177 results match your criteria: "Confusional States and Acute Memory Disorders"
Transient global amnesia predisposed by rizatriptan and temazepam.
BMJ Case Rep
November 2024
Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a temporary memory condition often seen in older adults, marked by sudden memory loss that resolves within 24 hours while the person remains aware of their identity.
- A case study of a woman in her 60s illustrates how her acute memory problems were initially mistaken for a stroke after taking migraine and sleep medications, but were later correctly identified as TGA.
- This situation emphasizes the need to carefully distinguish TGA from other serious conditions to avoid unnecessary treatments and hospital costs, particularly since combining certain medications may increase the risk of TGA.
Intranasal administration of insulin on the incidence of postoperative delirium in middle-aged patients undergoing elective on-pump cardiac surgery (INIPOD-MOPS): a prospective double-blinded randomized control study protocol.
Trials
August 2024
Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital of Chongqing, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, PLA, Chongqing, 400037, China.
Article Synopsis
- Delirium is a serious cognitive decline that affects older patients, especially post-cardiac surgery, with rates varying from 15% to 80%, leading to higher risks of complications and mortality.
- This clinical trial will investigate the efficacy of intranasal insulin (INI) in preventing postoperative delirium in 76 middle-aged patients undergoing elective on-pump cardiac surgery, comparing its effects against a saline control.
- The study will evaluate outcomes such as the incidence of postoperative delirium, ICU duration, hospital stay lengths, and cognitive performance post-surgery, aiming to establish INI as a possible preventive treatment.
Dysregulated AEBP1 and COLEC12 Genes in Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Brain Cortex and Peripheral Blood Analysis.
J Mol Neurosci
April 2024
Human Genetics Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Article Synopsis
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to memory loss and cognitive decline, often with mood changes and confusion, and the search for its causes is focused on the cerebral cortex through analysis of gene expression.
- A study analyzed RNA expression in the frontal, temporal, and entorhinal cortex of AD patients and found key genes showing significant changes, particularly AEBP1 and COLEC12, which were also assessed in peripheral blood samples of late-onset AD patients.
- The research connects the up-regulation of AEBP1 and COLEC12 to the TGF-β signaling pathway and suggests these genes could serve as important diagnostic markers for differentiating late-onset AD patients from healthy
Silent Echoes: A Case Report of Wernicke Encephalopathy's Unheard Voice.
Cureus
January 2024
Graduate Medical Education, Piedmont Athens Regional, Athens, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a severe neurological condition primarily caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency, often linked to alcohol use disorder but also seen in malnourished individuals.
- A case study discussed a 64-year-old woman with alcohol use disorder who showed symptoms like confusion and specific eye movement issues, with MRI revealing brain abnormalities indicating WE.
- The key treatment for WE is high-dose intravenous thiamine, which improved the patient’s condition before discharge, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis despite the challenges due to the symptoms not always presenting in the classic triad.
Delirium is frequently underdiagnosed among older hospitalised patients despite available information in hospital medical records.
Age Ageing
February 2024
Neuro-SysMed, Department of Internal Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Article Synopsis
- In-hospital delirium is frequently underdiagnosed, leading to negative impacts on patient outcomes and hindering research efforts.
- A study analyzed data from 2,115 individuals to compare delirium rates determined through chart reviews of electronic medical records versus discharge diagnoses, finding a significant discrepancy in incidence rates.
- Results showed that less severe cases of delirium were often missed in discharge diagnoses, highlighting the necessity for improved diagnostic protocols in hospitals to better recognize and document delirium.
Wernicke Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review of Contributing Factors-Can Malpractice Dynamics Be Identified?
J Clin Med
January 2024
Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00198 Rome, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- Wernicke Encephalopathy (WE) is a serious neurological condition linked to vitamin B1 deficiency, often seen in chronic alcoholics and can occur in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum due to increased thiamine demand.
- A case study of a 33-year-old diabetic patient at 12 weeks of pregnancy showed WE symptoms, including confusion and impaired vision, diagnosed through MRI; treatment with thiamine led to significant recovery, although some neurological issues persisted long-term.
- Despite favorable prognosis when treated early, about 80% of WE patients have memory loss and 35% experience gait disorders; the need for ongoing follow-up and caution in management highlights gaps in established
Use of a Data Repository to Identify Delirium as a Presenting Symptom of COVID-19 Infection in Hospitalized Adults: Cross-Sectional Cohort Pilot Study.
JMIR Aging
November 2023
College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Article Synopsis
- Delirium is a common condition in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, affecting 10% to 50%, and is linked to increased burdens on healthcare providers.
- The research focuses on identifying delirium as a potential early symptom of COVID-19 in older adults using specific diagnostic codes from a data repository.
- Analysis from two different regions showed that only 29.8% of COVID-19 patients had a neurocognitive disorder, with 15.8% showing symptoms upon admission.
The importance of thiamine (vitamin B1) in humans.
