C-H Activation and Sequential Addition to Dienes and Imines: Synthesis of Amines with -Quaternary Centers and Mechanistic Studies on the Complex Interplay Between the Catalyst and Three Reactants.

A Rh(III)-catalyzed sequential C-H bond addition to dienes and in situ formed aldimines was developed, allowing for the preparation of otherwise challenging to access amines with quaternary centers at the -position. A broad range of dienes were effective inputs and installed a variety of aryl and alkyl substituents at the quaternary carbon site. Aryl and alkyl sulfonamide and carbamate nitrogen substituents were incorporated by using different formaldimine precursors.

Enhanced Cycle Performance of Rechargeable Li-CO Batteries Using Nanostructured AMnO (A = Ni, Zn, Co) Electrocatalysts.

Rechargeable Li-CO batteries face challenges of sluggish reaction kinetics and poor rechargeability. Highly efficient electrocatalysts are urgently needed to decompose the discharge product, LiCO. Mn-based transition metal oxides are regarded as promising candidates for improving the cycle performance and reaction kinetics of Li-CO batteries.

Past glories feel good but creative minorities push us forward.

Historical narratives can satisfy basic individual psychological needs. However, an over-reliance on a group's past can marginalize those who think differently - thus, homogenizing the culture and stifling creativity. By revising narratives to balance the power of collective narratives with the richness of individuality, we foster groups that encourage varied identities.

Sodium channels in non-excitable cells: powerful actions and therapeutic targets beyond Hodgkin and Huxley.

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are best known for their role in the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons, muscle cells, and cardiac myocytes, which have traditionally been labeled as 'excitable'. However, emerging evidence challenges this traditional perspective. It is now clear that VGSCs are also expressed in a broad spectrum of cells outside the neuromuscular realm, where they regulate diverse cellular functions.

Examining the Alignment of Pharmacists' Daily Tasks, Employer-advertised Skills, and the Entrustable Professional Activities.

Objective: To understand alignment of pharmacist jobs' daily tasks, employer-advertised skills, and pharmacy education of entrustable professional activities (EPAs).

Methods: The study team compiled the top 20 tasks pharmacists reported performing at least daily from the Occupational Information Network survey (2022), the top 50 employer-advertised skills from 89,819 pharmacist job postings in 2022 from Lightcast and the 13 EPAs from accreditation standards that define a practice-ready pharmacist. Two experienced faculty and licensed pharmacists mapped employer-advertised skills, each task performed at least daily, and the EPAs.

Assessing the Alignment Between Pharmacists' Reported Tasks and Employer-Advertised Skills.

Objective: This study examined the alignment between and changes within the tasks performed by pharmacists and skills sought by pharmacist employers from 2012 to 2022.

Methods: The United States Department of Labor's Occupational Information Network (O*NET) surveys a random sample of employees in targeted occupations every 5 years and provides a publicly available database allowing exploration of the frequency with which essential tasks are performed and perceived relevance and importance. Lightcast (formerly Burning Glass) provides labor market analytics of job advertisements; cross-sectional and longitudinal data can be filtered according to occupation, industry, location, and area of specialty.

Configuration of electrical synapses filters sensory information to drive behavioral choices.

Synaptic configurations underpin how the nervous system processes sensory information to produce a behavioral response. This is best understood for chemical synapses, and we know far less about how electrical synaptic configurations modulate sensory information processing and context-specific behaviors. We discovered that innexin 1 (INX-1), a gap junction protein that forms electrical synapses, is required to deploy context-specific behavioral strategies underlying thermotaxis behavior in C.

Unearthing the secrets of Australia's most enigmatic and cryptic mammal, the marsupial mole.

The marsupial moles are arguably Australia's most enigmatic marsupials. Almost indistinguishable from placental (eutherian) moles, they provide a striking example of convergent evolution. Exploring the genome of the southern marsupial mole, we provide insights into its unusual biology.

Screening of Breast among Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Nepal.

Background: Breast cancer ranks as the second most prevalent malignancy among women in Nepal. This cancer has a high likelihood of cure, if detected early. Therefore, it is imperative to emphasize awareness and screening for breast cancer in Nepal.

The Spirit of Human Rights: Universal Health Coverage in Makueni County, Kenya.

