A tackler correctly adhering to the tackle instruction in a front-on, one-on-one torso tackle alters the peak inertial head kinematics of the ball carrier but not the tackler.

Objectives: To evaluate if the tackler correctly adhering, or not, to four different instructions of legal front-on one-on-one torso tackles altered the tackler and/or ball carrier peak inertial head kinematics.

Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Methods: Fifteen rugby-code players measured with three-dimensional optoelectronic motion capture performed two tackle instructions from the Australian National Rugby League coaching manual on under (Dominant National Rugby League) and over (Smother National Rugby League) the ball tackles, and two novel variants of these (under, Dominant, Torso Stick; over, Smother, Pop, Lock).

Long-term effects of concussion on attention, sensory gating and motor learning.

The current work aimed to understand the behavioral manifestations that result from disruptions to the selective facilitation of task-relevant sensory information at early cortical processing stages in those with a history of concussion. A total of 40 participants were recruited to participate in this study, with 25 in the concussion history group (Hx) and 15 in the control group (No-Hx). Somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) were elicited via median nerve stimulation while subjects performed a task that manipulated their focus of attention toward or away from proprioceptive cues.

Detecting Mild Traumatic Brain Injury after Combat Deployment: Agreement Between Veterans Health Administration Clinical System and LIMBIC-CENC Research Protocol.

Identifying historical mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is important for many clinical care reasons; however, diagnosing mild TBI is inherently challenging and utility of screening is unknown. This study compares a standardized research process to an established clinical process for screening and diagnosis of historical mild TBI during combat deployment in a military/Veteran cohort. Using validated instruments, the Long-term Impact of Military-relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium (LIMBIC-CENC) prospective longitudinal study (PLS) screens for all potential concussive events (PCEs) and conducts structured concussion diagnostic interviews for each PCE.

Physical and psychosocial consequences of falls in ambulatory individuals with cerebral palsy by age and gross motor function.

Objective: To quantify physical and psychosocial impacts of falls by age and Gross Motor Classification System (GMFCS) level in ambulatory individuals with cerebral palsy (CP).

Design: Cross-Sectional Survey.

Setting: Tertiary specialty hospital and online CP communities.

Multimodal Assessment Battery and Heart Rate Variability Enhance Clinical Utility of Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test.

Context: The Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test (BCTT) for exercise intolerance following concussion may highlight underlying autonomic dysfunction. Autonomic function at rest and with exertion may be predictive of neurocognitive performance for individuals with sports-related concussion. The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility and utility of combining multimodal assessments with heart rate variability (HRV) measures during the BCTT for individuals with a remote history of concussion.

Sports Medicine Physician Confidence in Concussion Assessments for Postconcussion Return-to-Play Decisions.

Objective: To identify sport-related concussion (SRC) assessments sports medicine physicians perform and in which they place confidence when making return-to-play (RTP) decisions.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Online survey.

Art therapy and brain injury: making the invisible visible.

The multiple cognitive, somatic, and behavioral changes following head injuries can result in expressive language difficulties that may not be resolved quickly. This paper explores the traumatic brain injury and post-concussive syndrome artwork created by an art therapist and the child of an art therapist, making the invisible neurological consequences of head injuries visible. Our first-person and caregiver perspectives offer examples of visual arts-based communication between patients, health professionals, and family members.

Morel-Lavallée Lesion: An Easily Missed Closed Debridement Injury in Blunt Trauma.

Morel-Lavallée lesion (MLL) is a closed soft tissue injury following trauma that is often missed. If not treated appropriately, they can lead to infection and is difficult to treat. High-energy trauma with shear forces should be treated with MLL in mind.

Assessment of an eye-tracking tool to discriminate between concussed and not concussed professional male rugby players: a cohort study.

Concussion is a common injury in rugby union ('rugby') and yet its diagnosis is reliant on clinical judgment. Oculomotor testing could provide an objective measure to assist with concussion diagnosis. NeuroFlex® evaluates oculomotor function using a virtual-reality headset.

Peripheral immune cell dysregulation following diffuse traumatic brain injury in pigs.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health problem affecting millions of individuals annually, potentially resulting in persistent neuropathology, chronic neurological deficits, and death. However, TBI not only affects neural tissue, but also affects the peripheral immune system's homeostasis and physiology. TBI disrupts the balanced signaling between the brain and the peripheral organs, resulting in immunodysregulation and increasing infection susceptibility.

Concurrent symptom domains and associations with recovery timelines among collegiate athletes with sport-related concussion.

Objective: Concussion symptoms can be clustered into domains and understanding how multiple symptom domains present clinically may guide more accurate interventions. We investigate the associations between concurrent symptom domains and clinical recovery outcomes, as well as the role of sex in these relationships.

Methods: We analysed data from the Ivy League-Big Ten Epidemiology of Concussion Study and included sport-related concussions (SRC) across five academic years 2015-2016/2019-2020 with complete data (n=1160).

In People with Subacute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, earlier Physical Therapy Improved Symptoms at a Faster Rate than Later Physical Therapy: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Importance: There is unclear evidence on when to initiate physical therapy after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in non-athlete, adult population.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate physical therapy timing after mTBI through changes in patient-reported and clinically-assessed tools and objective and mechanism measurements of sensorimotor balance control.

Design: This study was an investigator-blinded randomized control trial (NCT03479541).

Race/ethnicity, sex, and age differences in pediatric SCAT-5 concussion symptoms.