Biosci Rep
October 2023
Małgorzata Mrowicka, Jerzy Mrowicki, Grzegorz Dragan, Ireneusz Majsterek, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
Article Synopsis
- * Deficiency can lead to serious health issues, including Wernicke's encephalopathy, neurological problems, and cardiovascular complications, with alcohol abuse being the primary risk factor.
- * The paper discusses thiamine's biological functions, antioxidant properties, and the consequences of its deficiency on overall health.
Acute Toxic Encephalopathy in Occupational Exposure with Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Fumes: A Case Series.
Neurol India
June 2023
Narayana Multispeciality Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Article Synopsis
- Toxic encephalopathy is a range of brain disorders caused by toxins, particularly from jobs, and PVC is a common plastic linked to such exposure.
- A case series reported 10 patients from a plastic recycling factory who experienced acute toxic encephalopathy after inhaling PVC fumes, leading to symptoms like confusion and memory loss.
- All patients were treated effectively, showing a good recovery within an average of 10.8 days, highlighting the need for awareness of PVC-related occupational hazards.
Scopolamine causes delirium-like brain network dysfunction and reversible cognitive impairment without neuronal loss.
Zool Res
July 2023
Department of Geriatrics and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China. E-mail:
Article Synopsis
- Delirium is a serious brain condition often seen in the elderly, which can increase the risk of developing dementia later on, but its exact causes are not well understood.
- Researchers compared three mouse models of delirium created by surgical anesthesia, inflammation, and neurotransmitter modulation, discovering that certain substances affected brain activity similarly to what is seen in delirium patients.
- The study found that injecting mice with scopolamine caused temporary cognitive issues and increased activity without damaging cholinergic neurons, but it did disrupt hippocampal synapse functions, helping to shed light on how delirium might start.
Acute and subacute clinical markers after sport-related concussion in rugby union players.
J Sci Med Sport
July 2023
Departamento de Neuropatología y de Biología Molecular, Fleni, Argentina.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to understand how on-field post-concussion symptoms and neurological signs correlate with symptoms reported 72 hours after brain injuries in male rugby players.
- It involved 92 adult rugby players, assessing their symptoms immediately after concussion and again at a follow-up, using several measurement scales.
- Findings showed that symptomatic athletes were over twice as likely to experience post-traumatic amnesia and exhibited higher rates of depression and cognitive/somatic symptoms compared to asymptomatic athletes.
Anatomical and functional predictors of disorientation after first-ever brain damage.
Neuropsychologia
August 2023
Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Disorientation often occurs after acute brain injuries or disorders like confusional states and dementia, with two main theories on its cause: damaged medial temporal areas affecting memory versus dysfunctional orbitofrontal areas leading to reality misinterpretation.
- The study involved 84 patients hospitalized for neurorehabilitation, where their orientation to time, place, situation, and person was assessed, and correlations with executive tasks and memory were analyzed.
- Results indicated that temporal context confusion significantly impacted disorientation, suggesting that challenges in distinguishing past from present experiences are critical in understanding disorientation following brain injuries.
Anti-Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 (Anti-LGI 1) Limbic Encephalitis and New-Onset Psychosis: A Case Report.
Cureus
March 2023
Serviço de Psiquiatria, Hospital Prof. Dr. Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, PRT.
Article Synopsis
- Anti-LGI 1 limbic encephalitis (LE) is a common autoimmune condition that can lead to cognitive issues, psychiatric symptoms, and unique seizure types, making it crucial for doctors to recognize its signs early to start treatment promptly.
- A case study showed a patient displaying acute psychotic symptoms, initially misdiagnosed as unspecified psychosis, but later identified as anti-LGI 1 LE through EEG, MRI, and antibody tests.
- Early diagnosis and treatment are vital, as delayed recognition can result in serious long-term effects, including permanent cognitive impairment and ongoing seizures.
Rehabilitation for Impaired Attention in the Acute and Post-Acute Phase After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review.
Korean J Neurotrauma
March 2023
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Article Synopsis
- Impaired attention is a major cognitive issue that arises after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and significantly affects memory and execution skills.
- Rehabilitation can help improve attention during both acute and post-acute phases, which involves understanding medical history, assessing neurological conditions, and addressing accompanying disorders.
- Effective rehabilitation strategies include metacognitive training, direct attention exercises, computer-based interventions, medication, and controlling environmental factors to support patients with attention difficulties.
Potential Prion Involvement in Long COVID-19 Neuropathology, Including Behavior.
Cell Mol Neurobiol
August 2023
First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Charles University in Prague, 120 00 Prague 2, Ke Karlovu 11, Prague, Czech Republic.
Article Synopsis
- Prions are infectious proteins that cause neurodegenerative diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, differing from viruses and bacteria as they lack a nucleic acid genome.
- They lead to neuronal loss and abnormal protein folding, resulting in memory issues, personality changes, and various cognitive impairments.
- The text suggests that long COVID could be linked to prion-like mechanisms, particularly in those vulnerable to such changes, explaining some post-viral infection symptoms.
Delirium in older hospitalized patients-A prospective analysis of the detailed course of delirium in geriatric inpatients.
