Musculoskeletal health in the workplace.

Musculoskeletal (MSK) problems remain the most frequent reason why individuals are absent from work, including those with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs or MSDs) and those with chronic MSK problems. This paper aims to examine changes in work and the workforce since 2000; how work impacts on chronic MSK conditions and how we can help people with these conditions to stay at work. While our knowledge of the causes of WRMSDs has increased since 2000, there has been limited workplace action in reducing exposure to hazards.

Exploring the need for and application of human factors and ergonomics in ambulance design: Overcoming the barriers with technical standards.

Ergonomic risk factors, such as excessive physical effort, awkward postures or repetitive movements, were the leading causes of injuries amongst EMS workers in the United States, of which 90% were attributed to lifting, carrying, or transferring a patient and/or equipment. Although the essential tasks of patient handling, transport, and care cannot be eliminated, the design of ambulances and associated equipment is modifiable. Our aims were to identify the extent of Human Factors and Ergonomic (HFE) considerations in existing ambulance design standards/regulations, and describe how HFE and the standards/regulations were applied in the EMS system.

InterRAI Acute Care Instrument for Seniors in Canadian Hospitals: Findings of an Inter-Rater Reliability Pilot Study.

Background: Older adults are the biggest users of emergency departments and hospitals. However, healthcare professionals are often ill equipped to conduct comprehensive geriatric assessments causing missed opportunities for preventing adverse outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the inter-rater reliability of the interRAI Acute Care (AC) instrument for hospitalized older adults in two acute care hospitals in Ontario, Canada.

Chronic disease management models in nursing homes: a scoping review.

Objectives: Nursing home (NH) residents experience a high burden of chronic disease. Chronic disease management (CDM) can be a challenge, as the context of care provision and the way care is provided impact care delivery. This scoping review aimed to identify types of chronic diseases studied in intervention studies in NHs, influential contextual factors addressed by interventions and future CDM research considerations.

The Effect of Food Handler Certification on Food Premises in Ontario, Canada.

Although health units have implemented food handler certification to operators of food premises, evidence on its effectiveness to improve premise food safety remains inconclusive. Regression models were constructed using inspection data from a health unit in Ontario, Canada, to measure the effect of certification on premise inspection results. We found that premises without certified food handlers at the time of inspection were significantly more likely to fail inspections.

Effective Chronic Disease Interventions in Nursing Homes: A Scoping Review Based on the Knowledge-to-Action Framework.

: The purpose of this scoping review was two-fold: 1) to identify effective intervention studies addressing chronic disease for seniors living in nursing homes (e.x. chronic heart failure, diabetes, dementia, etc.

Construct Validation of the Mealtime Relational Care Checklist for Individual Resident Use in Long-Term Care.

Background And Purpose: To determine the construct validity of the Mealtime Relational Care Checklist (M-RCC) when used with individual residents.

Methods: Data was collected from 639 residents from 32 long-term care homes; M-RCC was completed at three meals for each resident and averaged. Bivariate analyses determined associations between the M-RCC and other resident level and dining room level measures.

DIVERT-Collaboration Action Research and Evaluation (CARE) Trial Protocol: a multiprovincial pragmatic cluster randomised trial of cardiorespiratory management in home care.

Introduction: Home care clients are increasingly medically complex, have limited access to effective chronic disease management and have very high emergency department (ED) visitation rates. There is a need for more appropriate and targeted supportive chronic disease management for home care clients. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness and preliminary cost effectiveness of a targeted, person-centred cardiorespiratory management model.

Musculoskeletal symptoms associated with workplace physical exposures estimated by a job exposure matrix and by self-report.

Background: A job-exposure matrix (JEM) is an efficient method to assign physical workplace exposures based on job titles. JEMs offer the possibility of linking work exposures to outcome data from national health registers that contain job titles. The French CONSTANCES JEM was constructed from self-reported physical work exposures of asymptomatic workers participating in a large general population study.

Examining the fatigue-quality relationship in manufacturing.

A recent systematic review identified 73 empirical studies that linked human factors (HF) with manufacturing quality. Human fatigue was noted as a frequent (n = 26) issue in the HF-quality relationship - a finding that warrants closer examination. We extend this review by investigating the relationship between fatigue and manufacturing quality by identifying how fatigue has been conceptualized and measured, and we attempted to quantify their relationship.

Shared learning environments for unregulated care provider education in long-term care: Innovative approaches and key considerations.

Long-term care (LTC) or nursing homes often experience difficulty recruiting passionate, competent and confident graduates to add to their teams. Few graduates are well-prepared for working in LTC environments and they do not often stay long. In an effort to strengthen the LTC workforce, we established a collaboration with a LTC and retirement living organization and a community college to develop a Living Classroom.

Quality assurance as a foundational element for an integrated system of dementia care.

Purpose: Many countries are developing primary care collaborative memory clinics (PCCMCs) to address the rising challenge of dementia. Previous research suggests that quality assurance should be a foundational element of an integrated system of dementia care. The purpose of this paper is to understand physicians' and specialists' perspectives on such a system and identify barriers to its implementation.

Impact of a Caregiver-Friendly Workplace Policies Intervention: A Prospective Economic Evaluation.

