Social position and functional somatic disorders: The DanFunD study.

Background And Aim: It is generally accepted that functional somatic disorders (FSDs) are a product of biological, psychological, and social factors. Social position might be part of this complex, but the literature on this issue is currently heterogeneous and inconsistent. The aim of the present study was - in a population-based cohort - to test the hypothesis that lower social position would be associated with higher a risk of FSD.

Direct costs of hospital care of self-harm: A national register-based cohort study.

Objective: To estimate national direct hospital costs associated with treatment of self-harm and to analyse whether costs differ with respect to demographic and clinical characteristics.

Methods: A cohort design was applied to register data on all people living in Denmark (5.8 million inhabitants) from Jan 1, 2012 to Dec 31, 2016.

Substance-induced psychosis as a risk factor for unipolar depression or anxiety disorders-A nationwide register-based prospective cohort study.

Background: Substance-induced psychosis has previously been linked to increased incidence of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We aimed to investigate if substance-induced psychosis is associated with increased risk of depression or anxiety.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide prospective register-based cohort study from 1994 to 2017, including all individuals with substance-induced psychosis, and age-and-sex matched controls without substance-induced psychosis.

Cannabis-based medicines and medical cannabis for patients with neuropathic pain and other pain disorders: Nationwide register-based pharmacoepidemiologic comparison with propensity score matched controls.

Background: Neuropathic pain and other pain disorders have received attention as potential indications for use of cannabis-based medicines or medical cannabis (CBM/MC). Evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of CBM/MC for pain disorders is, however, insufficient. Denmark introduced a pilot programme of medical cannabis in January 2018.

Digital Shared Decision-Making Interventions in Mental Healthcare: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Shared decision-making (SDM) in mental healthcare has received increased attention as a process to reinforce person-centered care. With the rapid development of digital health technology, researchers investigate how digital interventions may be utilized to support SDM. Despite the promise of digital interventions to support SDM, the effect of these in mental healthcare has not been evaluated before.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation for auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Through imaging studies, a significant increase in cerebral activity has been detected in fronto-temporal areas in patients experiencing auditory verbal hallucinations. Therefore, non-invasive neuromodulation, in particular transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), has been considered as a therapeutic intervention for medication-resistant auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia. We aimed to synthesize results from randomized trials on either rTMS or tDCS versus placebo in patients with schizophrenia by including five recently published trials in the field.

Treatment of difficult-to-treat depression - clinical guideline for selected interventions.

Background: Difficult-to-treat-depression (DTD) is a clinical challenge. The interventions that are well-established for DTD are not suitable or effective for all the patients. Therefore, more treatment options are highly warranted.

Medical cannabis and cannabis-based medicine show both potential efficacy and potential harms: Cross-sectional comparison with controls on self-rated and interviewer-rated outcomes within the Danish pilot program on medical cannabis.

Background And Purpose: Denmark launched a pilot program of medical cannabis in January 2018. The aim was to establish whether medical cannabis and cannabis-based medicine (MC/CBM) were superior and safe compared to conventional treatment, regardless of the indications for which people received such medication.

Materials And Methods: People (cases) were identified who had redeemed at least one prescription of MC/CBM according to the nationwide, unselected Danish registers.

Reversibility of Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: Weight gain is a major adverse effect of antipsychotic medication, negatively affecting physical and mental well-being. The objective of this study was to explore if dose reduction, discontinuation, switch to a partial agonist, or switch from polypharmacy to monotherapy will lead to weight loss.

Methods: Controlled and uncontrolled studies reporting the effects of discontinuation, dose reduction, switch to a partial agonist, or switch from polypharmacy to monotherapy on weight were included.

Cerebrospinal fluid test results and associations with subsequent mental disorders, neurological diseases, and CNS infections: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune alterations have been associated with mental disorders, neurological disease, and CNS infections; however, comprehensive large-scale longitudinal CSF studies are lacking.

Methods: By using the Clinical Laboratory Information System (LABKA) Research Database in the Central Denmark Region (1994-2012), we included 15,030 individuals tested for CSF WBC, CSF/serum albumin ratio, IgG index, total protein, albumin, or IgG with follow-up for the risk of mental disorders, psychotropic prescriptions, neurological diseases, or CNS infections, estimated by Cox regression.

Results: Among individuals receiving a mental disorder diagnosis (N = 1,147) after a CSF test, 30·0% had an abnormal CSF test result, while for those with a neurological disease (N = 3,201), 39·9% had abnormal test results, and among individuals with CNS infections (N = 1,276), 73·0% had abnormal test results.

Incidence rates and employment trends in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar affective disorders and recurrent depression in the years 2000-2013: a Danish nationwide register-based study.

Aims: The study aimed to investigate time trends in incidence rates in schizophrenic spectrum disorders (ICD-10: F20-F29), bipolar affective disorder (ICD-10: F30, F31), and recurrent depression (ICD-10: F33) and to investigate the rates of employment for all incident cases.

Method: We used nationwide longitudinal data from 2000 to 2013 on all psychiatric inpatients and outpatients contacts in Denmark. Age-adjusted incidence rate ratios were calculated for the three diagnostic groups, and rates of employment, education, and disability pension were measured 1 year before and 2 years after the diagnosis for all the incident cases.

The Danish OPUS Early Intervention Services for First-Episode Psychosis: A Phase 4 Prospective Cohort Study With Comparison of Randomized Trial and Real-World Data.

Objective: The Danish OPUS trial showed significant efficacy of early intervention services for first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders compared with standard treatment, leading to implementation of the OPUS intervention in clinical practice. The authors sought to determine whether the effectiveness of OPUS treatment in real-world clinical practice is comparable to the efficacy seen in the trial.

