Molecular evolution of coxsackievirus A24v in Cuba over 23-years, 1986-2009.

Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v) is a major causative agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks worldwide, yet the evolutionary and transmission dynamics of the virus remain unclear. To address this, we analyzed and compared the 3C and partial VP1 gene regions of CVA24v isolates obtained from five outbreaks in Cuba between 1986 and 2009 and strains isolated worldwide. Here we show that Cuban strains were homologous to those isolated in Africa, the Americas and Asia during the same time period.

Kawasaki disease with a concomitant primary Epstein - Barr virus infection.

Background: Kwasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in most developed countries. The cause of KD remains unknown. The presumed theory is that KD occurs due to one or more infectious agents who evoke an abnormal immunological response in susceptible individuals.

Community-based surveillance advances the Global Health Security Agenda in Ghana.

Ghana Health Service (GHS) has strengthened community-based surveillance (CBS) to facilitate early detection and rapid reporting of health events of all origins. Since June 2017, GHS has employed an event-based surveillance approach at the community level in a phased manner. CBS coverage has broadened from 2 to 30 districts across Ghana.

Ocular findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in an outbreak hospital.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the ocular findings observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and to present the relationship between ocular involvement, systemic findings, and laboratory results.

Material And Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out between 1 May and 30 June 2020. The study included 359 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and assessed by clinical evaluation, nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction, and lung computed tomography.

Conjunctivitis as sole symptom of COVID-19: A case report and review of literature.

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus causing an ongoing pandemic in 2020. Although the symptomatic patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 generally show respiratory distress, atypical manifestations such as conjunctivitis are also observed. A series of cases are reported in which reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing on tears had demonstrated the presence of the virus.

An Observational Study of Human Leptospirosis in Seychelles.

A 1-year population-based prospective study was launched in Seychelles, a country with one of the highest human incidence of leptospirosis worldwide, to describe the characteristic features of the epidemiology of the disease and highlight the most prominent risk factors. Diagnosis was based on the IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, microscopic agglutination test, and real-time PCR. A standardized questionnaire was administered to 219 patients aged ≥ 13 years consulting for acute febrile illness.

Build Your Own Eye: A Method for Teaching Ocular Anatomy and Pathophysiology.

Audience: Residents and medical students.

Introduction: The eye is a critical, but often neglected, part of medical learning. This team-based learning (TBL) module was developed for emergency medicine residents and medical students; however, is applicable to any learner who should know basic eye anatomy and pathology.

Ocular involvement in a patient with Sweet syndrome: report of a case and review of the literature.

The case presented is a 66-year-old woman who attended the emergency department due to skin lesions on the limbs, facial oedema, and eye redness accompanied by haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. The symptoms resolved after one week of systemic steroid treatment. Skin biopsy confirmed Sweet syndrome.

Epidemiological Characteristics and Spatiotemporal Analysis of Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis from 2004 to 2018 in Chongqing, China.

Chongqing is one of the five provinces in China that has the highest incidence of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC). Data of AHC cases from 2004 to 2018 were obtained from National Notifiable Diseases Reporting Information System (NNDRIS). Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics; incidence maps were used to reflect incidence trends in each district; spatial autocorrelation was used to identify hotspot regions and spatiotemporal patterns of AHC outbreaks; spatiotemporal scan were conducted to identify AHC clusters.

Ocular Manifestations of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): A Critical Review of Current Literature.

The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in China in the city of Wuhan in December of 2019 and since then more than 5,000,000 people have been infected, with approximately 338,000 deaths worldwide. The virus causes the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is characterized by fever, myalgia and cough, with severe acute respiratory syndrome being the most fearsome complication. Nevertheless, the vast majority of cases present mild symptoms or none.

Acute myocarditis and multisystem inflammatory emerging disease following SARS-CoV-2 infection in critically ill children.

Background: A recent increase in children admitted with hypotensive shock and fever in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak requires an urgent characterization and assessment of the involvement of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is a case series performed at 4 academic tertiary care centers in Paris of all the children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with shock, fever and suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection between April 15th and April 27th, 2020.

Results: 20 critically ill children admitted for shock had an acute myocarditis (left ventricular ejection fraction, 35% (25-55); troponin, 269 ng/mL (31-4607)), and arterial hypotension with mainly vasoplegic clinical presentation.

SARS-CoV-2-Induced Kawasaki-Like Hyperinflammatory Syndrome: A Novel COVID Phenotype in Children.

We describe 2 children with persistent fever and profuse diarrhea who developed signs of mucocutaneous involvement (conjunctivitis, fissured lips, skin rash, erythema, and edema of the hands and feet). Blood tests revealed elevated markers of inflammation, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and complement consumption. Afterward, diffuse edema with hypoalbuminemia appeared in the context of a capillary leak syndrome.

Haemorrhagic conjunctivitis with pseudomembranous related to SARS-CoV-2.

Purpose: To describe the multiplicity of ocular manifestations of COVID-19 patients, we report a case of pseudomembranous and hemorrhagic conjunctivitis related with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in a patient of intensive care unit (ICU).