In view of the United Nations' goal to achieve universal health coverage (UHC) by 2030, this paper investigates MakueniCare, the highly successful UHC program in Makueni County, Kenya, to reveal the spirit of human rights underlying it. Drawing on international, Kenyan, and Makueni County law and policy, as well as 30 interviews with government and civil society leaders in health care policy and programming at the national and county levels, we examine the human rights law and principles that underlie the adoption and implementation of MakueniCare. We first set out key human rights principles grounded in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the 2010 Kenyan Constitution, and then describe the research design and methodology of the project.

Patient Insights on Integrating Sleep Apnea Testing into Routine Stroke and TIA Care.

AHA/ASA guidelines recommend patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) be considered for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) evaluation, given the high prevalence of OSA and improved outcomes for cerebrovascular disease when OSA is treated. However, OSA testing has not been incorporated into routine cerebrovascular management. We interviewed 30 patients hospitalized for acute stroke/TIA at six Veterans Affairs facilities participating in a stepped-wedge implementation trial to improve timely OSA testing after stroke/TIA.

Congenital urinary tract anomalies are a variable finding associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.

Introduction: Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder classically associated with multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts and skeletal anomalies. However, its significant phenotypic heterogeneity often delays the diagnosis. Here, we undertake the first comprehensive characterisation of NBCCS and congenital urinary tract anomalies.

The Perceived Impact of Global Surgery Engagement on Career Advancement among US Medical Students.

Introduction: There is growing interest among medical institutions to formalize global surgery training. Understanding medical students' perceptions of how global surgery engagement can enhance career advancement is essential for providing appropriate guidance and support for individuals with aspirations in academic global surgery.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey study of US-based medical students from 38 participating schools was performed.

Contributing Factors to the Rise in Adolescent Anxiety and Associated Mental Health Disorders: A Narrative Review of Current Literature.

Background: The prevalence of anxiety among adolescents has seen a notable increase in recent years, becoming a significant public health concern. In fact, anxiety is substantially more prevalent in Generation Z (individuals born between 1997 and 2012) than in any of the past three generations. We aimed to examine what factors contribute to the increased prevalence in teen anxiety and identify points of intervention.

Prediction of neonatal survival among Pacific Islander preterm births in the US.

Objective: Predicting neonatal survival is essential for targeting interventions to reduce neonatal mortality. Pacific Islanders have been underrepresented in existing prediction tools and have unique, maternal obesity-related risk factors for both preterm birth and neonatal mortality. Using neonatal sex, birth weight, and gestational age, we developed a graphical tool for neonatal survival among Pacific Islander singletons in the United States.

Habitat suitability modeling and conservation status of Salvadora oleoides and Tamarix aphylla in tropical thorn forest.

The habitat suitability of Salvadora oleoides and Tamarix aphylla can be one of the most significant steps towards conserving these tree species. Habitat loss presents a critical threat to the existence of S. oleoides and T.

US mortality trends from alcohol-associated hepatitis by sex, age, race, and ethnicity, 1999-2020.

Background: Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is a subtype of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) resulting in severe acute liver inflammation. This study aims to examine longitudinal trends in mortality from AH in the United States (US) from 1999 to 2020, stratifying the data by sex, age, and racial/ethnic groups.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) to determine annual AH-related mortality rates (MR) in adults ≥21 years between 1999 and 2020.

Factors Associated with Housing Stability Among Individuals with Co-Occurring Serious Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders Receiving Assertive Community Treatment Services.

Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) is a community-based, multidisciplinary mental health treatment model with improved housing stability as a treatment goal. We know little about factors contributing to housing stability among ACT participants with co-occurring serious mental illness and substance use disorders, who account for 30% of the ACT participant population. Informed by the behavioral model of health service use, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between housing stability and theoretically relevant factors.

Description and phylogenetic implications of a de novo mitochondrial genome of Rhinichthys atratulus (Teleostei: Leuciscidae) from Connecticut.

We present a de novo mitogenome assembly from a specimen of Rhinichthys atratulus, the Eastern Blacknose Dace, collected in the Connecticut River drainage. R. atratulus is a fish species widely distributed across Atlantic slope drainages from Nova Scotia, Canada to the Roanoke River Drainage, Virginia, United States.

Biophysical effects of croplands on land surface temperature.

Converting natural vegetation to croplands alters the local land surface energy budget. Here, we use two decades of satellite data and a physics-based framework to analyse the biophysical mechanisms by which croplands influence daily mean land surface temperature (LST). Globally, 60% of croplands exhibit an annual warming effect, while 40% have a cooling effect compared to their surrounding natural ecosystems.