Objective: To examine sociodemographic differences in concussion symptom reporting, among young children by race/ethnicity, sex, and age at initial presentation to guide potential interventions for children from different backgrounds.

Method: Participants were elementary-age children (ages 5 to 12 years;  = 392) who sustained a concussion within 30 days of specialty concussion clinic visit. Independent variables were self-defined race/ethnic group, participants' sex, and age.

Association of Cognitive Symptoms and Abnormal Oculomotor Signs With Recovery in Adolescents After Sport-Related Concussion.

Objective: Sport-related concussion (SRC) affects cognitive and oculomotor function. We evaluated recovery from SRC in athletes with cognitive symptoms and/or oculomotor impairments who were prescribed early aerobic exercise treatment.

Design: Secondary exploratory analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Minimal Detectable Change Scores and Factors Associated With Dynamic Exertion Test (EXiT) Performance After Sport-Related Concussion.

Background: Factors associated with performance outside of a normative range on dynamic exertion test (EXiT) after sport-related concussion (SRC) remain unknown. This study examined the role of demographic and medical history factors on performance using minimal detectable change (MDC) cutoff scores in athletes being cleared to return to sport (RTS) from SRC.

Hypothesis: Older age, being female, and body mass index (BMI) ≥50th percentile would be associated with worse EXiT performance and with increased likelihood of falling outside the normative MDC score range.

The effects of adrenal insufficiency and its treatment on cognition in an athlete with post-concussion syndrome.

Post-concussion Syndrome (PCS) describes persistent nonspecific neurological, cognitive and emotional symptoms following concussion. A young male presented to a sports concussion clinic with persistent symptoms post-injury. Neurocognitive testing found unexpected severe memory impairment.

Differing clinical characteristics among individuals with concussions sustained at work, in motor vehicle collisions, and sport.

Purpose: To compare clinical characteristics in patients with concussions sustained by prevalent, but understudied, mechanisms (work-related concussion [WRC] and motor vehicle collision [MVC]-related concussion) to sport-related concussion (SRC).

Methods: Retrospective review of 281 electronic medical records from an outpatient concussion clinic. Time since injury (days), duration of care (days), amount of care (number of visits), and perceived health (Short-Form 12) were collected.

Relationship between self-reported concussion history, cognition, and mood among former collegiate athletes.

: This study explored the relationship between concussion history and cognition/mood in former collegiate athletes in middle-to-later adulthood. : 407 former collegiate athletes aged 50+ ( = 61.4; 62.

Repeatability, reproducibility and normative ranges for EyeGuide Focus testing system in elite male rugby players.

Objectives: The EyeGuide Focus system is a simple, portable, test of visual tracking with potential use for concussion screening. This study investigated the repeatability, reproducibility, distribution, and modifiers of EyeGuide Focus measurements in healthy elite Rugby players.

Design: Cross sectional repeated measures study and controlled pre-test post-test sub-study.

The Clinical Utility of Assessing Orthostatic Intolerance in Adolescents with Sport-Related Concussion, a Retrospective Study.

Background/objective: Assessing Orthostatic Intolerance (OI, symptoms upon standing from supine) is recommended in athletes with sport-related concussions (SRCs), as this is caused by impairments in the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system (cANS). Early Exercise Intolerance (Early EI, symptoms on light physical exertion) is also due to impairments in the cANS but is difficult to incorporate into outpatient clinical practice (cost of personnel, time, equipment). The purpose of this study was to determine if we could use OI to screen for Early EI, as well as understand differences between adolescents who do and do not report OI.

Smartphone-Based Pupillometry Using Machine Learning for the Diagnosis of Sports-Related Concussion.

Quantitative pupillometry has been proposed as an objective means to diagnose acute sports-related concussion (SRC). To assess the diagnostic accuracy of a smartphone-based quantitative pupillometer in the acute diagnosis of SRC. Division I college football players had baseline pupillometry including pupillary light reflex (PLR) parameters of maximum resting diameter, minimum diameter after light stimulus, percent change in pupil diameter, latency of pupil constriction onset, mean constriction velocity, maximum constriction velocity, and mean dilation velocity using a smartphone-based app.

Identifying Growth Hormone Deficiency in Brain-Injured Patients: The Quality of Life Scale-99.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently associated with hypopituitarism. The hypothalamic-pituitary axis appears to be susceptible to the same forces that cause injury to the parenchyma of the brain. Following even a mild TBI (mTBI), patients may suffer transient or permanent decreases in anterior pituitary hormones, including somatotropin (growth hormone [GH]), gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone), thyrotropin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone, with the most frequent long-term deficiency being GH deficiency (GHD).

Multifaceted concussion assessment battery: sensitivity at the expense of specificity?

Objectives: A multifaceted assessment battery is recommended for testing suspected concussed athletes; however, the individual tests have limitations and potentially may lead to false positive outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to psychometrically evaluate concussion assessment tools used for intercollegiate student-athletes, with a focus on the time interval between baseline and subsequent assessments.

Methods: 92 collegiate student-athletes matched between concussion ( = 46.

Does new research address persistent questions since the publication of the CDC's 2018 pediatric mTBI guideline.

Background And Objective: Due to the potential debilitating sequelae following pediatric mTBI, the CDC published the Guideline on the Diagnosis and Management of mTBI Among Children in 2018. However, the guideline identified several key gaps in our clinical knowledge to support several clinical recommendations. The objective of this review is to evaluate if subsequent research has addressed these gaps in clinical practice recommendations.