PLoS One
March 2023
Department of Geriatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Article Synopsis
- Delirium is a common but often unrecognized condition in older hospitalized patients, particularly those over 65 years old.
- A study investigated the clinical course of delirium in geriatric patients, identifying risk factors and assessing cognitive functioning through various tests over a week-long treatment period.
- While delirium severity improved significantly, cognitive deficits, especially in memory, persisted, highlighting the complexity of differentiating between delirium and preexisting cognitive decline.
SARS-CoV-2 Invasion and Pathological Links to Prion Disease.
Biomolecules
September 2022
LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Article Synopsis
- SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, has infected nearly 600 million people worldwide, with many suffering from long COVID, leading to various ongoing health issues.
- *Long COVID can cause serious neurological complications, including cognitive problems, confusion, and balance issues, especially in elderly patients who may experience a cytokine storm due to their infection.
- *Recent studies suggest that these neurological effects could potentially link to the development of severe conditions like prion diseases and other age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
An Overview of Neurological and Psychiatric Complications During Post-COVID Period: A Narrative Review.
J Inflamm Res
July 2022
Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, People's Republic of China.
Article Synopsis
- COVID-19 is a serious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that can lead to major complications, particularly in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, but neurological and psychiatric issues are also significant and often overlooked.
- Studies indicate a high incidence of neurological and psychiatric disorders in both COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 patients, with severity correlating to the disease's intensity and potential long-term impacts including memory issues, headaches, and chronic fatigue.
- There is a need for more extensive research on the neurological effects of COVID-19, as current studies are limited, with only a small fraction focusing on the long-term psychological and neurological consequences of the virus.
A review of basic to clinical studies of the association between hyperammonemia, methamphetamine.
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
August 2022
Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Article Synopsis
- - Methamphetamine (METH) is the second most commonly used addictive drug globally and can lead to severe psycho-neurological complications, including hyperammonemia (HAM), which is linked to mental health issues and encephalopathy episodes.
- - METH and HAM cause similar neuropsychiatric symptoms such as psychosis, agitation, and memory impairment due to mechanisms involving neuronal damage, oxidative stress, and increased glutamate levels in the brain.
- - Studies show that METH-associated HAM often results in mental state changes that improve with normal ammonia serum levels, highlighting the need for monitoring ammonia levels in METH users for better treatment outcomes.
What is the optimum thiamine dose to treat or prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome? Results of a randomized controlled trial.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res
June 2022
Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is primarily caused by thiamine deficiency, especially in alcohol-dependent individuals, but the optimal treatment dosage of thiamine has not been established through clinical trials.
- Two randomized controlled trials were conducted to evaluate thiamine's effectiveness for preventing Wernicke's encephalopathy in at-risk patients and for treating symptomatic patients, using various dosages of parenteral thiamine.
- The studies found no significant differences in cognitive or neurological outcomes between different thiamine dosages, indicating that higher doses may not provide additional benefits over lower ones.
Transient Global Amnesia.
Am Fam Physician
January 2022
Medical University of South Carolina, Greenwood, SC, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a condition mainly affecting people over 50, marked by sudden, temporary memory loss for up to 24 hours, including confusion and repeated questioning about recent events.
- Possible triggers for TGA include physical or emotional stress, extreme temperatures, and acute illnesses, but its exact cause is unclear and may involve impaired blood flow in the brain.
- TGA episodes are self-limiting with no specific treatment and a low chance of recurrence, though links to migraines and other heart conditions have been observed; however, there's no increased risk of strokes or significant long-term memory issues associated with TGA.
Repetitive hyperbaric oxygen therapy for paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after acute carbon monoxide poisoning.
Undersea Hyperb Med
February 2022
Department of Emergency Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
Article Synopsis
- Delayed neuropsychological sequelae (DNS) are common complications following acute carbon monoxide poisoning, manifesting several days to weeks post-recovery and including symptoms like memory loss, confusion, and motor disturbances.
- Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a serious condition often seen in severe brain injuries, characterized by sudden spikes in sympathetic activity and potentially life-threatening outcomes, which can extend hospital stays and increase the risk of further brain injury.
- The report details three cases where patients with DNS post-CO poisoning improved after receiving repetitive hyperbaric oxygen therapy, highlighting its potential benefits in enhancing cerebral oxygenation and reducing inflammation.
Factors Associated With Physical Therapy Engagement During the Period of Posttraumatic Amnesia.
J Neurol Phys Ther
January 2022
Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (C.S., J.P., A.M.); Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, Victoria, Australia (C.S., J.P., A.M.); Epworth Healthcare, Richmond, Victoria, Australia (G.W., M.K.); and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (G.W.).
Article Synopsis
- Physical therapy is crucial for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the challenging posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) phase, where confusion and fatigue can hinder participation in rehab.
- Most patients engaged positively in physical therapy sessions, with patient refusal and fatigue being the main barriers; however, therapy could continue despite these challenges.
- Early initiation of therapy is recommended to enhance recovery, and a personalized approach that considers each patient's cognitive and physical state is essential for optimal rehabilitation outcomes.