conditions ranging from steatosis in the form of ectopic lipid storage, to inflammation and fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Macrophages that populate the liver play important roles in maintaining liver homeostasis under normal physiology and in promoting inflammation and mediating fibrosis in the progression of NAFLD toward to NASH.