Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in neonates associated with pneumothorax: Case report.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that was spread worldwide since 2019 and showed a highly contagious character affecting the lifestyle of people worldwide causing symptoms that are not limited to the respiratory system only but had multi-systemic effects that may progress to severe complications that roughly affect people's health. A newly recognized SARS-CoV-2-associated syndrome called pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome has been described worldwide. Initially, it was reported as hyper-inflammatory shock and "Kawasaki-like" symptoms with fever and conjunctivitis, a similar syndrome is also reported in neonates and called Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome of neonates (MIS-N).

Trachoma-associated morbidity and mortality in Brazil: an ecological study focusing on hospitalization and mortality data, 2000-2022.

Background: Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. It is a neglected tropical disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. The objective of this study was to analyze the trachoma-associated morbidity and mortality in Brazil from 2000 to 2022.

Seroprevalence of canid alphaherpesvirus-1 and associated risk factors in domestic dogs in North Queensland, Australia.

Canid alphaherpesvirus-1 (CaHV-1) may cause a highly fatal haemorrhagic disease in neonatal pups and is associated with reproductive, respiratory and ocular disease in older dogs. Although assumed to have a world-wide distribution, there have been few reports of CaHV-1 in Australia. The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of CaHV-1 in household dogs in a residential suburb in Townsville, as well as in dogs attending two dog shows in the region.

Overview of anaerobic infections in children and their treatment.

Anaerobic bacteria can cause many infections in children. Because they predominant in the normal human skin and mucous membranes bacterial flora, they are often associated with bacterial infections that originate from these sites. They are difficult to isolate from infectious sites, and are frequently missed.

Photographic grading to evaluate facial cleanliness and trachoma among children in Amhara region, Ethiopia.

Background: Promotion of facial cleanliness is recommended for the elimination of blinding trachoma, largely because of observational studies that have found an association between various measures of facial uncleanliness and trachoma. However, when a field grader assesses both facial cleanliness and trachoma, associations may be biased. Assessment of photographs of the face and conjunctiva by masked graders may provide a less biased estimate of the relationship between facial cleanliness and trachoma.

Establishment of droplet digital PCR for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Background: Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae in adults usually leads to vaginitis and acute urethritis, and infection through the birth canal in newborns can lead to acute neonatal conjunctivitis. In view of certain factors such as a high missed detection rate of N.gonorrhoeae from staining microscopy method, the time-consuming nature and limited sensitivity of bacterial culture method, complicated and inability of absolute quantification from the ordinary PCR method.

Plasma polyamines during pregnancy and their relationships with maternal allergies and the immune response of the neonates.

Background: Some studies have reported that polyamine levels may influence immune system programming. The aim of this study was to evaluate the polyamine profile during gestation and its associations with maternal allergy and cytokine production in cord blood cells in response to different allergenic stimuli.

Methods: Polyamines were determined in plasma of pregnant women (24 weeks, N = 674) and in umbilical cord samples (N = 353 vein and N = 160 artery) from the Mediterranean NELA birth cohort.

Can we use azithromycin eye drops for gonococcal ophthalmia prophylaxis in the United States?

Introduction: Neonatal ocular prophylaxis with 0.5% erythromycin ophthalmic ointment is mandated by law in many U.S.

Intersociety Position Statement on the Prevention of Ophthalmia Neonatorum in Italy.

There is currently no worldwide agreement on the real need to administer conjunctival antibiotics to neonates at birth to prevent neonatal conjunctivitis (usually defined as ophthalmia neonatorum) by and . Therefore, there is wide variability in antibiotic administration, conditioned mainly by the social and health context. In Italy, a law enacted in 1940 required doctors and midwives to administer ophthalmic prophylaxis with 2% silver nitrate to all newborns at birth.

A case-control study for comorbidity and laboratory factors associated with food-induced anaphylaxis.

Food-induced anaphylaxis (FIA) is a serious and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction triggered by food allergens. This case-control study aimed to investigate comorbidities and laboratory factors associated with FIA in the pediatric population of Israel. Retrospective data from the electronic health records of Leumit Health Care Services were used to identify 711 pediatric patients with FIA and 2560 subjects with food allergy and without anaphylaxis matched for age, gender, and ethnicity.

The changing clinical presentation of COVID-19 in children during the course of the pandemic.

Aim: To investigate the evolution of clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in children throughout the pandemic.

Methods: In this national prospective surveillance study, symptoms in children hospitalised with COVID-19 were collected from all paediatric hospitals in Switzerland between March 2020 and March 2023. Data was analysed across four time periods, according to the predominantly circulating SARS-CoV-2 variant: T1 (wild-type), T2 (Alpha), T3 (Delta) and T4 (Omicron), as well as by age group.

Preterm infants with positive conjunctival swab culture: risk factors and association with late-onset sepsis-a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Purulent conjunctival discharge in hospitalized preterm infants may indicate conjunctivitis and warrant treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between positive conjunctival swab (CS) culture and late-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the relationship between positive CS culture growth results (CSP) obtained in preterm infants ≤34 weeks' gestation and the development of LOS within 120 h of obtaining CS compared with those who had negative CS culture results (CSN).