Apollo Rising: Acute Conjunctivitis Outbreak in India, 2022.

Purpose: To identify pathogens associated with the 2022 conjunctivitis outbreak in Tamil Nadu, India.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted in November of 2022. Patients with presumed acute infectious conjunctivitis presenting to the Aravind Eye Clinic in Madurai, India were eligible.

Case Report: Favorable outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in SARSCoV2 positive recipient, risk-benefit balance between infection and leukemia.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in SARS-CoV-2 positive candidates is usually delayed until the clinical resolution of the infection's symptoms and a negative nasopharyngeal molecular test. However, prolonged SARS-CoV-2 positivity has been frequently observed in haematological malignancies, thus representing a challenge for the timing of transplant procedures. Here, we report on the case of a 34-year-old patient with recent pauci-symptomatic COVID-19 undergoing transplant for high-risk acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia before achieving viral clearance.

Multicolored MIS-C, a single-centre cohort study.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and laboratory parameters that can predict the severity of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) at admission.

Methods: We conducted a single-center, partly retrospective, partly prospective, observational cohort study between November 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021, which included patients aged from 1 month to 19 years, meeting the diagnostic criteria of MIS-C. We categorized the patients into three subgroups based on clinical and laboratory markers and assessed the predictive value of these factors in terms of ICU administration and cardiac abnormalities.

A prospective long-term evaluation of the ocular findings of children followed with the diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (long-term evaluation of ocular findings following MIS-C).

Background/objectives: The most frequently reported ocular finding in the acute phase of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), is conjunctivitis. More rarely, punctuate epitheliopathy, anterior uveitis and optic disc oedema can be seen. We aimed to investigate the acute and long-term ocular effects of MIS-C.

Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome Associated with Coronavirus Infection: A Case Report.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes ocular manifestations in approximately 11% of patients. Most patients typically develop ocular symptoms within 30 days of the onset of the first COVID-19 symptoms. The most common ocular manifestation is conjunctivitis, which affects nearly 89% of patients with eye problems.

Optic neuropathies post-Covid 19 - review.

The Corona virus infection started at the end of 2019 in Wuhan - China and spread rapidly throughout the world, generating the Covid 19 pandemic. The manifestations of the Covid disease were extremely varied, from a simple flu, with fever, cough, weakness, headache, joint pain, up to severe pneumonia, with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-Cov2) and even death. The symptomatology of the disease, the evolution and the complications that appeared varied, depending on the associated pathology - diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), the age and the immune status of the patient.

A comparison review of Hehuan flowers and Hehuan bark on the traditional applications, phytochemistry and pharmacological effects.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Albizia julibrissin Durazz is a well-known medicinal plant with the Chinese name Hehuan []. Hehuan bark and Hehuan flowers have long been recognized as traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating anxiety, melancholy, insomnia, bruises, pulmonary abscess, fractures, carbuncle, amnesia, acute conjunctivitis, blurred vision, neonatal tetanus and stroke for thousands of years. They are recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia separately with different properties.

Enteroviruses: The role of receptors in viral pathogenesis.

Enteroviruses are among the most common viral infectious agents of humans and cause a broad spectrum of illness, which can range from mild and self-limiting to severe. Severe outcomes of enteroviral infections can include aseptic meningitis, bronchitis, acute liver failure, hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD), hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, or acute flaccid myelitis and other paralytic syndromes. Enteroviruses initiate their replicative life cycles by attaching to a broad range of cell surface receptors, which play direct roles in the clinical outcomes of enteroviral infections.

Evolutionary phylogeography reveals novel genotypes of coxsackievirus A24 variant and updates the spatiotemporal dynamics in the population with acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.

Objectives: The coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v) has raised a remarkable concern because of its main etiological role in acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to summarize CVA24v isolated from acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks and acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in Shandong province, China during 1988-2020. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic methods based on the VP1 coding region were used to determine the CVA24v origin, spatiotemporal dynamics, and evolution.

Outpatient human coronavirus associated conjunctivitis in India.

Background: Viral conjunctivitis (pink eye) can be highly contagious and is of public health importance. There remains significant debate whether SARS-CoV-2 can present as a primary conjunctivitis. The aim of this study was to identify pathogens associated with outpatient infectious conjunctivitis during the COVID-19 Delta surge.

A fatal case of viral sepsis and encephalitis in a child caused by human adenovirus type 7 infection.

Adenoviruses are highly prevalent pathogens responsible for a wide range of clinical diseases, including respiratory tract infection, acute gastroenteritis, and conjunctivitis. However, adenovirus infection is rarely associated with central nervous system involvement. Here, we report a fatal viral sepsis and encephalitis in a child caused by a human adenovirus type 7 infection.

Human Mastadenovirus Infections in Children: A Review of the Current Status in the Arab World in the Middle East and North Africa.