Methods: The study compared patients who received OPUS treatment as part of the original randomized trial to those who received standard treatment in the trial (the control group) and those who received OPUS treatment after it was implemented in Denmark.

Development Over Time of the Population-Attributable Risk Fraction for Cannabis Use Disorder in Schizophrenia in Denmark.

Importance: Cannabis use and potency of cannabis have increased during the past 2 decades. If the association between cannabis use and schizophrenia is causal, this should be reflected in an increase in the proportion of cases of schizophrenia being attributable to cannabis, the population-attributable risk fraction (PARF).

Objective: To determine whether the PARF for cannabis use disorder in schizophrenia has increased over time.

Developing Interpersonal Trust Between Service Users and Professionals in Integrated Services: Compensating for Latent Distrust, Vulnerabilities and Uncertainty Shaped by Organisational Context.

Introduction: Studies show a need for trust between stakeholders in integrated services. However, few studies have investigated how trust develops between stakeholders on a micro-level. In a Danish intersectoral intervention for persons on sick leave due to common mental disorders, we explored why trust is needed and how trust is developed between micro-level stakeholders.

Vagotomy and the risk of mental disorders: A nationwide population-based study.

Objective: To investigate vagotomy, the severance of the vagus nerve, and its association with mental disorders, as gut-brain communication partly mediated by the vagus nerve have been suggested as a risk factor.

Methods: Nationwide population-based Danish register study of all individuals alive and living in Denmark during the study period 1977-2016 and who had a hospital contact for ulcer with or without vagotomy. Follow-up was until any diagnosis of mental disorders requiring hospital contact, emigration, death, or end of follow-up on December 31, 2016, whichever came first.

Mortality in substance-induced psychosis: a register-based national cohort study.

Aims: We aimed to analyze whether people with substance-induced psychosis (SIP), both those who convert and do not convert to schizophrenia, have higher all-cause and cause-specific mortality when compared to the general population.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Nationwide Danish registers.

Predictors of work and education among people with severe mental illness who participated in the Danish individual placement and support study: findings from a randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: People with severe mental illness experience disproportionately high rates of unemployment. Nonetheless, a substantial amount of research has demonstrated vocational benefits of the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) model and IPS supplemented with cognitive remediation (IPSE). The present study sought to examine demographic and clinical predictors of employment or education among people with severe mental illness and to investigate if IPS or IPSE can compensate for risk factors for unemployment.

Post-error adjustment among children aged 7 years with a familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A population-based cohort study.

The cognitive control system matures gradually with age and shows age-related sex differences. To gain knowledge concerning error adaptation in familial high-risk groups, investigating error adaptation among the offspring of parents with severe mental disorders is important and may contribute to the understanding of cognitive functioning in at-risk individuals. We identified an observational cohort through Danish registries and measured error adaptation using an Eriksen flanker paradigm.

The effect of sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors on mortality and heart failure in randomized trials versus observational studies.

Aim: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) allocating type 2 diabetes patients to treatment with sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors or placebo have found significant effects on the risk of heart failure and modest effects on mortality. In the wake of the first trials, a number of observational studies have been conducted, some of these reporting a mortality reduction of 50% compared to active comparators. In this review, we systematically assess and compare the results on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and heart failure hospitalization observed in RCTs with the results obtained in observational studies.

A Qualitative Study on the Implementation of Flexible Assertive Community Treatment - an Integrated Community-based Treatment Model for Patients with Severe Mental Illness.

Introduction: Flexible Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) is a model of integrated care aiming to increase continuity of care for individuals with severe mental illness. FACT teams have been implemented in many countries by merging Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) and standard care from Community Mental Health teams (CMHTs). However, there has been little research on how practitioners experienced the fusion of these teams.

Development of visual attention from age 7 to age 12 in children with familial high risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Background: Children with familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) or bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) are at increased risk of developing similar disorders and show cognitive deficits during childhood. The aim of this paper is to investigate visual attention and its developmental trajectories in children with FHR-SZ and with FHR-BP to increase our knowledge about potential cognitive endophenotypes of these two disorders.

Methods: We compared the performance of 89 children with FHR-SZ (N = 32), FHR-BP (N = 22), and population-based controls (PBC, N = 35) at age 7 to that at age 12 as well as including 133 12-year-old children with FHR-SZ (N = 50), FHR-BP (N = 43) and PBC (N = 40) to investigate visual attention, as part of the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study.

Generalized neurocognitive impairment in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis: The possible key role of slowed processing speed.

Objective: Widespread neurocognitive impairment is well-established in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for developing psychoses, but it is unknown whether slowed processing speed may underlie impairment in other neurocognitive domains, as found in schizophrenia. The study delineated domain functioning in a UHR sample and examined if neurocognitive slowing might account for deficits across domains.

Methods: The cross-sectional study included 50 UHR individuals with no (n = 38) or minimal antipsychotic exposure (n = 12; mean lifetime dose of haloperidol equivalent = 17.

Identification of genetic loci associated with nocturnal enuresis: a genome-wide association study.

Background: Nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) is a common disorder affecting 10-16% of 7-year-old children globally. Nocturnal enuresis is highly heritable, but its genetic determinants remain unknown. We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with nocturnal enuresis and explore its genetic architecture and underlying biology.

Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness of individual placement support and cognitive remediation in people with severe mental illness: Results from a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Administrators and policymakers are increasingly interested in individual placement and support (IPS) as a way of helping people with severe mental illness (SMI) obtain employment or education. It is thus important to investigate the cost-effectiveness to secure that resources are being used properly.

Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 720 people diagnosed with SMI were allocated into three groups; (a) IPS, (b) IPS supplemented with cognitive remediation a social skills training (IPSE), and (c) Service as usual (SAU).