Developing Topics.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy requires timely and accurate diagnosis for prompt drug intervention, emphasizing the need for a more accessible biomarker screening test. Previous studies identified higher expression of oligomeric Aβ in AD patients, however, the quantitative measurements of nasal Aβ42 levels of the full AD continuum remain unknown.

Method: We collected nasal discharge samples from 161 subjects who underwent neuropsychological battery tests and amyloid-PET and nasal Aβ42 levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Astrocytic inhibition of lateral septal neurons promotes diverse stress responses.

Inhibitory neuronal circuits within the lateral septum (LS) play a key role in regulating mood and stress responses. Even though glial cells can modulate these circuits, the impact of astrocytes on LS neural circuits and their functional interactions remains largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that astrocytes exhibit increased intracellular Ca²⁺ levels in response to aversive sensory and social stimuli in both male and female mice.

The Impact of Odor Category Similarity on Multimedia Experience.

Although we have multiple senses, multimedia mainly targets vision and olfaction. To expand the senses impacted by multimedia, olfactory stimulation has been used to enhance the sense of reality. Odors are primarily matched with objects in scenes.

Bidirectional Control of Emotional Behaviors by Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons in the Orbitofrontal Cortex.

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a crucial role in mood disorders; however, its specific role in the emotional behaviors of mice remains unclear. This study investigates the bidirectional control of emotional behaviors using population calcium dynamics and optogenetic manipulation of OFC neurons. Fiber photometry of OFC neurons revealed that OFC excitatory neurons consistently responded to the onset and offset of aversive conditions, showing decreased activation in response to anxiogenic and stressful stimuli, including tail suspension, restraint stress, and exposure to the center of the open field.

Conserved pattern-based classification of human odorant receptor multigene family.

Conserved protein-coding sequences are critical for maintaining protein function across species. Odorant receptors (ORs), a large poorly understood multigene family responsible for odor detection, lack comprehensive classification methods that reflect their functional diversity. In this study, we propose a new approach called conserved motif-based classification (CMC) for classifying ORs based on amino acid sequence similarities within conserved motifs.

Social context modulates multibrain broadband dynamics and functional brain-to-brain coupling in the group of mice.

Although mice are social, multiple animals' neural activities are rarely explored. To characterise the neural activities during multi-brain interaction, we simultaneously recorded local field potentials (LFP) in the prefrontal cortex of four mice. The social context and locomotive states predominately modulated the entire LFP structure.

Sensory Stimulation-dependent Npas4 Expression in the Olfactory Bulb during Early Postnatal Development.

The development of the olfactory system is influenced by sensory inputs, and it maintains neuronal generation and plasticity throughout the lifespan. The olfactory bulb contains a higher proportion of interneurons than other brain regions, particularly during the early postnatal period of neurogenesis. Although the relationship between sensory stimulation and olfactory bulb development during the postnatal period has been well studied, the molecular mechanisms have yet to be identified.

Baf-mediated transcriptional regulation of teashirt is essential for the development of neural progenitor cell lineages.

Accumulating evidence hints heterochromatin anchoring to the inner nuclear membrane as an upstream regulatory process of gene expression. Given that the formation of neural progenitor cell lineages and the subsequent maintenance of postmitotic neuronal cell identity critically rely on transcriptional regulation, it seems possible that the development of neuronal cells is influenced by cell type-specific and/or context-dependent programmed regulation of heterochromatin anchoring. Here, we explored this possibility by genetically disrupting the evolutionarily conserved barrier-to-autointegration factor (Baf) in the Drosophila nervous system.

Laser-Induced and MOF-Derived Metal Oxide/Carbon Composite for Synergistically Improved Ethanol Sensing at Room temperature.

Advancements in sensor technology have significantly enhanced atmospheric monitoring. Notably, metal oxide and carbon (MO/C) hybrids have gained attention for their exceptional sensitivity and room-temperature sensing performance. However, previous methods of synthesizing MO/C composites suffer from problems, including inhomogeneity, aggregation, and challenges in micropatterning.

Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase 4 regulates neurite morphogenesis during neurodevelopment.

Neuritogenesis is crucial for establishing proper neuronal connections during brain development; its failure causes neurodevelopmental defects. Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes participate in various neurodevelopmental processes by regulating protein stability. We demonstrated the regulatory function of Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase 4 (CRL4) in neurite morphogenesis during early neurodevelopment.

