Cost-effectiveness of omalizumab for the treatment of severe pediatric allergic asthma-Results of a real-life study in Spain.

Background: Severe pediatric allergic asthma (SPAA) induces a huge economic burden in terms of direct, indirect, and intangible costs. The use of omalizumab for the treatment of these patients has produced a significant improvement in several clinical outcomes, but at the same time, the cost for the management of the disease has also increased. The aim of this report was to evaluate whether the use of omalizumab is cost-effective.

circRNA from Gene Changes in Alzheimer's Disease Human Brain.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of age-related dementia. Amyloid precursor protein () is the precursor of Aβ peptides, and its role in AD has been widely investigated. Recently, it has been reported that a circular RNA (circRNA) originated from gene can serve as a template for Aβ synthesis, postulating it as an alternative pathway for the Aβ biogenesis.

Pathological Features in Paediatric Patients with TK2 Deficiency.

Thymidine kinase (TK2) deficiency causes mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. We aimed to report the clinical, biochemical, genetic, histopathological, and ultrastructural features of a cohort of paediatric patients with TK2 deficiency. Mitochondrial DNA was isolated from muscle biopsies to assess depletions and deletions.

SEOM-TTCC clinical guideline in nasopharynx cancer (2021).

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is distinct from other cancers of the head and neck in biology, epidemiology, histology, natural history, and response to treatment. Radiotherapy (RT) is the cornerstone of locoregional treatment of non-disseminated disease and the association of chemotherapy improves the rates of survival. In the case of metastatic disease stages, treatment requires platinum/gemcitabine-based chemotherapy and patients may achieve a long survival time.

Immunosenescence: the role of age in multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: The number of elderly people with multiple sclerosis (MS) has increased in line with population ageing. As the immune system presents profound changes over an individual's lifetime, it is important to understand the differences between these patients and younger patients.

Development: Immunosenescence, defined as age-related alterations naturally occurring in the immune system, particularly influences tolerance, response, and adverse effects of disease-modifying treatments for MS.

Drug-refractory myasthenia gravis: Clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcome.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with refractory myasthenia gravis (MG) and to determine the effectiveness and side effects of the drugs used for their treatment.

Methods: This observational retrospective cross-sectional multicenter study was based on data from the Spanish MG Registry (NMD-ES). Patients were considered refractory when their MG Foundation of America post-interventional status (MGFA-PIS) was unchanged or worse after corticosteroids and two or more other immunosuppressive agents.

Gender-Dependent Deregulation of Linear and Circular RNA Variants of HOMER1 in the Entorhinal Cortex of Alzheimer's Disease.

The gene is involved in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Recent studies show that circular RNA derived from () expression is altered in some Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain regions. In addition, messenger (mRNA) levels have been associated with β-Amyloid (Aβ) deposits in brain cortical regions.

Effect of influenza vaccination in patients with asthma.

Background: Although annual influenza vaccination is recommended for persons with asthma, its effectiveness in this patient population is not well described. We evaluated the effect of influenza vaccination in the current and previous seasons in preventing influenza among people with asthma.

Methods: Using population health data from the Navarre region of Spain for the 2015/16 to 2019/20 influenza seasons, we conducted a test-negative case-control study to assess the effect of influenza vaccination in the current and 5 previous seasons.

[Respiratory impairment in a patient with acrodysostosis: A rare association of an uncommon pathology].

Acrodysostosis is a rare skeletal displasia, of autosomal dominant inheritance, characterized by the presence of facial and peripheral dysostosis, short stature and obesity. Type 1 acrodysostosis is secondary to a mutation in the PRKAR1A (17q24.2) gene, which results in multi hormonal resistance and skeletal anomalities.

The Participation of Microglia in Neurogenesis: A Review.

Adult neurogenesis was one of the most important discoveries of the last century, helping us to better understand brain function. Researchers recently discovered that microglia play an important role in this process. However, various questions remain concerning where, at what stage, and what types of microglia participate.

Hyperprogressive Disease: Main Features and Key Controversies.

Along with the positioning of immunotherapy as a preferential treatment for a wide variety of neoplasms, a new pattern of response consisting in a sudden acceleration of tumor growth has been described. This phenomenon has received the name of "hyperprogressive disease", and several definitions have been proposed for its identification, most of them relying on radiological criteria. However, due to the fact that the cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated yet, there is still some debate regarding whether this fast progression is induced by immunotherapy or only reflects the natural course of some highly aggressive neoplasms.

Late presentation for HIV impairs immunological but not virological response to antiretroviral treatment.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of late presentation (CD4+ cell count <350 cells/μl or an AIDS-defining event) on effectiveness and safety of initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to evaluate whether treatment response depends on first-line ART regimen in late presenters.

