Unique considerations in the assessment and management of traumatic brain injury in older adults.

The age-specific incidence of traumatic brain injury in older adults is rising in high-income countries, mainly due to an increase in the incidence of falls. The severity of traumatic brain injury in older adults can be underestimated because of a delay in the development of mass effect and symptoms of intracranial haemorrhage. Management and rehabilitation in older adults must consider comorbidities and frailty, the treatment of pre-existing disorders, the reduced potential for recovery, the likelihood of cognitive decline, and the avoidance of future falls.

Effect of a Novel Food Rich in Miraculin on the Intestinal Microbiome of Malnourished Patients with Cancer and Dysgeusia.

Background/objectives: Dysgeusia contributes to malnutrition and worsens the quality of life of patients with cancer. Despite the different strategies, there is no effective treatment for patients suffering from taste disorders provided by the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, we developed a novel strategy for reducing side effects in cancer patients by providing a novel food supplement with the taste-modifying glycoprotein miraculin, which is approved by the European Union, as an adjuvant to medical-nutritional therapy.

Vitamin D Supplementation Is Associated with Inflammation Amelioration and Cognitive Improvement in Decompensated Patients with Cirrhosis.

Decompensated cirrhosis is characterized by systemic inflammation and innate and adaptive immune dysfunction. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a prevalent and debilitating condition characterized by cognitive disturbances in which ammonia and inflammation play a synergistic pathogenic role. Extraskeletal functions of vitamin D include immunomodulation, and its deficiency has been implicated in immune dysfunction and different forms of cognitive impairment.

Twenty-Three-Year Mortality in Parkinson's Disease: A Population-Based Prospective Study (NEDICES).

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders among older adults, yet its long-term impact on mortality within population-based cohorts remains insufficiently characterized. This study leverages data from the Neurological Disorders in Central Spain (NEDICES) cohort to provide a comprehensive 23-year mortality analysis in a Spanish population. In this prospective cohort study, 5278 individuals aged 65 years and older were evaluated across two waves: baseline (1994-1995) and follow-up (1997-1998).

Impact of Obesity on Hospitalization Burden of Urolithiasis in Spain Between 1997 and 2021.

: The prevalence of kidney stones has increased, especially in industrialized countries. Obesity and metabolic syndrome have also risen significantly and are considered factors driving this trend. Our goal was to assess the hospitalization burden of kidney stones and identify epidemiological trends in Spain over the past 25 years.

From Anatase TiO Nano-Cuboids to Nano-Bipyramids: Influence of Particle Shape on the TiO Photocatalytic Degradation of Emerging Contaminants in Contrasted Water Matrices.

Water pollution, resulting from industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and pharmaceutical residues, poses serious threats to ecosystems and human health, highlighting the need for innovative approaches to effective remediation, particularly for non-biodegradable emerging pollutants. This research work explores the influence of shape-controlled nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO NC), synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method, on the photodegradation efficiency of three different classes of emerging environmental pollutants: phenol, pesticides (methomyl), and drugs (sodium diclofenac). Experiments were conducted to assess the influence of the water matrix on treatment efficiency by using ultrapure water and stormwater (basic) collected from an urban drainage system as matrices.

Fecal Microbiota Strongly Correlates with Tissue Microbiota Composition in Colorectal Cancer but Not in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Microbiota could be of interest in the diagnosis of colorectal and non-small cell lung cancer (CRC and NSCLC). However, how the microbial components of tissues and feces reflect each other remains unknown. In this work, our main objective is to discover the degree of correlation between the composition of the tissue microbiota and that of the feces of patients affected by CRC and NSCLC.

T Cell-Specific Inactivation of the PI3K p110α Catalytic Subunit: Effect in T Cell Differentiation and Antigen-Specific Responses.

Class IA PI3K p110δ and p110α subunits participate in TCR and costimulatory receptor signals involved in T cell-mediated immunity, but the role of p110α is not completely understood. Here, we analyzed a mouse model of the Cre-dependent functional inactivation of p110α (kinase dead) in T lymphocytes (p110αKD-T, KD). KD mice showed increased cellularity in thymus and spleen and altered T cell differentiation with increased number of CD4CD8 DP thymocytes, enhanced proportion of CD4 SP lymphocytes linked to altered apoptosis, lower Treg cells, and increased AKT and ERK phosphorylation in activated thymocytes.

Proteomic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

The proteomic analysis of serum extracellular vesicles (EVs) could be a useful tool for studying the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), as well as for biomarker discovery. To characterize the proteomic composition of serum EVs in patients with CD and UC to identify biomarkers and molecular pathways associated with pathogenesis and activity. Methods: Serum EVs were enriched and analyzed in patients with quiescent CD, active CD (aCD), quiescent UC, active UC (aUC), and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 30 per group).

Urinary Proteome and Exosome Analysis Protocol for the Discovery of Respiratory Diseases Biomarkers.

This study aims to develop a protocol for respiratory disease-associated biomarker discovery by combining urine proteome studies with urinary exosome components analysis (i.e., miRNAs).

The Use of Haloperidol as a Sedative During Childbirth: An Extreme Form of Obstetric Violence in Spain.

Obstetric violence during pregnancy and childbirth is unfortunately a major problem throughout the world. Neuroleptanalgesia is a classic form of analgesia which consists in administering analgesics and neuroleptics, such as haloperidol, simultaneously. Haloperidol is still occasionally used during childbirth and, in most cases, without informed consent in Spain.

Neuroprotective Effect of the Combination of Citicoline and CoQ10 in a Mouse Model of Ocular Hypertension.

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), with intraocular pressure (IOP) being its primary risk factor. Despite controlling IOP, the neurodegenerative process often continues. Therefore, substances with neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties could protect against RGC death.

