International society of sports nutrition position stand: β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB).

Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on an analysis of the literature regarding the effects of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate (HMB). The following 12 points have been approved by the Research Committee of the Society: 1. HMB is a metabolite of the amino acid leucine that is naturally produced in both humans and other animals.

The Association Between Body Composition and Performance on Military Fitness Tests.

Feeney, KA, Melton, BF, Ryan, GA, Bland, HW, and Butler, CR. The association between body composition and performance on military fitness tests. J Strength Cond Res 39(1): 94-98, 2025-Body composition and physical testing are important considerations for military personnel.

Impact of CYP1A2 Genotypes on the Ergogenic Effects and Subjective Mood States of Caffeine Ingestion in Resistance-Trained Women.

Caffeine's metabolism is determined by CYP1A2 genotypes: AC/CC (SLOW) and AA (FAST). This trial evaluated CYP1A2 genotypes' impact on exercise and cognitive effects in 36 resistance-trained females assessed under placebo (PL) and caffeine (6 mg/kg bw anhydrous caffeine-CAF) conditions, before ingestion and throughout the session. 23andMe (San Francisco, CA, USA) determined genotypes using saliva.

AG1, a Novel Synbiotic, Maintains Gut Barrier Function following Inflammatory Challenge in a Caco-2/THP1-Blue™ Co-Culture Model.

Nutritional interventions to reduce gastrointestinal (GI) permeability are of significant interest to physically active adults and those experiencing chronic health conditions. This in vitro study was designed to assess the impact of AG1, a novel synbiotic, on GI permeability following an inflammatory challenge. Interventions [AG1 (vitamins/minerals, pre-/probiotics, and phytonutrients) and control (control medium)] were fed separately into a human GI tract model (stomach, small intestine, and colon).

A Qualitative Analysis of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Management Program to Reduce Stress and Burnout for Health Care Staff.

Occupational stress in the work setting can lead to burnout. Health care workers are at a higher risk of experiencing stress and burnout. Mindfulness has gained momentum as a coping mechanism for stress and feelings of burnout, although it is unknown which mindfulness practices are the most effective for reducing feelings of occupational stress.

The Effects of Resistance Training on Sport-Specific Performance of Elite Athletes: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review examines the influence of resistance training (RT) on the performance outcomes of elite athletes. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search across PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was conducted, considering studies up to November 19, 2023. The inclusion criteria were elite athletes involved in high-level competitions.

Evaluation of the Craniovertebral Angle in Standing versus Sitting Positions in Young Adults with and without Severe Forward Head Posture.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of standing versus sitting body position on the craniovertebral angle (CVA) in young adults without pathology; and to investigate whether mean differences between positional CVA measures in subjects with severe forward head posture (FHP) are distinct from age-matched controls with normal head posture. Ninety-eight young adults (68 women, 30 men) without pathology (OVERALL; = 98) volunteered for the study; those with CVA > 53° were also included in a normal posture group (NORM; = 14); those with CVA < 45° were also included in a severe FHP group (SEV; = 15). CVA assessments were conducted in standing and sitting.

Health hazards in sports: Exploring the influence of despotic leadership and perceived organizational politics on well-being.

In recent years, the concept of despotic leadership has garnered considerable attention in sports. Despotic leadership significantly reflecting leaders' deviant behavior has today heightened the risk of health hazards in the workplace. In addition, the perceived organizational politics have also yielded a deleterious result on employees' well-being.

Association of chronotropic incompetence with reduced cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults with HIV.

Objective: Understanding the physiological drivers of reduced cardiorespiratory fitness in people with HIV (PWH) will inform strategies to optimize healthspan. Chronotropic incompetence is common in heart failure and associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness yet is understudied in PWH. The objective was to determine the prevalence of chronotropic incompetence and its relationship with cardiorespiratory fitness.

AG1 Induces a Favorable Impact on Gut Microbial Structure and Functionality in the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem Model.

Modulation of the human gut microbiome has become an area of interest in the nutraceutical space. We explored the effect of the novel foundational nutrition supplement AG1 on the composition of human microbiota in an in vitro experimental design. Employing the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME) model, AG1 underwent digestion, absorption, and subsequent colonic microenvironment simulation under physiologically relevant conditions in healthy human fecal inocula.

Sustaining the future: How green capabilities and digitalization drive sustainability in modern business.

In recent years, the unprecedented growth in environmental vulnerabilities has made the firms realize the need for environmental protection. With this, the rapid surge for ecological preservation has made worldwide businesses divert their focus toward greener practices that ensure the firm's financial and environmental performance. This study examines the relationships between green management strategies (green dynamic capabilities, internal green supply chain management and green technology adoption), and organizational outcomes, specifically environmental and financial performance.

Nutrient synergy: definition, evidence, and future directions.

