Short Sleep Duration in the First Years of Life and Obesity/Overweight at Age 4 Years: A Birth Cohort Study.

Objective: To investigate whether short sleep duration from the first year of life influenced weight at an early age.

Study Design: During 2004, children born in Pelotas, Brazil, were enrolled in a cohort study. Sleeping habits during the previous 2 weeks were assessed, and the children were weighed and measured at 1-, 2-, and 4-year follow-ups.

GLYCEMIC BEHAVIOR IN 48 HOURS POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND NON DIABETIC SUBMITTED TO BARIATRIC SURGERY.

Unlabelled: Although there is no indication for surgery taking only into account the glycemic condition, results have shown that benefits can be obtained in glycemic control with bariatric surgery.

Aim: To compare the glycemic behavior among type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients within 48 h after bariatric surgery, and clarify whether there is a reduction in blood glucose level in obese patients with diabetes before the loss of weight excess.

Methods: Descriptive epidemiological study with prospective cohort design with 31 obese patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy.

COMPLICATIONS REQUIRING HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY.

Background: The actual gold standard technique for obesity treatment is the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. However, complications may occur and the surgeon must be prepared for them.

Aim: To evaluate retrospectively the complications occurrence and associated factors in patients who underwent bariatric surgery.

HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIC WAIST (EWET), GLYCIDIC AND LIPID PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED HEART ATTACK.

Introduction: hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (EWET) has been poorly tested in patients with established cardiovascular disease.

Objectives: to evaluate a possible association between EWET, glycidic and lipid profile in patients with newly diagnosed heart attack (HA).

Methods: cross-sectional study among 45 inpatients with myocardial infarction.

Thyroid surgery performed on an overnight basis: a 17 years of experience.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the results of thyroid surgeries with hospitalization periods shorter than 18 hours performed in a surgical endocrinology service, correlating these results with type of procedure, the definitive diagnosis and complications associated with the procedure.

Subjects And Methods: The procedures performed, complications associated, hospitalization period, and relationships among these variables were assessed in consecutive patients subjected to different types of thyroid surgeries from January 1997 to March 2014 by the same group of surgeons. Data were analyzed by frequency, and the associations between the hospitalization period and other variables were analyzed using the Pearson chi-square test and Fisher's exact test, using a multiple comparisons test with Bonferroni correction.

A Randomized Comparison of Anthropomorphic Changes With Preferred and Alternative Efavirenz-Based Antiretroviral Regimens in Diverse Multinational Settings.

Background.  Existing data on anthropomorphic changes in resource-limited settings primarily come from observational or cross-sectional studies. Data from randomized clinical trials are needed to inform treatment decisions in these areas of the world.

Impact of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria for gestational diabetes.

Aims: To evaluate the diagnostic criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) and alternative criteria in terms of resultant prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and measures of diagnostic impact.

Methods: The Brazilian Gestational Diabetes Study (EBDG) is a cohort of pregnant women enrolled consecutively in prenatal care clinics of the Brazilian National Health Service from 1991 to 1995, a time and setting in which those with lesser than diabetes hyperglycemia rarely received drug treatment. Eligibility criteria were age ≥20 years, gestational age 20-28 weeks and no history of diabetes outside pregnancy.

A workshop on asthma management programs and centers in Brazil: reviewing and explaining concepts.

Objective: To report the results of a workshop regarding asthma management programs and centers (AMPCs) in Brazil, so that they can be used as a tool for the improvement and advancement of current and future AMPCs.

Methods: The workshop consisted of five presentations and the corresponding group discussions. The working groups discussed the following themes: implementation of asthma management strategies; human resources needed for AMPCs; financial resources needed for AMPCs; and operational maintenance of AMPCs.

The presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes is associated with tumor size and depth of invasion in sporadic gastric adenocarcinoma.

Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma is more often found in men over 50 years in the form of an antral lesion. The tumor has heterogeneous histopathologic features and a poor prognosis (median survival of 15% in five years).

Aim: To estimate the relationship between the presence of nodal metastasis and other prognostic factors in sporadic gastric adenocarcinoma.

Antibiotic prophylaxis in obese patients submitted to bariatric surgery. A systematic review.

Purpose: To review the use of cefazolin in prophylaxis of surgical wound infection (SSI) in bariatric surgery (BS).

Methods: A systematic review was performed from October to November, 2013 using the following databases: The Cochrane Library, Medline, LILACS, and EMBASE. The inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials and observational studies that were evaluated by two independent reviewers.

Assessment of ICU readmission risk with the Stability and Workload Index for Transfer score.

Patient discharge from the ICU is indicated on the basis of clinical evidence and the result of strategies aimed at improving health care. Nevertheless, some patients might be discharged too early. We attempted to identify risk factors for unplanned ICU readmission, using a score for risk assessment, designated the Stability and Workload Index for Transfer (SWIFT) score.

Clostridium difficile infection in Brazil: a neglected problem?

The epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection is virtually unknown in Brazil. In this prospective study, 8.3% of patients with nosocomial diarrhea were found to have toxigenic strains of C difficile in their feces.

Wilms tumor: experience of a hospital in southern Brazil.

Background: Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common renal malignancy of childhood. The aim of this study was to verify the epidemiological profile and prognosis of a sample of patients from Brazil and compare them to similar data from other Latin American studies.

Method: The sample consisted of consecutive patients diagnosed with WT in an oncohematology service of a referral hospital in Southern Brazil, between 1989 and 2009.

A clinical decision support system for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis at a general hospital in a middle-income country.

Objective: To determine the impact that implementing a combination of a computer-based clinical decision support system and a program of training seminars has on the use of appropriate prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in two phases (prior to and after the implementation of the new VTE prophylaxis protocol) in order to evaluate the impact that the combined strategy had on the use of appropriate VTE prophylaxis. The study was conducted at Nossa Senhora da Conceição Hospital, a general hospital in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil.

EVALUATION OF THE MORTALITY RATE ONE YEAR AFTER HIP FRACTURE AND FACTORS RELATING TO DIMINISHED SURVIVAL AMONG ELDERLY PEOPLE.

Objective: To evaluate the mortality rate after one year and correlated preoperative factors, among patients with hip fractures.

Methods: We prospectively studied 202 out of a total of 376 patients with a diagnosis of hip fracture who were admitted to the Hospital Cristo Redentor, between October 2007 and March 2009. The database with the epidemiological analysis was set up during their hospitalization, and follow-up data were obtained preferentially by phone.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the liver: a case report.

Primary liver sarcomas represent a rare group of neoplasias, with angiosarcoma being the most common histological type. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) represents a high malignant neoplasia that usually affects the central nervous system and soft tissues. An 18-year-old male patient was admitted with clinical complains of pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant.

Prognosis of thyroid cancer related to pregnancy: a systematic review.

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the second most common cancer in pregnancy. Its management is a challenge for both doctors and patients, and the best timing for surgery is unclear. A systematic review evaluating the prognosis of DTC in pregnant patients was conducted.

Use of clinical signs and computed tomography myelography findings in detecting and excluding nerve root avulsion in complete brachial plexus palsy.

Object: The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of preoperative evaluation based on clinical testing and computed tomography (CT) myelography in differentiating root rupture (that is, graftable root) from root avulsion in total brachial plexus palsy.

Methods: Thirty-two patients with total brachial plexus palsy were clinically tested for the presence of phrenic nerve palsy, supraclavicular Tinel sign, shoulder protraction, Bernard-Horner syndrome, and hand pain. The patients underwent CT myelography and then underwent surgery.

Refinements in the technique for repair of the accessory nerve.

Trapezius muscle palsy after accessory nerve injury leads to periscapular pain and shoulder motion deficit. The results of accessory nerve repair generally are good, but surgery is difficult. The difficulty consists of finding the nerve stumps that are embedded in fat and scar tissue from previous surgeries or injuries.

Concepts of nerve regeneration and repair applied to brachial plexus reconstruction.

Brachial plexus injury is a serious condition that usually affects young adults. Progress in brachial plexus repair is intimately related to peripheral nerve surgery, and depends on clinical and experimental studies. We review the rat brachial plexus as an experimental model, together with its behavioral evaluation.

Hemorrhagic shock due to spontaneous rupture of adrenal pheochromocytoma.

The spontaneous rupture of an adrenal pheochromocytoma is an extremely rare event; however, it is potentially fatal. We report a case of spontaneous rupture of pheochromocytoma followed by an extensive retroperitoneal hematoma and hypovolemic shock. The correct diagnostic assessment determined the adequate surgical approach and a favorable outcome for the patient.

Atypical gastric presentation of strongyloidiasis in HIV-infected patient--case report.

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal helminth of systemic distribution, which, once in its host, has the ability to perpetuate itself through an autoinfection cycle, leading to chronic infection. In healthy hosts, the parasite usually does not cause any symptoms, or only mild symptoms that are limited mainly to the small intestine. However, in immunocompromised hosts, uncontrolled multiplication with massive infection may occur, causing hyperinfection syndrome or disseminated strongyloidiasis, which are both associated with high morbidity and mortality.

Deficiency of the eighth component of complement associated with recurrent meningococcal meningitis--case report and literature review.

The authors report a case of deficiency of the eighth component of complement in a young adult with a history of three episodes of meningitis; one of them proved to be meningococcal. The literature was reviewed and meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis strains causing disease in complement-deficient and complement-sufficient patients was demonstrated. Meningococcal disease may be the first manifestation of complement deficiency; screening for complement function must be considered for those with invasive meningococcal disease, with posterior evaluation of the components of the terminal pathway of complement.

Actinomycosis simulating malignant large bowel obstruction.

We present a case of a 58 year old white male who entered the hospital with abdominal pain and developed large bowel obstruction, simulating malignant disease. Anatomopathological examination showed abdominal actinomycosis, a rare presentation of this disease.