Human mastadenovirus (HAdV) is a non-enveloped icosahedral virus with double-stranded DNA genomes. The mortality rate of HAdV infections can reach 35.5%, while gastroenteritis HAdV infections, HAdV pneumonia, and disseminated disease tend to show a worse outcome, with rates ranging from 44.

Cytokine Profiling among Children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome versus Simple COVID-19 Infection: A Study from Northwest Saudi Arabia.

Background: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a novel syndrome associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with varying clinical features. This study aimed to analyze the expression profiles of cytokines in blood, report the important clinical characteristics, and correlate these with the short- and mid-term outcomes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on hospitalized children with MIS-C from March 2021 to May 2022.

Conjunctivitis as the important indicator of pediatric granulomatosis with polyangiitis.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis disease is a rare vasculitis characterized by granulomatous inflammation of respiratory tracts and glomerulonephritis along with vasculitis of other organs. In this study, a 14- year-old boy was referred from ophthalmology clinic to the pediatric rheumatology ward due to drug-resistant conjunctivitis. He had a history of chronic rhinorrhea and nighttime coughing, and he was diagnosed with allergic rhinitis.

Purtscher-like retinopathy in a patient with COVID-19-associated coagulopathy.

The most frequently reported ophthalmic manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is conjunctivitis. We have described a case of Purtscher-like retinopathy in a patient with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated coagulopathy. A young woman with multiple comorbidities was admitted for COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Structure of Human Enterovirus 70 and Its Inhibition by Capsid-Binding Compounds.

Enterovirus 70 (EV70) is a human pathogen belonging to the family . EV70 is transmitted by eye secretions and causes acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, a serious eye disease. Despite the severity of the disease caused by EV70, its structure is unknown.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Long COVID: The SARS-CoV-2 Viral Superantigen Hypothesis.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a febrile pediatric inflammatory disease that may develop weeks after initial SARS-CoV-2 infection or exposure. MIS-C involves systemic hyperinflammation and multiorgan involvement, including severe cardiovascular, gastrointestinal (GI) and neurological symptoms. Some clinical attributes of MIS-C-such as persistent fever, rashes, conjunctivitis and oral mucosa changes (red fissured lips and strawberry tongue)-overlap with features of Kawasaki disease (KD).

Detection of coronavirus in tear samples of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Purpose: To assess the presence of viral RNA in conjunctival secretions and tears of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients in terms of a possible ocular transmission route and also to examine whether a difference between the patients with and without ocular surface positivity existed.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of 70 consecutive patients who were hospitalized in Haseki Training and Research Hospital with SARS-CoV-2 from February 1 to April 1, 2021, was performed. Tears and conjunctival secretions were collected within 24 h of nasopharyngeal sample collection and examined for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Pathogenesis and Manifestations of Zika Virus-Associated Ocular Diseases.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is mosquito-borne flavivirus that caused a significant public health concern in French Polynesia and South America. The two major complications that gained the most media attention during the ZIKV outbreak were Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and microcephaly in newborn infants. The two modes of ZIKV transmission are the vector-borne and non-vector borne modes of transmission.

Roles of the ACE/Ang II/AT1R pathway, cytokine release, and alteration of tight junctions in COVID-19 pathogenesis.

This paper shows how SARS-CoV-2 alters tight junctions (TJs) in human organs. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the ACE/Ang II/AT1R pathway and immune cells culminates in the release of numerous pro-inflammatory mediators, leading to the presence of certain symptoms in COVID-19, such as acute lung injury (ALI), pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, the cytokines released alter different TJs components.

Epidemiological Investigation and Risk Factor Analysis of Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis in Huangshi Port District, Huangshi City.

Objective: This study is aimed at investigating the epidemiology and risk factors of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (pinkeye) in Huangshi Port District of Huangshi City.

Methods: A total of 593 cases of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the observation group. The epidemiological characteristics (age of onset, season, occupation, clinical manifestations, and etiological characteristics) were analyzed.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe abdominal syndrome: the Lviv "OHMATDYT" (Western Ukraine) experience.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) usually develops 1-1.5 months after mild or asymptomatic COVID-19 in countries with high incidence. MIS-C has a polymorphism of clinical manifestations, which include prolonged fever, polymorphic rash, non-purulent conjunctivitis, pneumonia complicated by distress syndrome, myocarditis, coronary artery disease, toxic shock syndrome, limb edema, polyserositis, severe abdominal syndrome with diarrhea and others.

Exploring divalent conjugates of 5--acetyl-neuraminic acid as inhibitors of coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v) transduction.

Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v) is responsible for several outbreaks and two pandemics of the highly contagious eye infection acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC). Currently, neither prevention (vaccines) nor treatments (antivirals) are available for combating this disease. CVA24v attaches to cells by binding Neu5Ac-containing glycans on the surface of cells which facilitates entry.