Objective: We estimate the potential cost-benefit of a caregiver-friendly workplace policies (CFWPs) educational intervention to facilitate uptake of supports for carer-employees (CEs) at a post-secondary institution.

Methods: We identified CEs through a voluntary survey and estimated the economic burden of caregiving activities from the CEs' and employer's perspective. The latter is used as the baseline of comparison for evaluating the cost-benefit of the intervention.

Applying Persuasive Design Techniques to Influence Data-Entry Behaviors in Primary Care: Repeated Measures Evaluation Using Statistical Process Control.

Background: Persuasive design is an approach that seeks to change the behaviors of users. In primary care, clinician behaviors and attitudes are important precursors to structured data entry, and there is an impact on overall data quality. We hypothesized that persuasive design changes data-entry behaviors in clinicians and thus improves data quality.

The associations between staffing hours and quality of care indicators in long-term care.

Background: Long-term care (LTC) staffing practices are poorly understood as is their influence on quality of care. We examined the relationship between staffing characteristics and residents' quality of care indicators at the unit level in LTC homes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data from administrative records and resident assessments from July 2014 to June 2015 at 11 LTC homes in Ontario, Canada comprising of 55 units and 32 residents in each unit.

Barriers for implementation of successful change to prevent musculoskeletal disorders and how to systematically address them.

This scoping review identified common barriers and facilitators encountered during the implementation of changes to prevent musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) and examined their relationship with those encountered in general Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) efforts. Thematic analysis of the literature identified 11 barriers: (i) Lack of time; (ii) Lack of resources; (iii) Lack of communication; (iv) Lack of management support, commitment, and participation; (v) Lack of knowledge and training; (vi) Resistance to change; (vii) Changing work environment; (viii) Scope of activities; (ix) Lack of trust, fear of job loss, or loss of authority; (x) Process deficiencies; and (xi) Difficulty of implementing controls. Three facilitators identified were: (i) Training, knowledge and ergonomists' support; (ii) Communication, participation and support; and (iii) An effective implementation process.

Heart Failure Management in Nursing Homes: A Scoping Literature Review.

Heart failure (HF) affects 20% of nursing home (NH) residents, causing high morbidity and mortality. The optimal approach to HF management in NHs remains elusive. We conducted a scoping review of published guidelines and HF management interventions in NHs.

Impact of the applied simulated and integrated learning approach on nursing assistants' knowledge and confidence caring for frail seniors in nursing homes.

Background: Increasing importance is being placed on optimizing the role of Nursing Aides (NAs) in improving quality of care for nursing home (NH) residents. One approach to do so is to have NAs participate in assessments embedded within the Minimum Data Set (MDS). This pilot study aimed to design and evaluate the program, a novel innovative training program for NAs employed in NHs to enhance their ability to assess residents within an inter-professional framework.

Observation of High School Students' Food Handling Behaviors: Do They Improve following a Food Safety Education Intervention?

Youth are a key audience for food safety education. They often engage in risky food handling behaviors, prepare food for others, and have limited experience and knowledge of safe food handling practices. Our goal was to investigate the effectiveness of an existing food handler training program for improving safe food handling behaviors among high school students in Ontario, Canada.

The role of unregulated care providers in home care: A scoping review.

Aim And Background: Health care needs of individuals living in the community are increasing. To meet the rising need, unregulated care providers are providing more complex patient care. The aim of this review is to articulate the unregulated care provider role by identifying patient care activities offered by unregulated care providers in home care.

The effects of an interprofessional patient-centered communication intervention for patients with communication disorders.

Purpose Of The Study: This small scale study examined the influence of an interprofessional (IP) evidence based patient-centered communication intervention (PCCI), delivered by trained nurses in collaboration with Speech Language Pathologists, on patient outcomes in an active stroke rehabilitation setting.

Design And Methods: The setting constraints imposed the use of a single-group pretest and post-test design to determine the influence of the intervention on patient outcomes. Validated tools measured patient quality of life (QOL), depressive symptoms and satisfaction with care.

Home-based care: barriers and facilitators to expanded personal support worker roles in Ontario, Canada.

To accommodate the increasing demand for home care in Ontario, Canada, some care tasks traditionally performed by regulated health professionals are being transferred to personal support workers (PSW). However, this expansion of PSW roles is not uniform across the province. Between December 2014 and April 2015, barriers and facilitators to expansion of PSW roles in home care were explored in a series of 13 focus groups.

Implementation of an interprofessional communication and collaboration intervention to improve care capacity for heart failure management in long-term care.

Heart failure affects up to 20% of nursing home residents and is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and transfers to acute care. A major barrier to heart failure management in nursing home settings is limited interprofessional communication. Guideline-based heart failure management programs in nursing homes can reduce hospitalisation rates, though sustainability is limited when interprofessional communication is not addressed.

Modeling Patient Treatment With Medical Records: An Abstraction Hierarchy to Understand User Competencies and Needs.

Background: Health care is a complex sociotechnical system. Patient treatment is evolving and needs to incorporate the use of technology and new patient-centered treatment paradigms. Cognitive work analysis (CWA) is an effective framework for understanding complex systems, and work domain analysis (WDA) is useful for understanding complex ecologies.