Safety and Satisfaction Analysis of Intravenous and Inhalational Conscious Sedation in a Geriatric Population Undergoing Oral Surgery.

: The objective of this research was to compare two methods of conscious sedation (midazolam vs. sevoflurane) used for performing oral surgical procedures in the older adult population by analyzing dental treatment-related anxiety levels, the quality of sedation, and potential hemodynamic changes during the interventions, as well as post-recovery symptoms and patient satisfaction levels. : A total of 104 patients underwent oral surgery with intravenous (age: 84.

Autosomal and Y-STR genetic database from a population of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and the postwar period.

Under the initiative of the "Direcció General de Memòria democràtica-Departament de Justícia" (Generalitat of Catalonia, Spain), a multi-disciplinar project was funded to identify the remains of people disappeared in Catalonia during and after the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). Samples were officially sent by Autonomous Government of Catalonia to the Laboratory of Forensic and Population Genetics at Complutense University, Madrid, Spain, to be genotyped. Our study presents a database of 343 victims genotyped for STRs comprised in GlobalFiler™ PCR Amplification Kit (Thermofisher Scientific) and a subset of 292 typed with Y-STRs from Yfiler™ Plus PCR Amplification Kit (Thermofisher Scientific).

Characteristics of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and their association with treatment outcomes: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: There are few data on the treatment of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis, especially with more recently available drugs and regimens. We aimed to describe the clinical and treatment characteristics and their associations with treatment outcomes in this susceptible population.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Osmotic stress influences microtubule drug response via WNK1 kinase signaling.

Ion homeostasis is critical for numerous cellular processes, and disturbances in ionic balance underlie diverse pathological conditions, including cancer progression. Targeting ion homeostasis is even considered as a strategy to treat cancer. However, very little is known about how ion homeostasis may influence anticancer drug response.

Prevalence of distal caries in second molar associated with impacted mandibular third molar and the position and level of impaction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: The primary objective of this systematic review was to analyze the overall prevalence of distal caries in mandibular second molars (MSMs) associated with the presence of impacted mandibular third molars (IMTMs). Secondary objectives were to determine how IMTM position and level of impaction influence the occurrence of distal caries.

Materials And Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed.

Emotion processing difficulties in ADHD: a Bayesian meta-analysis study.

We investigated whether there is an emotional processing deficit in ADHD and whether this only applies to specific emotional categories. In this PRISMA-compliant systematic review based on a pre-registered protocol ( https://osf.io/egp7d ), we searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ERIC, Scopus and Web of Science databases until 3rd December 2023, to identify empirical studies comparing emotional processing in individuals meeting DSM (version III to 5-TR) or ICD (version 9 or 10) criteria for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and in a non-psychiatric control group.

Voriconazole Pharmacokinetics Administered at 4 mg/kg IM and IV in Nursehound Sharks () Under Human Care.

Fungal diseases, despite their low incidence in sharks and rays, are considered emerging diseases in this group of animals and can lead to high mortality rates despite treatment. The information available related to the treatment of fungal diseases in elasmobranchs is limited and is frequently based on the empirical knowledge provided by the professionals and clinicians working with these species. The use of azole antifungal drugs, especially voriconazole, has shown promise as a potential treatment option for fungal infections in elasmobranchs, with favorable outcomes in some registered cases.

The Impact of COVID-19 on DTP3 Vaccination Coverage in Europe (2012-2023).

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted routine child immunization efforts, threatening to reverse progress in controlling vaccine-preventable diseases.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on DTP3 vaccination in Europe by comparing trends before and after the pandemic using time series data from 2000 to 2023. Employing joinpoint regression, chi-square tests, and segmented regression analysis, we assessed DTP3 vaccination trends and coverage changes.

Relation Between Humor Styles and Psychopathological Symptoms in Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study.

: Being a healthcare professional often involves exposure to complex situations that can contribute to the development of psychological problems. Evidence suggests that both mental and physical health are crucial for the well-being of these professionals, which in turn influences the quality of care they provide to patients. The main aim of this study was to examine the association between adaptive and maladaptive forms of humor and psychopathological disorders among healthcare workers.

Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Optimization for Control Tuning of Complex Systems.

In this contribution, a methodology for the optimal tuning of controllers of complex systems based on meta-heuristic techniques is proposed. Two bio-inspired meta-heuristic optimization algorithms -the Antlion Optimizer (ALO) and the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)- have been applied to two different dynamic systems: the Hoop & Ball electromechanical system, a system where a linearized description is adequate; and to a Wind Turbine-Generator-Rectifier, as an example of a complex non-linear dynamic system. The performance of the ALO and WOA techniques for the tuning of conventional PID controllers is evaluated in relation to the number of agents nS and the maximum number of iterations nMaxIter; given the stochastic nature of both methods, repeatability is also addressed.

Entropy Production in an Electro-Membrane Process at Underlimiting Currents-Influence of Temperature.

The entropy production in the polarization phenomena occurring in the underlimiting regime, when an electric current circulates through a single cation-exchange membrane system, has been investigated in the 3-40 °C temperature range. From the analysis of the current-voltage curves and considering the electro-membrane system as a unidimensional heterogeneous system, the total entropy generation in the system has been estimated from the contribution of each part of the system. Classical polarization theory and the irreversible thermodynamics approach have been used to determine the total electric potential drop and the entropy generation, respectively, associated with the different transport mechanisms in each part of the system.

Prevalence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Hospitalized COPD Patients in Spain Between 2018-2022.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a common cause of hospital admission. The association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation and RSV infection is not well studied.

Objective: To analyze the hospitalizations of patients with COPD and RSV infection in Spain between 2018 and 2022.