Observations: A 63-year-old male was admitted in intensive care unit (ICU), seven days after the beginning of an influenza-like symptoms, to manage an acute respiratory syndrome related with SARS-CoV-2. Chest scan showed interstitial pneumonia with "crazy paving" patterns.

Characteristics of Ocular Findings of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China.

Importance: While the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in more than 100 000 infected individuals in China and worldwide, there are few reports on the association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with ocular abnormalities. Understanding ocular manifestations of patients with COVID-19 by ophthalmologists and others may facilitate the diagnosis and prevention of transmission of the disease.

Objective: To investigate ocular manifestations and viral prevalence in the conjunctiva of patients with COVID-19.

Effects of Floods on the Incidence of Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis in Mengshan, China, from 2005 to 2012.

This study aimed to examine the association between floods and the morbidity of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) in Mengshan, China. Relying on the longitudinal data, a generalized additive model (GAM) was applied to quantify the relationship between the morbidity of AHC and floods from 2005 to 2012, controlling for other meteorological variables. Years lived with disability (YLDs) and attributable YLDs were used as the measure of the burden of AHC because of the floods.

Complete genome sequence of a coxsackievirus type A24 variant causing an outbreak of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in southeastern Mexico in 2017.

Cases of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) caused by a coxsackie virus A24 variant (CV-A24v) in Mexico have been reported since 1987; however, no molecular data on the causative strains have been available. Here, we report the identification of the etiological agent responsible for the most recent AHC outbreak in southeastern Mexico (at the end of 2017) as well as the complete genome sequences of seven isolates, using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Phylogenomic analysis of the CV-A24v sequences reported here showed similarity to contemporary strains causing AHC outbreaks in French Guiana and Uganda, forming a novel clade related to genotype IV.

Forecast of the trend in incidence of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in China from 2011-2019 using the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) and Exponential Smoothing (ETS) models.

Background: This study aimed to explore the demographic and distributive features of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC). We constructed seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and exponential smoothing (ETS) models to predict its trend in incidence in mainland China and provided evidence for the government to formulate policies regarding AHC prevention.

Methods: Data regarding the distribution and demographic characteristics of AHC in China from 2011-2016 were retrieved from the Public Health Scientific Data website.

Transmissibility of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in small-scale outbreaks in Hunan Province, China.

Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) outbreaks are reported frequently in China. However, the transmissibility of AHC remains unclear. This study aimed to calculate the transmissibility of the disease with and without interventions.

Relationship between ocular involvement and clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and coronary artery dilatation in Kawasaki disease.

Objectives: To assess the incidence of ocular manifestations of Kawasaki disease (KD) in children and to evaluate the relationship between ocular manifestations and the other clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and echocardiographic findings.

Methods: Complete ophthalmologic examination and echocardiography were performed in 36 patients with KD during the acute phase before starting the treatment. Clinical manifestations and laboratory data including white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were obtained from all the patients.

Adult Measles - Case Reports of a Highly Contagious Disease.

Background: Measles is highly contagious and is caused by the RNA morbillivirus. The best protection is active immunisation in early childhood. Without immunisation morbidity and mortality of measles are high.

Lessons of the month 2: A case of Behçet's disease: 70% have ophthalmic involvement.

A 34-year-old man presented to the emergency department with acute painless loss of vision of the left eye. Past medical history included painful lumps in the legs and frequent mouth ulcers, which were undiagnosed. The patient's visual acuity was 6/5 and counting fingers in the right and left eye, respectively.

Quantification of fecal adenovirus viral load and correlation with Vesikari Score in children with acute gastroenteritis.

Background: Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are an important cause of acute respiratory tract infections, conjunctivitis, hemorrhagic cystitis, and gastroenteritis. In addition to enteric serotypes 40 and 41, some serotypes belonging to subgroups A, B, and C have also been implicated to be etiological agents of gastroenteritis among infants and young children. The Vesikari Scoring System (VSS) is the severity scale that was originally developed to evaluate the effectiveness and efficacy of rotavirus vaccines on 20 points.

Immunoassay for serodiagnosis of Zika virus infection based on time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen causing a febrile illness with arthralgia, conjunctivitis and rash. The complications include Guillain-Barré syndrome, congenital brain and other abnormalities and miscarriage. The serodiagnosis of ZIKV infection is hampered by cross-reactivity with other members of the Flavivirus family, notably dengue (DENV).

A time-trend ecological study for identifying flood-sensitive infectious diseases in Guangxi, China from 2005 to 2012.

Background: Flood-related damage can be very severe and include health effects. Among those health impacts, infectious diseases still represent a significant public health problem in China. However, there have been few studies on the identification of the spectrum of infectious diseases associated with floods in one area.

Commercial Vaccines and Vaccination Strategies Against Infectious Laryngotracheitis: What We Have Learned and Knowledge Gaps That Remain.

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an upper respiratory disease of chickens, pheasants, and peafowl caused by the alphaherpesvirus (GaHV-1), commonly known as infectious laryngotracheitis virus. ILT is an acute respiratory disease characterized by clinical signs of conjunctivitis, nasal discharge, dyspnea, and lethargy. In severe forms of the disease, hemorrhagic tracheitis together with gasping, coughing, and expectoration of bloody mucus are common.