Nutrient synergy refers to the concept that the combined effects of two or more nutrients working together have a greater physiological impact on the body than when each nutrient is consumed individually. While nutrition science traditionally focuses on isolating single nutrients to study their effects, it is recognized that nutrients interact in complex ways, and their combined consumption can lead to additive effects. Additionally, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) provide guidelines to prevent nutrient deficiencies and excessive intake but are not designed to assess the potential synergistic effects of consuming nutrients together.

The Effects of Postural Education or Corrective Exercise on the Craniovertebral Angle in Young Adults with Forward Head Posture: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of three different intervention strategies, postural education (PE) and two corrective exercise programs (CEPs), on the craniovertebral angle (CVA) in young adults with forward head posture (FHP). A prospective four-arm parallel randomized controlled trial with repeated measures was performed. Seventy-nine healthy young adults (55 women, 24 men; mean age: 20.

Physical Profile of Air Force Special Warfare Trainees.

Physical fitness testing in the military is commonly used to assess whether service members are physically capable of performing the diverse physical tasks that may be required for their job. Body composition can influence an individual's ability to physically perform. This study aimed to analyze the general physical profile of U.

Musculoskeletal Injury Prevalence, Pain Perception, and Physical Activity Level Among Brazilian Strength and Cross-Training Practitioners.

In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries, perceived pain, and physical activity level among Brazilian practitioners of strength training (ST) and functional fitness (FF). Participants were 311 men and women who trained in 10 FF training centers and seven ST gyms. Each participant completed surveys of the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries, their pain perception, and their physical activity level.

Offset Loading in a Bilateral Squatting Movement Pattern Influences Ground-Reaction Force and Muscle Activity in the Dominant and Nondominant Limb.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore whether offset loading in the barbell squat altered ground-reaction force (GRF) and muscle activation in the dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) lower limb compared to traditional squats.

Methods: Twelve well-trained men (age 26.4 [3.

Adults are not older adolescents: comparing physical therapy findings among adolescents, young adults and older adults with persistent post-concussive symptoms.

Objective: Individuals with persistent post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) may present with a myriad of physical symptoms. There is limited research available comparing the presence of examination findings among individuals with PPCS from different age groups.

Methods: Retrospective case-control chart review of 481 patients with PPCS and 271 non-trauma controls.

A new, brief measure of college students' academic stressors.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a new measure of academic stressors (the ASM) in college students. The ASM was given to 677 undergraduate students at three universities along with measures of anxiety/depression, Big Five personality traits, and study skills. Tests of factorability and an exploratory factor analysis were completed.

Older adults' experiences using Alexa.

The number of adults in the United States age 65 and older is expected to increase to 81 million in 2040 and 95 million in 2060. Voice-activated personal assistants (VAPAs), such as Amazon's Alexa, have the potential to ensure that older adults can successfully age in place using smart home technology to support health, wellness, social engagement, and daily functioning at home. To further explore this potential, twelve home-dwelling older adults aged 65 and older who had used the Amazon Alexa VAPA device for over six months were interviewed to learn about their perceptions and experiences with the use of the device and to gain insights into how this technology has shaped their aging experience.

The Influence of Environmental Values on Consumer Intentions to Participate in Agritourism-A Model to Extend TPB.

This study examines the influence of environmental values on consumer intentions to participate in agritourism through the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and value-belief-norm (VBN) theory. It proposes an integrative model by adding two variables, i.e.

Examining weight bias attitudes and obesity beliefs among undergraduate students.

: This cross-sectional study examined the weight bias attitudes and obesity beliefs of health science (HS), nursing, and pre-medicine undergraduate students. : Using snowballing and convenience sampling strategies, students (N = 139) completed an online survey, including a 24-item Antifat Attitudes Scale (AFAS) and eight-item Belief About Obese Persons (BAOP) scale. HS students have higher weight bias than nursing and pre-medicine students combined ( = 43.

Internal Validity in Resistance Training Research: A Systematic Review.

Ensuring internal validity is the key procedure when planning the study design. Numerous systematic reviews have demonstrated that considerations for internal validity do not receive adequate attention in the primary research in sport sciences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review methodological procedures in current literature where the effects of resistance training on strength, speed, and endurance performance in athletes were analyzed.

Assessing Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity in Older Adults: Validity of a Commercial Activity Tracker.

Despite the potential for commercial activity devices to promote moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), limited information is available in older adults, a high-priority target population with unique gait dynamics and energy expenditure. The study purpose was to investigate the content validity of the Garmin Vivosmart HR device for step counts and MVPA in adults ≥65 years of age in free-living conditions. Thirty-five participants ( age= 73.

Do the high-protein recommendations for athletes set some on a path to kidney injury and dialysis?

Athletes and fitness enthusiasts are often encouraged to follow high-protein diets to optimize muscle protein synthesis, modify body composition, and enhance performance, yet the safety of these higher protein intakes has been debated. Many people with kidney dysfunction are unaware of their condition, and the potential harm of excess protein intake on the kidneys may not be adequately reported in the sports nutrition literature. Studies suggesting that high-protein intake may be associated with incident kidney disease have led the nephrology community to make conservative recommendations.