Core clock gene, , is required for optimal second-level interval production.

Perception and production of second-level temporal intervals are critical in several behavioral and cognitive processes, including adaptive anticipation, motor control, and social communication. These processes are impaired in several neurological and psychological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Although evidence indicates that second-level interval timing exhibit circadian patterns, it remains unclear whether the core clock machinery controls the circadian pattern of interval timing.

Impact of the circadian nuclear receptor REV-ERBα in dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons on social interaction behavior, especially social preference.

Social interaction among conspecifics is essential for maintaining adaptive, cooperative, and social behaviors, along with survival among mammals. The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neuronal system is an important neurotransmitter system for regulating social behaviors; however, the circadian role of 5-HT in social interaction behaviors is unclear. To investigate whether the circadian nuclear receptor REV-ERBα, a transcriptional repressor of the rate-limiting enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) gene in 5-HT biosynthesis, may affect social interaction behaviors, we generated a conditional knockout (cKO) mouse by targeting Rev-Erbα in dorsal raphe (DR) 5-HT neurons (5-HT-specific REV-ERBα cKO) using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system and assayed social behaviors, including social preference and social recognition, with a three-chamber social interaction test at two circadian time (CT) points, i.

Semiconducting MOFs on ultraviolet laser-induced graphene with a hierarchical pore architecture for NO monitoring.

Due to rapid urbanization worldwide, monitoring the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO), which causes cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, has attracted considerable attention. Developing real-time sensors to detect parts-per-billion (ppb)-level NO remains challenging due to limited sensitivity, response, and recovery characteristics. Herein, we report a hybrid structure of CuHHTP, 2D semiconducting metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and laser-induced graphene (LIG) for high-performance NO sensing.

Non-Invasive Nasal Discharge Fluid and Other Body Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease.

The key to current Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy is the early diagnosis for prompt intervention, since available treatments only slow the disease progression. Therefore, this lack of promising therapies has called for diagnostic screening tests to identify those likely to develop full-blown AD. Recent AD diagnosis guidelines incorporated core biomarker analyses into criteria, including amyloid-β (Aβ), total-tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau (P-tau).

Channel Scaling Dependent Photoresponse of Copper-Based Flexible Photodetectors Fabricated Using Laser-Induced Oxidation.

Copper (Cu) oxide compounds (CuO), which include cupric (CuO) and cuprous (CuO) oxide, have been recognized as a promising -channel material with useful photovoltaic properties and superior thermal conductivity. Typically, deposition methods or thermal oxidation can be used to obtain CuO. However, these processes are difficult to apply to flexible substrates because plastics have a comparatively low glass transition temperature.

Effectiveness of a Mobile Wellness Program for Nurses with Rotating Shifts during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Cluster-Randomized Trial.

Nurses with rotating shifts, including night shifts, have suffered from low physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic and lower sleep quality due to the disruption of their circadian rhythm. This study aimed to develop and examine the effectiveness of a mobile wellness program on daily steps, sleep quality, exercise self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation for exercise, self-rated fatigue, and wellness. A cluster randomized controlled trial design was used to examine the effectiveness of the mobile wellness program for nurses with rotating shifts.

Second-generation non-hematopoietic erythropoietin-derived peptide for neuroprotection.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a well-known erythropoietic cytokine having a tissue-protective effect in various tissues against hypoxic stress, including the brain. Thus, its recombinants may function as neuroprotective compounds. However, despite considerable neuroprotective effects, the EPO-based therapeutic approach has side effects, including hyper-erythropoietic and tumorigenic effects.

Time Course of Odor Categorization Processing.

The brain's mechanisms for categorizing different odors have long been a research focus. Previous studies suggest that odor categorization may involve multiple neurological processes within the brain with temporal and spatial neuronal activation. However, there is limited evidence regarding temporally mediated mechanisms in humans, especially millisecond odor processing.

Severe histomorphological alterations in post-mortem olfactory glomeruli in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. Key AD symptoms include memory and cognitive decline; however, comorbid symptoms such as depression and sensory-perceptual dysfunction are often reported. Among these, a deterioration of olfactory sensation is observed in approximately 90% of AD patients.