Design: ART-naive adults from the Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) starting triple ART between 2010 and 2018.

Methods: We used multivariable models to assess differences in viral suppression (viral load <50 copies/ml), immunological response (change in CD4+ cell count, CD4% (>29%) and CD4/CD8 normalization (>0.

Omalizumab outcomes for up to 6 years in pediatric patients with severe persistent allergic asthma.

Background: Various studies have assessed omalizumab outcomes in the clinical practice setting but follow-up and/or number of patients included were limited. We aim to describe the long-term outcomes of pediatric patients with severe persistent allergic asthma receiving omalizumab in the largest real-life cohort reported to date.

Methods: ANCHORS was a multicenter, observational, retrospective cohort study conducted in 25 Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology units in Spain.

Multiple sclerosis and aging: comorbidity and treatment challenges.

Background: The prevalence of elderly patients with MS is increasing, in conjunction with the ageing general population. This review will examine the principal characteristics of elderly patients with MS and how the concomitant pathologies affect them. Finally, it will assess the impact of the medications on these patients and whether it would be safe to discontinue the disease-modifying treatment.

Encephalopathy and encephalitis during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Spanish Society of Neurology COVID-19 Registry.

Objectives: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Spanish Society of Neurology has run a registry of patients with neurological involvement for the purpose of informing clinical neurologists. Encephalopathy and encephalitis were among the most frequently reported complications. In this study, we analyse the characteristics of these complications.

Patients and relatives as auditors of safe practices in oncology and hematology day hospitals.

Background: When there is a gap in professionals' adherence to safe practices during cancer treatment, the consequences can be serious. Identifying these gaps in order to enable improvements in patient safety can be a challenge. This study aimed to assess if cancer patients and their relatives can be given the skills to audit reliably four safe practices, and to explore whether they are willing to play this new role.

Systemic CD4 Immunity as a Key Contributor to PD-L1/PD-1 Blockade Immunotherapy Efficacy.

PD-L1/PD-1 blockade immunotherapy has significantly improved treatment outcome for several cancer types compared to conventional cytotoxic therapies. However, the specific molecular and cellular mechanisms behind its efficacy are currently unclear. There is increasing evidence in murine models and in patients that unveil the key importance of systemic immunity to achieve clinical responses under several types of immunotherapy.

Influenza Vaccination and Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Cohort of Health Workers.

Vaccines may induce positive non-specific immune responses to other pathogens. This study aims to evaluate if influenza vaccination in the 2019-2020 season had any effect on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 confirmed infection in a cohort of health workers. During the first SARS-CoV-2 epidemic wave in Spain, between March and May 2020, a cohort of 11,201 health workers was highly tested by RT-qPCR and/or rapid antibody test when the infection was suspected.

Immunosenescence: the role of age in multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: The number of elderly people with multiple sclerosis (MS) has increased in line with population ageing. As the immune system presents profound changes over an individual's lifetime, it is important to understand the differences between these patients and younger patients.

Development: Immunosenescence, defined as age-related alterations naturally occurring in the immune system, particularly influences tolerance, response, and adverse effects of disease-modifying treatments for MS.

Systemic CD4 immunity: A powerful clinical biomarker for PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapy.

The search for non-invasive systemic biomarkers of response to PD-L1/PD-1 blockade immunotherapy is currently a priority in oncoimmunology. In contrast to classical tumor biomarkers, the identification of clinically useful immunological biomarkers is certainly a challenge, as anti-cancer immune responses depend on the coordinated action of many cell types. Studies on the dynamics of systemic CD8 T-cell populations have provided indications that such biomarkers may have a place in clinical practice.

Recapture of patients with an incomplete diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection.

Background: hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody tests have been performed since the 90s, although HCV-RNA (viral load) determination was not always performed. Some of these patients may be actively infected and not be aware of it. Here, we describe a procedure to capture these subjects and complete their diagnosis.

Trends and causes of mortality in a population-based cohort of HIV-infected adults in Spain: comparison with the general population.

Combination antiretroviral therapy reduces mortality of HIV-infected persons. In Spain, where this therapy is widely available, we aim to evaluate mortality trends and causes of death in HIV-infected adults, and to estimate the excess mortality compared to the general population. From 1999 to 2018 mortality by causes was analyzed in a population-based cohort of adults aged 25 to 74 years diagnosed with HIV infection in Spain.

Effect of Influenza Vaccination in Preventing Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Hospitalization in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: People with diabetes are at high risk of severe influenza complications. The influenza vaccination effect among diabetic patients remains inconclusive. We estimated the average effect of influenza vaccination status in the current and prior seasons in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalization in diabetic patients.