RESILIENCE (Retrospective Linkage Study of Autoimmune Encephalitis): protocol for an Australian retrospective cohort study of outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis using data linkage techniques.

Introduction: The autoimmune encephalitides (AE) are a heterogeneous group of neurological disorders with significant morbidity and healthcare costs. Despite advancements in understanding their pathophysiology, uncertainties persist regarding long-term prognosis and optimal management. This study aims to address these gaps, focusing on immunotherapeutic strategies, neoplastic associations and functional outcomes.

Duration of Ice Hockey Play and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.

Importance: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy associated with repetitive head impacts (RHIs). Prior research suggests a dose-response association between American football play duration and CTE risk and severity, but this association has not been studied for ice hockey.

Objective: To investigate associations of duration of ice hockey play with CTE diagnosis and severity, functional status, and dementia.

Somatosensory evoked potentials: technique, interpretation and clinical applications.

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) are electrical potentials that measure various parts of the ascending somatosensory pathways. They are elicited through stimulating mixed nerves, with subsequent orthodromic stimulation of sensory nerves. Despite advances in imaging, SSEPs complement both the clinical examination and peripheral neurophysiological studies when assessing the functional integrity of the sensory pathways, being especially helpful when imaging is inconclusive.

Peripheral Neuropathy in the Phase 3 ASPEN Study of Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia.

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a significant cause of morbidity associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). The phase 3 ASPEN study compared the efficacy and safety of zanubrutinib with ibrutinib in patients with WM. This ad hoc analysis examined treatment outcomes with zanubrutinib or ibrutinib on PN symptoms associated with WM in patients enrolled in ASPEN.

Medicare Accountable Care Organization Treatment of Serious Mental Illness: Associations Between Behavioral Health Integration Activities and Outcomes.

Objective: Characterize the association between Medicare Accountable Care Organizations' (ACOs) behavioral health integration capability and quality and utilization among adults with serious mental illness (SMI).

Background: Controlled research supports the efficacy of integrating physical and mental health care for adults with SMI, yet little is known about the organizations integrating care and associations between integration capability and quality.

Methods: We surveyed Medicare ACOs (2017-2018 National Survey of ACOs, response rate 69%) and linked responses to 2016-2017 fee-for-service Medicare claims for beneficiaries with SMI.

Innovation in delirium care: A standardized intervention to reverse inattention using touch and movement.

Delirium is a complex neurocognitive disorder characterized by an acute disturbance in attention, awareness, and perception. It is a dangerous syndrome that is independently associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality, inpatient complications, and is a predictor of long-term cognitive dysfunction. Although delirium can occur in persons of all ages, the prevalence among and impact on older adults is particularly significant.

Gut microbiota strain richness is species specific and affects engraftment.

Despite the fundamental role of bacterial strain variation in gut microbiota function, the number of unique strains of a species that can stably colonize the human intestine is still unknown for almost all species. Here we determine the strain richness (SR) of common gut species using thousands of sequenced bacterial isolates with paired metagenomes. We show that SR varies across species, is transferable by faecal microbiota transplantation, and is uniquely low in the gut compared with soil and lake environments.

Emotional Intelligence as a Component of Surgical Coaching: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Surgical coaching has become more widespread and involves both technical and nontechnical skills. Emotional Intelligence (EI) is an important nontechnical skill and is associated with leadership skills, increased job satisfaction and superior nontechnical skills. This scoping review aimed to explore the use of EI as a component of surgical coaching.

Combination Prostatic Artery Embolization Prior to Water-Jet Ablation (Aquablation) for Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy: A Propensity Score Analysis.

To compare post-operative bleeding measures in patients who underwent prostatic artery embolization (PAE) prior to water-jet ablation (aquablation) vs. water-jet ablation alone. A retrospective review identified 145 patients treated with water-jet ablation for benign prostatic hyperplasia from December 2018 to June 2021.

Small-Molecule Neutrophil Modulator ADS051 is Safe and Well-Tolerated in a Phase 1 Single Ascending Dose Study.

Introduction: A need for better treatment options for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC) persists because of the efficacy and safety limitations of current therapies. Neutrophil epithelial transmigration is associated with the characteristic colonic mucosal inflammation in and very likely involved with the pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of UC. ADS051 is a small-molecule inhibiting neutrophil migration and activation, which are potentially important therapeutic targets in UC.

Reproductive decision-making experiences of Australian adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 and schwannomatosis.

Individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 and schwannomatosis (NF) often face difficult reproductive choices when family planning; however, their experiences and the barriers and enablers to reproductive decision-making are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the opinions and experiences of individuals with NF in Australia and inform the development of practice recommendations and resources. Focus groups with adults with NF were conducted using a semi-structured interview schedule developed by the research team.

Muscle ultrasound aids diagnosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Objective: There is a need for improved diagnostic tools in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Our objective was to assess muscle ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in patients with ALS and determine a simplified screening protocol to aid implementation in clinical practice.

Methods: Ultrasound of bulbar and limb muscles was prospectively performed on all patients referred to a single centre with suspected ALS.

MOGAD: A comprehensive review of clinicoradiological features, therapy and outcomes in 4699 patients globally.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is one of the most common antibody-mediated CNS disorders. Optimal diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers remain unclear. Our aim was to clarify these biomarkers and therapeutic outcomes internationally.

The quality and safety of using generative AI to produce patient-centred discharge instructions.

Patient-centred instructions on discharge can improve adherence and outcomes. Using GPT-3.5 to generate patient-centred discharge instructions, we evaluated responses for safety, accuracy and language simplification.

Successful colonization of the testicular germinal epithelium by bone marrow stem cells producing spermatozoa of donor genotype is rare.

Background: It is not known whether bone marrow stem cells when injected intravenously for a bone marrow transplant colonize the human testicular epithelium. No previous studies of sperm genotype after bone marrow transplantation are reported.

Objectives: To differentiate host from donor genotype in spermatozoa of men who have undergone successful bone marrow transplants.